具有液-液相分离性质的Bi60Ga40合金熔体黏滞性的研究

通过对Bi60Ga40合金熔体的黏度的系统测量和分析,研究了Bi60Ga40合金熔体的黏度随温度变化的规律和熔体结构的变化.结果表明,Bi60Ga40合金熔体的黏度随温度的变化呈明显的不连续性,根据黏度的变化可以将熔体状态分为高温区、中温区和低温区,各温区间存在黏度突变温度区间.DSC进一步验证了Bi60Ga40熔体在620,-650℃之间发生了结构突变,在260～290℃之间由于液.液相分离引起了结构突变.文中对试验结果进行了讨论.     

液态Ga的密度和黏度及其微观结构

通过测量Ga熔体的密度和黏度,研究了液态Ga密度和黏度随温度的变化规律及其熔体微观结构的变化。Ga熔体的密度-温度关系曲变化表明,密度随着温度的升高而降低,但宏观体积增大;Ga熔体的黏度随着温度的降低而增加,总体上呈现指数规律,在180~210℃之间存在突变点。     

添加少量钙的AZ91D镁合金熔体的黏度

采用坩埚扭摆振动法测量了添加少量钙的AZ91D镁合金熔体的黏度,获得了600～870 ℃温度区间内升温和降温过程中的黏度-温度关系曲线υ(t)和黏度-钙添加量关系曲线υ(w).结果表明:AZ91D镁合金熔体的曲线υ(t)发生了不可逆转变;曲线υ(t)发生转折的温度对钙元素的添加量具有强烈依赖性,钙添加量(质量分数)为0.4%时,升温和降温过程的曲线υ(t)出现多温度点的黏度值相符合现象;曲线υ(w)具有显著的区间性特征,钙添加量为0.7%～0.8%时,开始出现较多的新相.     

Al熔体粘度的突变点及与熔体微观结构的关系

通过测量Ａｌ熔体的粘度，研究了Ａｌ熔体粘度随温度的变化规律，发现在升温过程中熔体粘度值在７８０和９５０℃左右发生突变。在降温过程中，粘度的突变发生在９３０和７５０℃。Ａｌ熔体氢含量的测定表明，氢含量随温度变化曲线也在７８０℃发生突变。通过对液态Ａｌ的分子动力学模拟，发现Ａｌ的第一近邻配位原子的排布方式随温度的变化在７８０℃左右与９５０℃左右也存在突变。探索了Ａｌ熔体液态微观结构与熔体粘度的内在联系     

镁合金熔体结构信息的价电子理论研究

运用固体与分子经验电子理论（EET）对Mg-Al合金熔体进行价电子结构分析,在此基础上构建了基本结构模型,获得熔体的基本结构信息。通过分析升温和降温过程中镁合金熔体黏度-温度关系曲线V(t)的不可逆现象,间接地对熔体结构信息的不可逆变化作出判断。结果表明：原子间各键共价电子对数nα的差异是造成熔体结构信息变化的根本原因,直接导致合金熔体存在微观不均匀性;当温度升高至730 ℃附近时,结构相对稳定的原子集团内部的Al-MgIII(C)键开始发生断裂,熔体结构达到新平衡的相对均匀状态;遗传自固态组织中微观不平衡结构的消失和原子集团内部Al-MgIII键的破坏及原子发生的不可逆重排是曲线V(t)发生不可逆变化的本质原因。这对于深入认识镁合金熔体结构信息及探索凝固微观机制具有重要理论意义。     

由形核过冷度研究Ga熔体原子团尺寸变化的滞后性

DSC测试表明,Ga的形核过冷度随其熔体高温保温时间的延长而增大,随熔体降温后保温时间的延长而减小,表现出明显的滞后性.通过对熔体温度与熔体中原子团尺寸之间关系的热力学和动力学研究,得到了金属熔体原子团中的原子数随温度变化的关系式,获得了确定熔体温度变化后其形核温度变化滞后幅度的方法,确定的Ga的形核温度变化滞后幅度与实验结果相吻合,其误差只有3.9%—4.8%.     

铝的熔体结构与氢含量

通过测量铝熔体中的氢含量,研究了随过热温度的变化铝熔体中氢含量的变化规律。结果表明,温度升高至７８０℃附近,熔体氢含量发生突变。液态Ａｌ的Ｘ射线衍射数据表明,Ａｌ的相关半径和配位数随温度的变化也在７８０℃附近有所变化。讨论了Ａｌ熔体液态结构与熔体氢含量的内在联系。     

TiB2/Al复合材料熔体的粘滞性

通过对TiB:颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体粘度的系统测量和分析,研究了TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体的粘度随温度变化的规律和熔体结构的变化.结果表明TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体的粘度随温度的变化呈明显的不连续性,根据粘度的变化可以将熔体状态分为高温区、中温区和低温区,各温区间存在粘度突变温度点.在低温区和中温区之间可能存在着由TiB2引起的熔体结构的变化.     

金属熔体结构及其控制技术的研究进展

综述了国内外在熔体结构研究方面的现状与进展,介绍了通过控制合金熔体的预结晶状态来改善合金组织和性能的相关技术及成果。可以得出：温度和压力可使金属熔体发生液／液结构转变,金属熔体结构随温度的变化存在滞后性,利用熔体结构随温度变化的滞后性可控制合金的凝固过程、明显细化合金的凝固组织、大大提高合金的力学性能。     

K_2O含量对CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO-Fe_xO-SiO_2系熔体黏度及析出相的影响

采用旋转柱体法研究在1175~1400℃温度区间内,K_2O含量对CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO-Fe_xO-SiO_2系熔体黏度的影响,并结合XRD和SEM分析了熔渣冷却过程中各物相的析出行为。同时,采用FactSage软件计算了该体系析出相总量及析出温度,与实验结果进行对比和分析。结果表明:当熔渣中K_2O含量低于1%(质量分数)时,由于碱性氧化物的网络破坏作用,熔渣黏度降低,但是随着K_2O含量的继续增加,熔渣黏度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,黏度最大值出现在n(K_2O)/n(Al_2O_3)1的区域。同时,熔渣的黏度随温度的下降而升高,且黏度随温度变化时会出现骤增的转折点,当到达"转折点"温度时,熔渣的黏度会迅速升高,这主要是由橄榄石相的析出造成。     

Effect of copper addition on the thermal contraction of indium melt clusters

The structure of In-1%Cu and In-5%Cu (mass fraction) alloy melts were studied at different temperatures above liquidus by using a high-temperature X-ray diffractometer and were compared with that of pure In melt. Experimental results show that with the addition of 1% Cu or 5% Cu, the thermal contraction phenomenon of atom clusters occurs in melts with the temperature increasing like pure In melt. With the addition of 1% Cu, the thermal contraction of atom clusters increases and the contraction is not homogeneous in the whole measurement temperature range. The sudden change and noticeable contraction can be found in the range of 280-390℃. The temperature range of the sudden change is lower than that of pure In melt. With the addition of 5% Cu, the thermal contraction of atom clusters decreases and the contraction is not consistent in the whole measurement temperature range. The anomalous change can be measured at about 600 ℃. At the same superheating temperature, the nearest interatomic distance r1 of     

Viscosity of In and In-Sballoys

The dynamic viscosity of pure In, In-1%Sb (mass fraction, so as the follows) alloy, In-55%Sb hypoeutectic alloy and In-69.5%Sb eutectic alloy was measured by using a torsional oscillation viscometer at different temperatures above liq-uidus. The experimental results show that the viscosity of these melts decreases with increasing temperature. The anomalous change of viscosity occurs at about 430 and 470℃in pure In melt. The variation of viscosity with temperature well meets exponential correlation and no anomalous change occurs in measured temperature range in the In-1%Sb alloy melt. A transition occurs at about 800℃ in both of In-55%Sb and In-69.5%Sb alloy melts. The sudden change of viscosity suggests the structure change of melts. DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) curves of In-1%Sb alloy during heating and cooling were measured, and the results show that no structural variation in In-1%Sb alloy melt was testified further. In addition, the viscosity of In melt decreases with the addition of1%S     

固/气共晶定向凝固中的工艺判据

气体压力和熔体过热度决定熔体中气体溶解量从而直接影响多孔试样的气孔率.通过理论分析建立了固/气共晶定向凝固中气体逸出和藕状多孔结构形成所需的过热度和气体压力判据.以金属/氢共晶为例,计算结果表明,过热度和氩气分压均应有一适中的范围:给定氢气和氩气分压时,过热度应高于藕孔形成临界过热度而低于氢气逸出临界过热度;给定过热度和氢气分压时,氩气分压应高于氢气逸出临界氩气分压而低于藕孔形成临界氩气分压.该分析结果从藕状多孔Mg的实验结果得到了验证,可以作为高质量规则多孔材料实际制备过程的工艺参数指导原则.     

Equivalent conductivity and its activation energy of NaF-AlF3 melts

Electrical conductivity of NaF-AlF3 melts was measured by continuously varying cell constant(CVCC) technique. Relationships between equivalent conductivity at 990-1 030 ℃ and temperature and composition, and relationship between equivalent conductivity activation energy and composition of the melts were then studied on the basis of two-step decomposition mechanism of AlF63-. According to the changes of molar fractions of different anions in NaF-AlF3 melts, courses of dependence of equivalent conductivity and its activation energy on composition were analyzed. The results show that the influence of temperature on equivalent conductivity of the melts is small in the researched temperature range, and equivalent conductivity increases with increasing the molar fraction of AlF3; there is a minimum point in the activation energy-composition curve when molar fraction of AlF3 is 0.29.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

立式离心铸造过程中熔体横截面的变化规律

对Ti合金立式离心铸件的充填和凝固过程进行研究。结果发现,在离心场下,柯氏力对熔体运动方向的改变影响非常大,熔体沿着与旋转方向相对的型壁进行正向加速充填,当达到最远端后反向充填。在正向充填过程中,对没有内浇道的铸型,熔体在横浇道内的截面面积随充填长度的增加而逐渐减小,当横浇道侧壁存在内浇道时,熔体通过内浇道进入型腔,导致熔体在内浇道入口处产生速度降,熔体横截面面积在该处有所回升,然后随充填长度的增加而减少。同时,旋转方向对有内浇道铸型的充填顺序影响非常大。     

Determination of thermodynamic properties in full composition range of Ti-Al binary melts based on atom and molecule coexistence theory

The results of predicting thermodynamic properties in the full composition range of Ti-Al binary melts in a temperature range from 1973 to 2273 K were obtained by coupling with the developed thermodynamic model for calculating mass action concentration N_i of structural units in Ti-Al system based on the atom and molecule coexistence theory (AMCT). Temperature dependence of the activity coefficients of Ti and Al in natural logarithmic form in the infinitely dilute solution (0>x_Ti<0.01) of Ti-Al binary melts was also determined from the calculated activity coefficients of Ti and Al at temperatures of 1973, 2073, 2173, and 2273 K. The standard molar Gibbs free energy change of dissolving pure liquid element i(l) for forming 1% (mass fraction) element i in Ti-Al binary melts further was deduced. With the aid of this model, meanwhile, the determined excess thermodynamic properties, such as the excess molar mixing Gibbs free energy/entropy/enthalpy were also calculated.     

基于扫描振镜的激光淬火温度特性模拟与实验研究

目的与传统激光淬火(CLQ)进行对比研究,获得使用飞行光路的振镜扫描式激光淬火(GLQ)的温度变化特性和规律。方法使用两种淬火方式对45钢进行表面处理,将组织形貌和硬度分布进行比较,并结合数值模拟,研究两种激光淬火方式的温度变化特性和规律。结果在相同的总能量输入、扫描区域和扫描时间下,两种淬火方式硬化层横截面形貌呈现巨大差异:CLQ试样硬化层深度为753.66μm,宽度为3787.21μm,横截面形貌为"月牙形";GLQ试样硬化层深度为256.61μm,宽度为5808.77μm,形貌为"均匀性更好的近似月牙形"。截面硬度分布相似:均为中间主体区域高(GLQ试样硬度810~900HV,CLQ试样硬度790~830HV),两侧边缘区域低(均约为760HV)。模拟结果表明,CLQ试样特征点激光辐照时长共1.25 s,温度从508℃变为1063℃,奥氏体相变时间为1.17 s;GLQ试样特征点激光辐照时长共0.628 s,温度从500℃变成718℃,其波峰温度奥氏体相变时间为0.38 s,波谷温度均保持在马氏体转变温度以上。沿激光扫描方向,GLQ的温度变化率比CLQ大1个数量级;垂直激光扫描方向,GLQ温度变化率比CLQ大2个数量级。结论GLQ具有温度变化率更大、升降温多次循环、热处理相变时间更短、热积累更小等特点,有望在薄层大面积淬火上获得应用。     

Effect of ultrasonic stirring on temperature distribution and grain refinement in Al- 1.65%Si alloy melt

A series of experiments were conducted for Al-1.65%Si （mass fraction） alloy melt to study the formation of grain refining structure with ultrasonic stirring. The cooling curves of ingots with ultrasonic were measured and compared with those without ultrasonic. At the same time, the effect of the time of ultrasonic stirring on solidification structure of ingots was investigated. The influence of ultrasonic on the grain-refining efficiency of ingots was analyzed. In order to well understand the melts behavior under ultrasonic, by using ammonium chloride solution, the simulation experiment was carried out and the temperature distribution in ingot with or without ultrasonic was compared. The results indicate that the ultrasonic reduces the temperature inhomogeneity of melt, i.e. the ultrasonic helps to homogenize the melt temperature. The effect of stirring and heat generation in ingot start to occur with increasing the time of ultrasonic stirring.     

低膨胀硼硅酸盐玻璃熔体密度和表面张力测量

采用静滴法测量并对比典型低膨胀硼硅酸盐玻璃和普通钠钙硅玻璃的熔体密度和表面张力.结果表明,硼硅酸盐玻璃的密度要低于钠钙硅玻璃,二者均随温度升高而线性降低.硼硅酸盐玻璃的热膨胀系数要低于普通钠钙硅玻璃.在1000～1200 ℃的温度区间内,钠钙硅玻璃的表面张力低于硼硅酸盐玻璃,均随温度升高而线性增加,表面张力温度系数分别为0.11867和0.27867.