Ca对Mg-5Al-1Bi合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

使用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪及力学性能测试等试验手段,研究了Ca含量对铸态Mg-5Al-1Bi镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态Mg-5Al-1Bi镁合金由α-Mg基体和β-Mg17Al12相组成,加入Ca后,合金晶粒细化,β-Mg17Al12相的数量减少,由连续变得较为分散。当Ca含量达到3%时,合金中生成新的第二相Al2Ca。高熔点相Al2Ca在高温条件下能钉扎晶界,阻碍晶界滑移,有利于提高合金的高温蠕变性能。合金硬度和屈服强度随着Ca含量的增加而提高,而抗拉强度和伸长率下降。     

喷射成形Mg-9Al-xZn合金的微观组织演变

利用喷射成形技术制备AZ91、AZ92和AZ93镁合金沉积柱坯,并对其微观组织演变进行观察.结果表明:铸态普通凝固AZ91合金的晶粒粗大,脆性β-Mg17Al12相连续分布成网状结构;而喷射成形AZ91、AZ92和AZ93合金的组织均匀,晶粒被充分细化,β-Mg17Al12相的网状结构被打破;喷射沉积快速凝固条件下高的冷却速率促进了过饱和α-Mg固溶体组织的形成,使得偏析相减少,形态改善;Zn含量的增加降低了Al在Mg中的溶解极限,促进了β-Mg17Al12相在晶界的析出及α-Mg+β-Mg17Al12离异共晶组织的形成;Zn元素的偏析倾向为激活成分过冷区内的形核质点提供了驱动力,从而阻碍了晶粒长大.     

Sr对Mg-Al-Ca铸造合金微观组织的影响

研究Sr对Mg-Al-Ca铸造合金微观组织演变的影响。研究发现,微量Sr会导致镁基体组织轻微粗化。当Sr含量从0.1%增加至0.5%时,镁基体的晶粒尺寸由83.9μm减小到65.8μm。添加0.1%-0.3%Sr对Al2Ca相有显著的变质细化作用,同时,使其形貌从条状转化为球状。Al2Ca的含量随着Sr元素的添加而有所增加。镁基体晶粒细化主要是由于Sr的添加增加了熔体的有效过冷度以及合金固/液界面前沿区域形成很强的成分过冷效应引起的。Sr对Al2Ca的变质作用主要归因于Sr在Al2Ca晶体上的吸附。当Sr含量增加至0.5%时,合金会出现过变质现象。     

等通道转角挤压制备超细晶Mg15Al双相合金组织与性能

对高铝双相合金Mg15Al在553K以Bc路线进行了不同道次的等通道挤压(ECAP),获得了超细晶高铝镁合金。通过OM,SEM,TEM分析了ECAP前后合金的微观组织结构及断口形貌,并测试了不同挤压道次后合金的硬度和室温拉伸性能,分析了ECAP细化晶粒机理及其性能改善原因。结果表明,随挤压道次增加,累计形变增强,网状硬脆相β-Mg17Al12破碎,合金晶粒显著细化,但对单相区和两相混合区细化效果不同。在α、β两相共存区内,4道次ECAP后形成100nm～200nm的细晶粒;在α单相区,4道次ECAP后晶粒为1μm以下,且在初晶α-Mg内析出弥散细小的β相,起到细晶强化和弥散强化作用。8道次ECAP后,晶粒略有长大。ECAP使合金的硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率同时得到提高,尤其是4道次ECAP后,硬度提高了32.04%,抗拉强度σb从150MPa提高到269.3MPa,延伸率δ由0.05%提高到7.4%;8道次ECAP后,硬度、抗拉强度略有下降,延伸率略有上升。SEM断口观察显示ECAP使合金拉伸断口形貌由铸态的解理断裂特征转变为延性韧窝断裂特征。     

光纤激光焊接AZ91D镁合金接头微观组织特征

采用光纤激光焊接AZ91D镁合金,借助金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜分别对焊接接头的微观组织结构、相组成、断口形貌进行分析.结果表明:光纤激光焊接AZ91D镁合金,能够得到无明显缺陷的焊接接头,焊缝组织为细小的柱状晶组织,接头热影响区小.焊缝组织由过饱和α-Mg固溶体和Al_2Mg相组成,焊缝金属冷却速度较快,没有β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)脆性相析出.α-Mg晶内和晶界上有少量Al_2Mg析出物,且存在大量位错线和位错胞.断口特征为韧脆混合断裂形式,有微小裂纹存在.     

AE42合金的抗压入蠕变性能

采用自制实验装置对Mg-Al-2RE(AE42)合金进行压入蠕变实验,利用带能谱(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析合金蠕变前后的组织和成分的演化.结果表明:随温度或应力的增加,AE42合金的压入蠕变速率和第一阶段的蠕变量逐渐增加;合金在压入状态下的蠕变应力指数和蠕变激活能的均值分别为3.06和72.4 kJ/mol;压入条件下AE42合金的稳态蠕变速率由晶界扩散主导的位错粘滞性滑移控制;铸态AE42合金由α-Mg基体、针状Al11La3和少量颗粒状Al2La组成;固溶处理8 h后,合金中的β-Mg17Al12相溶入α-Mg基体,合金的硬度上升;固溶24 h后,晶粒得到粗化,合金的硬度和抗蠕变性能均下降;固溶处理后再人工时效24 h,晶粒略有细化,但大量β-Mg17Al12相沿晶界不连续析出,合金的硬度和抗蠕变性能进一步下降.     

Mg-9Zn—xAl合金的显微组织和力学性能

借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、显微硬度计及电子万能试验机等研究了Mg-9Zn-xAl（x=2％、4％、6％）合金的显微组织和力学性能。试验结果表明：随着Al含量的增加,晶粒尺寸呈不断减小的趋势,合金中的第二相由断续状分布向连续网状转变;当Al含量为2％和4％时,合金主要由α-Mg基体相、τ-Mg32（Al,Zn）49相和MgZn相组成,当Al增加到6％时,合金主要由α-Mg基体相、τ-Mg32（Al,Zn）49相和少量Mg5Zn2A12相组成。抗拉强度随着Al含量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,当Al含量为4％时,抗拉强度为171MPa;伸长率和硬度随着Al含量的增加而逐渐增加,当Al含量为6％时,硬度为133HV。     

钕对二元高铝镁合金组织及性能的影响

研究了稀土元素钕对Mg-15Al合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:加入钕后,Mg-15Al合金的α-Mg晶粒明显细化,α+β共晶组织由粗大网状变得分散、细小,钕与铝结合形成稳定的Al11Nd3,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率均得到显著提高。钕加入量为1.0%时,组织细化效果最好,Mg-15Al合金的综合力学性能达到最佳。当钕加入量为1.5%时,α-Mg晶粒又变大、抗拉强度略有下降。     

微量钒对AZ91D镁合金显微组织的影响

研究了添加微量钒对AZ91D镁合金显微组织的影响。在AZ91D镁合金熔炼过程加入AlV55中间合金引入钒元素,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射等分析研究了加钒前后合金组织的变化以及钒在合金中的存在形式。结果表明:钒的引入使β-Mg17Al12相由不连续网状逐渐离散化,钒在AZ91D合金中主要以新相Al3V形式溶解或分散于β-Mg17Al12相和α-Mg基体中。高熔点的新相Al3V在AZ91D镁合金凝固过程中先于其他相生成聚集在固液界面前沿,抑制晶粒的长大;同时由于α-Mg相细化而使晶界面积增加,相应的单位面积晶界处发生共晶反应的熔液体积减少,生成的β-Mg17Al12相变得细小。同时由于晶粒尺寸减小以及晶界处Al3V相的强化作用,AZ91D合金的硬度随着添加钒含量的增加呈增大趋势。     

旋转磁场对Mg15Al高铝镁合金凝固组织的影响

利用旋转磁场控制Mg15Al二元高铝镁合金凝固过程,以期获得均匀细小的等轴晶,使合金后续的等通道挤压能顺利进行.通过OM、SEM、EDS测试手段研究了旋转磁场对合金凝固组织及溶质分配的影响.结果表明:旋转磁场主要通过与金属液流相互作用引起强烈的旋流而产生搅拌作用来影响合金的温度场与溶质场的分布,故能够显著细化Mg15Al二元高铝镁合金组织中的初晶a-Mg,促进Al在初晶a-Mg中的固溶,但对于在凝固末期才形成的共晶组织而言,由于凝固末期所剩液相形不成有效流动,其形态受旋转磁场影响不大.随励磁电压增大,晶粒细化效果增加,励磁电压为60 V时,晶粒细化效果最佳,A1在初晶a-Mg中固溶量最高,励磁电压继续增加,由于磁场感生热增加将弱化二次冷却,使晶粒细化效果下降.     

Er含量对汽车发动机用AM50合金组织与耐蚀性的影响

对汽车发动机用AM50合金进行了Er合金化处理;采用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD),浸泡试验和电化学试验研究了Er含量对AM50合金组织和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:Er微合金化的AM50合金中除了含有α-Mg相和β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相外,还形成了Al_7ErMn_5相和Al3Er相;随着Er含量的增加,合金的腐蚀速率总体表现为先降低而后升高的趋势,腐蚀后抗拉强度呈现先增加而后降低的趋势,而强度损失呈现先减小而后增大的趋势;Er添加量为0.5%(质量分数)时,AM50合金具有最佳耐蚀性和拉伸性能。     

Microstructural characteristics of near-liquidus cast AZ91D alloy during semi-solid die casting

Near-liquidus cast ingot was reheated to semi-solid firstly, and then a bracket of motor was prepared by die casting the semi-solid ingot into mould. The microstructural characteristics of AZ91D alloy in these processes were investigated. In the process of near-liquidus casting, primary α-Mg grains tend to be rosette-like because of the increase of plentiful quasi-solid atom clusters in molten alloy with the decrease of pouring temperature. These rosette-like α-Mg grains in ingots fabricated by near-liquidus casting are fused off and refined into near-globular structure owing to the solute diffusion mechanism and the minimum surface energy mechanism during reheating. After semi-solid die-casting, α-Mg grains, located in biscuit, impact and connect with each other; α-Mg grains, located in inner gate, congregate together; while α-Mg grains, located in component, distribute uniformly and become into globularity or strip. Because the inner gate limits the flowing of semi-solid slurry, and the pressure acted on the semi-solid slurry decreases gradually along the filling direction of semi-solid slurry in cavity, microstructural segregation of unmelted α-Mg grains appears along this direction. Shrinkage holes in casting are caused by two different reasons. For biscuit, the shrinkage holes are caused by the blocked access of feeding liquid to the shrinkage zone for the agglomerated unmelted α-Mg grains. For component, the shrinkage holes are caused by the lack of feeding of liquid alloy.     

Al含量对含稀土AZ系镁合金组织及性能的影响

以含稀土AZ系镁合金为基,制备了铝含量分别为5%、7%、9%的合金试样,并对其进行435 ℃×24 h固溶+200 ℃×24 h时效处理,对试样的铸态、固溶态和时效态的显微组织进行了观察,随后测定了试样时效后的力学性能以及耐蚀性能。结果表明,铸态镁合金组织主要为α-Mg+β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂+Al₁₁(La,Ce)₃和(La,Ce)Al₄;随着Al含量的增加,β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂和稀土化合物相增多,晶粒细化。固溶处理后,组织中的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相会逐渐溶解,随着Al含量的增多,溶解将会不完全,未溶的强化相β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂和稀土化合物相弥散分布在晶界及其附近处。时效处理后,随着Al含量的增加,组织中继续析出的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相增多,稀土化合物相尺寸细化。随着Al元素的增多,试样的抗拉强度和硬度逐渐增大,塑韧性则愈来愈差,耐腐蚀性越来越好。     

AZ91D镁合金等离子束重熔组织与性能

利用高能等离子束对AZ91D镁合金表面进行快速加热重熔处理,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针等对重熔层的物相、组织结构和成分进行分析,通过摩擦和拉伸试验研究重熔层的耐磨性和强度。结果表明:等离子束重熔层的晶粒得到高度细化,晶粒为细小的等轴晶粒,尺寸为1～2μm;物相组成仍然为α-Mg+β-Mg17Al12,但α-Mg相减少,β-Mg17Al12增加,且β-Mg17Al12相的分布更加均匀弥散;重熔层深度与等离子束的电流大小有关,电流越大,熔凝层越深;重熔层的显微硬度(105～125 HV0.1)明显高于基体的显微硬度(60～70 HV0.1),拉伸断口细致,有塑性变形痕迹以及由细小均匀韧窝组成的纤维状的撕裂痕,也有明显的晶粒拔出痕迹,等离子重熔处理有利于提高AZ91D镁合金的表面耐磨性和强度。     

等温处理对挤压态AZ80A镁合金半固态组织的影响

采用应变诱发熔化激活法(SIMA)工艺制备了AZ80A镁合金半固态坯料,研究了保温温度和保温时间对半固态组织的影响。结果表明:随着保温温度的升高和保温时间的增加,AZ80A镁合金的平均晶粒尺寸与液相率都呈上升趋势,形状因子呈先增大后减小的趋势。半固态组织由α-Mg晶粒、Al、Zn元素富集形成的晶界处液相和晶内“小液池”组成,其组织演变分为初始晶粒合并长大,晶粒球化、彼此分离,最终合并粗化3个阶段。采用该种方法制备AZ80A镁合金半固态坯料时合适的保温温度为550 ℃、保温时间为45 min,此时半固态组织的平均晶粒尺寸、形状因子和液相率分别为89 μm、0.795和26.7%。     

Ce含量对Mg-Li-Al-Zn合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响(英文)

制备了Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn-xCe(x=0-2.5;质量分数,%)铸态合金,并将所得合金分别于300°C和370°C进行均匀化和固溶处理;研究固溶处理后合金显微组织和拉伸性能的变化。结果表明,合金中加入Ce后出现Al2Ce/Al3Ce析出相,此时合金主要由α-Mg、Al2Ce、Al3Ce和AlLi相组成;固溶处理后合金中AlLi和Al-Ce析出相数量减少。析出相的数量与形态对合金的力学性能十分重要,含有1.0%Ce的合金获得了优良的拉伸性能。固溶处理后Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Ce合金的强度和伸长率都得到了大幅度的提高,这是因为合金在固溶处理后由于基体中的溶质原子增加而获得良好的固溶强化作用。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Mg-Li ALLOY WITH Ca ADDITION

Mg-9wt%Li-2wt%Zn alloy was prepared and studied in this article. The addition of Ca to the alloy from 0.1wt% to 1wt% can refine the α-Mg and the best effect of refinement occurs when Ca content is 0.4wt%-0.5wt%. The billets can be rolled to thin sheets at room temperature, from which it is obvious that the addition of Ca improves alloys ormalin. while it decreases with the excess addition of Ca. The results also show that the ultimate tensile strength （UTS） and yield strength （YS） of the alloy with lwt% Ca may rise by 28% and 25%, respectively, however, the elongation decreases. It is clarified that the adsorption of proper Ca on the grain boundaries refines α-Mg and improves the tensile properties, but the presence of excess Ca and stable Ca2Mg6Zn3phase worsens the elongation.     

Influence of aging modes on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy after solid solution and aging treatments were studied by using optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) as well as tensile testing. The results indicated that β-Mg17Al12 phase was getting to distribute discontinuously along the grain boundary after treated at 395℃ ageing for 12 h followed by water-cooling, but it did not dissolve into α-Mg completely. The residual β-Mg17Al12 phase distributed along the grain boundary and had block-like or island shapes. The size of α-Mg was getting to be coarsening but not significantly. The β-Mg17Al12 precipitates appeared in discontinuous and continuous patterns from supersaturated α-Mg solid solution after aged at 200℃. The precipitation patterns were associated with the aging time essentially. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy increased significantly but the hardness and yield strength decreased after solid solution treatment. However, with the prolonging of aging time, the hardness and strength of alloy increased while the ductility decreased.     

MICROSTRUCTURE OF BINARY Mg-Al EUTECTIC ALLOY WIRES PRODUCED BY THE OHNO CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS

Directionally solidified binary Mg-Al eutectic alloy wires of approximately 5 mm in diameter were produced by the Ohno continuous casting （OCC） process and the microstructure was examined. It was found that the wires possess obvious unidirectional growth characteristic along its axial direction. The microstructure consists of parallel columnar grains that resulted from the competitive growth of equiaxed grains solidified on the head of dummy bar. Each columnar grain comprises regular eutectic a-Mg and β-Mg17 Al12 phases, which grew along the axial direction of the wires. The morphology of the eutectic is mainly lamellar, meanwhile rod eutectic exists. The formation of rod eutectic was attributed to the ＂bridging effect＂ caused by incidental elements in the alloy.