焊后热处理对316LN焊接残余应力的影响

为了研究焊后热处理对316LN焊接残余应力的影响,设计了拘束应力试验件并制定了热处理工艺方案,通过盲孔法测定热处理前后焊接残余应力值,并进行了对比分析。结果表明:(920±10)℃×1h和(400±10)℃×(2~3)h均可以很好地减少316LN焊接残余应力,尤以(920±10)℃×1h去应力效果最为显著。     

道间温度对异种金属圆筒焊件残余应力影响的数值模拟

利用Abaqus有限元软件模拟了道间温度对异种金属圆筒焊件残余应力的影响规律。结果表明,在SA508/ERNiCrFe-7A/F316LN筒体焊件上存在分布复杂且量值较大的残余应力,最大主应力为环向应力,环向残余拉应力的峰值位于焊缝内部靠近焊缝外表面的区域以及F316LN试环内部靠近熔合区且接近焊件外表面的部位。在满足现有工艺规范要求的前提下,道间温度的改变对异种金属圆筒焊件的残余应力水平仍有较大的影响,随着道间温度的升高,异种金属焊件的环向和轴向残余应力峰值均呈减小趋势,而径向残余应力峰值呈增大趋势。当道间冷却时间较短时,道间温度随焊接过程进行而升高的趋势明显,而当道间冷却时间相对较长时,这种趋势只在焊接初始阶段较为明显,在焊接过程后半程道间温度差别不大。     

基于盲孔法的T92钢管焊接残余应力研究

运用盲孔法分别对拘束和无拘束、不同的焊速和热处理温度条件下的T92钢管焊接残余应力进行了测试.试验结果表明,其他焊接条件相同时,焊接残余应力随焊速的增大而减小;热处理温度过低会无法达到减小残余应力的目的,同时推断出750℃左右是最佳的热处理温度;同时,当焊件存在外部拘束条件时,焊件残余应力会增大,焊件热影响区的残余应力值均大于焊缝区的残余应力值.     

船用5083铝合金焊后热处理的有限元计算

5083铝合金焊接结构广泛应用于船舶领域,尤其是高速船舶以及相应配套设施。然而因其线胀系数较大往往导致较大的焊接残余应力,增大热裂纹倾向,影响焊接结构强度。为减小5083铝合金焊接残余应力,本文采用了焊后热处理工艺。应用有限元分析软件Marc建立了5083铝合金平板对接TIG焊模型以及焊后热处理模型,对焊接及焊后热处理进行了模拟,计算出不同热处理温度下的焊接残余应力,得到热处理温度与焊接残余应力的规律。计算结果表明,焊后热处理能明显减小焊件残余应力,当热处理温度为560℃时,焊件的纵向残余应力与等效残余应力均达到最小值。     

316LN超导磁体支撑焊接变形及制造工艺

为对聚变堆低温超导磁体支撑的焊接变形进行控制和研究。文中首先对3 mm控氮不锈钢薄板进行了TIG焊对接焊试验和焊接变形的热弹塑性有限元分析。结果表明, 焊接温度场的计算结果与实测值的偏差小于20%。在此基础上, 对变形严重超差的异形支撑结构的焊接变形和残余应力进行研究。研究发现,夹具释放后近缝区的残余应力再平衡是导致该构件尺寸超差的主要原因,分析所得的焊接变形趋势和数值均与实测值吻合。因此可得,热弹塑性有限元法能够运用于大型316LN不锈钢复杂部件焊接变形的实际生产。     

异种钢多道焊焊接残余应力三维有限元模拟

利用有限元法以及生死单元技术对CF62与316L的异种钢多道焊焊接残余应力开展了模拟分析。结果表明,焊态残余应力在焊缝和热影响区具有较高的应力水平,且热影响区的残余应力水平略大于焊缝区。远离焊缝热影响区,应力逐渐降低。焊缝的不对称X型坡口的下表面残余应力大于上表面残余应力,余高处残余应力集中明显。热膨胀系数高的316L不锈钢的残余应力大于CF62。     

热处理对复合板焊接接头中316L不锈钢焊缝组织及耐蚀性的影响

对Q345碳钢/316不锈钢复合板进行焊接,并对焊接接头进行了不同工艺的热处理;通过组织观察、晶间腐蚀试验和应力腐蚀试验研究了热处理工艺对316L不锈钢焊缝组织和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:316L不锈钢焊缝组织均为奥氏体+条状铁素体;随热处理次数增加,奥氏体晶界变宽,二次热处理后在316L不锈钢焊缝奥氏体晶界处有明显Cr23C6析出,并形成了贫铬区,容易发生晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀,降低了316L不锈钢焊接接头的耐蚀性。     

焊接参数对异种钢接头热应力影响的数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS，对电站锅炉内使用的珠光体耐热钢G102和奥氏体不锈钢SUS304的异种钢接头的焊接温度场和残余应力场进行了数值模拟，并采用不同焊接参数及其焊后去应力热处理进行了对比性分析计算。在双道焊的数值模拟过程中，采用生死单元法，逐道激活焊缝参与计算。结果证明：双道脉冲焊时接头热影响区较窄，应力峰值较低。结果还表明焊后热处理能有效改善接头残余应力的分布状况。     

550℃热处理对Q345R/316L复合板焊接接头残余应力及腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究550℃时的热处理工艺对复合板焊接接头残余应力及腐蚀性能的影响,本研究对首钢公司生产的13 mm+3 mm厚的Q345R/316L复合板进行了焊接。复合板焊接后对接头进行了550℃保温2 h的热处理,分别对热处理前后的残余应力及耐晶间腐蚀性能进行了测试。研究发现,该热处理工艺处理后的复合板焊接头碳钢侧的最大残余应力降低了58%,不锈钢侧降低了27%。复合板不锈钢焊缝区经热处理后,组织出现碳化铬析出,导致了晶间腐蚀性能不合。     

焊接残余应力的分布和焊后热处理的应力松弛作用

通过钻盲孔法研究了里海型焊接试板焊接残余应力的分布和焊后热处理对焊接残余应力松弛的影响 ,讨论了适合生产实际的焊后热处理条件。结果发现 ,在焊缝区及其周围存在着高焊接残余拉应力 ,且纵向应力远大于横向应力。焊后热处理能够显著降低焊接残余应力 ,并且焊后热处理温度越高 ,应力松弛效果越好。对于一般的工程需要 ,焊后热处理温度下限定于5 5 0℃较适宜 ,可使应力松弛率达到 80 %以上。在强烈腐蚀环境中工作的压力容器 ,为防止诱发应力腐蚀开裂 ,应选择 6 2 0℃、30min或 1h保温的焊后热处理 ,此时应力松弛率可达到 90 %以上。在热处理温度低于规范温度时 ,延长保温时间对于焊接残余应力的松弛影响不大     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.