准能选煤厂产品结构优化的研究与实践

为了适应市场需求,提高产品竞争力,准能选煤厂在对原有产品结构进行深度分析基础上,提出优化产品结构的新思路、新措施,并从原煤储运、洗选、装车等环节开展了产品结构优化工作,增加了块煤产品,提高了经济效益。     

浅谈轻工企业如何提高产品标准水平

随着我国经济发展水平的不断提高,我国轻工业取得了显著的发展,并随着产品生产水平的提高,对企业产品标准也有了更高的要求。企业的产品质量标准和产品质量密切相关,提高产品标准水平也是企业发展的重要内容。本文主要分析了轻工产品企业的产品标准,并提出了提高产品标准水平的几点建议。     

玻璃钢法兰结构设计

本文综合比较了多种玻璃钢法兰结构设计标准,结合实际生产情况,提出一种玻璃钢法兰的结构设计方法。试验表明按该方法设计制造的法兰既不影响螺栓的连接,又提高了产品的水压密封性。通过采用此方法,既提高了产品的性能,又降低了产品的生产成本,优化了产品工艺,提高了市场的竞争力。     

防晒增效途径的探讨

文章讨论了在不增加防晒剂用量的情况下,通过防晒产品基质的选择、现代新技术的运用、适当添加剂的使用等方法来提高防晒产品防晒能力、降低产品的刺激性、提高产品的安全性。     

液氯充装抽负压系统技术改造

分析了影响液氯产品质量的原因,经改装充装管路和抽负压管道,提高了液氯产品的质量,节约了维护费用,提高了产品市场竞争力。     

近年我国合成纤维进口特点分析

分析了近年我国合成纤维进口形势 ,找出合纤进口的主要特点、变化原因和发展趋势 ,对提高我国合纤工业和合纤产品的竞争力提出了设想 ,应提高合纤原料供应能力 ,调整产品结构 ,提高产品的竞争力 ,鼓励合纤产品出口     

国内外聚烯烃技术进展与市场分析

综述了国内外聚烯烃生产技术新进展以及市场供需状况,重点分析了我国聚烯烃产业的供需现状及预测。目前,我国聚烯烃的自给率达60%左右,国内市场仍有较大缺口,但国外大量的进口产品对国内产品形成了较大的冲击。为提高国内产品的市场份额,建议国内聚烯烃生产企业应增加科技投入,提高技术水平,降低生产成本;增加产品牌号,提高产品质量,进一步占据聚烯烃产品的高端市场。     

影响单丝牌号5000S产品质量的因素分析

单丝牌号5000S是大庆HDPE装置的主要产品,适用于加工渔网丝、编织袋等产品。作者们讨论了产品的物性参数特点,分析了以往产品质量存在的主要问题。从工艺技术方面对于如何提高5000S产品的优级品率,提高产品的加工性能和使用性能进行了讨论。     

环境友好型聚烯烃产品的开发和应用进展

聚烯烃是石油化工的主要原材料,针对环境友好型的聚烯烃产品的开发和应用,提高了石油化工生产的经济性。降低聚烯烃产品生产过程的环境污染程度,提高聚烯烃生产的绿色环保性,达到石油化工生产管理的目标。不断研发新工艺技术措施,提高聚烯烃产品的应用效果。     

电子信号产品三防处理技术应用

三防处理技术在产品上的运用，可有效提高产品的安全性及可靠性，延长产品的使用寿命，改善产品对恶劣环境的适应能力，并能提高产品的防雷、绝缘等性能。介绍了铁路电子信号产品三防处理的技术应用。     

污泥生物炭中氮硫行为及环境效应研究进展

污泥生物炭中氮硫元素含量高,其氮硫行为和环境效应对全球气候变化的影响不容忽视。以往的研究中,研究者往往以富碳生物炭作为主要研究对象,关注碳对全球气候变化的行为和功效,而对氮硫元素的作用关注不够。本文从原始污泥基本性质到其热解过程,再到生物炭的老化,逐步对污泥生物炭整个生命周期内氮硫的行为及其环境效应研究进行综述,并对未来应注重开展的研究方向进行展望,为生物炭中氮硫元素固定、释放及与之关联的环境效应和温室气体排放控制研究提供理论基础。分析表明,污泥中氮元素含量普遍高于硫元素,且热解过程中氮比硫更容易转移至气相产物。氮硫元素随热解温度的增加,在三相产物中的分配都是炭中持续减少,油中先增后减,气中一直增加。高温（＞800℃）条件下,气相中的氮含量高于固相,而硫元素则仍然主要存在于固相中。污泥生物炭老化及其环境效应研究表明,污泥生物炭氮硫元素与土壤的相互作用及其温室效应问题在今后的研究中应引起重视。     

泰乐菌素在提取工艺中溶液中的稳定性研究

为探讨泰乐菌素在提取工艺中溶液中的稳定性,取提取工艺中不同环节的泰乐菌素溶液,采用高效液相色谱法测定在一定时间内检测泰乐菌素的含量,观察不同环节的泰乐菌素溶液的降解情况。结果显示,在提取工艺中不同环节的泰乐菌素溶液,均较稳定,结果证明,提取工艺中不同环节的泰乐菌素溶液稳定,基本上不降解。     

Sp7 Transgenic Mice with a Markedly Impaired Lacunocanalicular Network Induced Sost and Reduced Bone Mass by Unloading

The relationship of lacunocanalicular network structure and mechanoresponse has not been well studied. The lacunocanalicular structures differed in the compression and tension sides, in the regions, and in genders in wild-type femoral cortical bone. The overexpression of Sp7 in osteoblasts resulted in thin and porous cortical bone with increased osteoclasts and apoptotic osteocytes, and the number of canaliculi was half of that in the wild-type mice, leading to a markedly impaired lacunocanalicular network. To investigate the response to unloading, we performed tail suspension. Unloading reduced trabecular and cortical bone in the Sp7 transgenic mice due to reduced bone formation. Sost-positive osteocytes increased by unloading on the compression side, but not on the tension side of cortical bone in the wild-type femurs. However, these differential responses were lost in the Sp7 transgenic femurs. Serum Sost increased in the Sp7 transgenic mice, but not in the wild-type mice. Unloading reduced the Col1a1 and Bglap/Bglap2 expression in the Sp7 transgenic mice but not the wild-type mice. Thus, Sp7 transgenic mice with the impaired lacunocanalicular network induced Sost expression by unloading but lost the differential regulation in the compression and tension sides, and the mice failed to restore bone formation during unloading, implicating the relationship of lacunocanalicular network structure and the regulation of bone formation in mechanoresponse.     

Possible Role of Crystal-Bearing Cells in Tomato Fertility and Formation of Seedless Fruits

Crystal-bearing cells or idioblasts, which deposit calcium oxalate, are located in various tissues and organs of many plant species. The functional significance of their formation is currently unclear. Idioblasts in the leaf parenchyma and the development of crystal-bearing cells in the anther tissues of transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicon L.), expressing the heterologous FeSOD gene and which showed a decrease in fertility, were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The amount of calcium oxalate crystals was found to increase significantly in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type (WT) ones in idioblasts and crystal-bearing cells of the upper part of the anther. At the same time, changes in the size and shape of the crystals and their location in anther organs were noted. It seems that the interruption in the break of the anther stomium in transgenic plants was associated with the formation and cell death regulation of a specialized group of crystal-bearing cells. This disturbance caused an increase in the pool of these cells and their localization in the upper part of the anther, where rupture is initiated. Perturbations were also noted in the lower part of the anther in transgenic plants, where the amount of calcium oxalate crystals in crystal-bearing cells was reduced that was accompanied by disturbances in the morphology of pollen grains. Thus, the induction of the formation of crystal-bearing cells and calcium oxalate crystals can have multidirectional effects, contributing to the regulation of oxalate metabolism in the generative and vegetative organs and preventing fertility when the ROS balance changes, in particular, during oxidative stresses accompanying most abiotic and biotic environmental factors.     

The Effects of Immunosuppressive Treatment during Pregnancy on the Levels of Potassium,Iron, Chromium,Zinc, Aluminum,Sodium and Molybdenum in Hard Tissues of Female Rats and Their Offspring

The ideal immunosuppressive regimen should provide for excellent immunosuppression with no side effects. Yet, current immunosuppressive therapy regimens commonly used in clinical applications fail to meet this criterion. One of the complications caused by immunosuppressive drugs is mineralization disorders in hard tissues. In this study, we evaluated the effects of three immunosuppressive therapies used after transplantation on the levels of potassium, iron, chromium, zinc, aluminum, sodium and molybdenum in the bones and teeth of female rats and their offspring. The study was conducted on 32 female Wistar rats, subjected to immunosuppressive regimens (cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone; and cyclosporine A, everolimus and prednisone). The hard tissues of rats were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, ICAP 7400 Duo, Thermo Scientific) equipped with a concentric nebulizer and a cyclonic spray chamber. All the immunosuppressive regimens included in the study affected the concentrations of the studied minerals in hard tissues of female rats and their offspring. The therapy based on cyclosporine A, everolimus and prednisone led to a decline in the levels of iron in bone, zinc in teeth, and molybdenum in the bone and teeth of mothers, while in the offspring, it caused a decline of bone potassium, with a decrease in iron and increase of molybdenum in teeth. Moreover, the regimen caused an increase in aluminum and chromium in the teeth and aluminum in the bones of the offspring, and consequently, it seems to be the therapy with the most negative impact on the mineral metabolism in hard tissues.     

On the Need to Distinguish between Insulin-Normal and Insulin-Resistant Patients in Testosterone Therapy

Male hypogonadism is a disorder characterized by low levels of the hormone testosterone and patients may also have insulin sensitivity (IS) or insulin resistance (IR), such that they show different clinical complications and different metabolic pathways. In this review, we compare metabonomic differences observed between these two groups before and after testosterone therapy (TRT) in order to obtain information on whether the two hormones testosterone and insulin are synergistic or antagonistic. IS hypogonadism uses glucose as the main biofuel, while IR activates gluconeogenesis by the degradation of branched-chain amino acids. The Krebs (TCA) cycle is active in IS but connected with glutaminolysis, while in IR the TCA cycle stops at citrate, which is used for lipogenesis. In both cases, the utilization of fatty acids for energy (β-oxidation) is hampered by lower amounts of acetylcarnitine, although it is favored by the absence of insulin in IR. Increased free fatty acids (FFAs) are free in the blood in IS, while they are partially incorporated in triglycerides in IR. Thus, upon TRT, the utilization of glucose is increased more in IS than in IR, revealing that in IR there is a switch from preferential glucose oxidation to lipid oxidation. However, in both cases, a high production of lactate and acetyl-CoA is the final result, with these levels being much higher in IR. Lactate is used in IS in the glucose–lactate cycle between the liver and muscle to produce energy, while in IR lactate and acetyl-CoA are biotransformed into ketone bodies, resulting in ketonuria. In conclusion, the restoration of testosterone values in hypogonadism gives better results in IS than in IR patients: in IS, TRT restores most of the metabolic pathways, while in IR TRT impairs insulin, and when insulin is inactive TRT activates an ancestral molecular mechanism to produce energy. This evidence supports the hypothesis that, over time, hypogonadism switches from IS to IR, and in the latter case most of the insulin-related metabolisms are not reactivated, at least within 60 days of TRT. However, testosterone therapy in both IS and IR might be of benefit given supplementation with metabolites that are not completely restored upon TRT, in order to help restore physiological metabolisms. This review underlines the importance of using a systems biology approach to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of related biochemical pathways involving insulin and testosterone.     

Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Causes Changes in Serotonin-Positive Neurons in the Small Intestine in Pig Model

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter of the central and peripheral nervous systems, predominantly secreted in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the gut. 5-HT is a crucial enteric signaling molecule and is well known for playing a key role in sensory-motor and secretory functions in the gut. Gastroenteropathy is one of the most clinical problems in diabetic patients with frequent episodes of hyperglycemia. Changes in 5-HT expression may mediate gastrointestinal tract disturbances seen in diabetes, such as nausea and diarrhea. Based on the double immunohistochemical staining, this study determined the variability in the population of 5-HT-positive neurons in the porcine small intestinal enteric neurons in the course of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The results show changes in the number of 5-HT-positive neurons in the examined intestinal sections. The greatest changes were observed in the jejunum, particularly within the myenteric plexus. In the ileum, both de novo 5-HT synthesis in the inner submucosal plexus neurons and an increase in the number of neurons in the outer submucosal plexus were noted. The changes observed in the duodenum were also increasing in nature. The results of the current study confirm the previous observations concerning the involvement of 5-HT in inflammatory processes, and an increase in the number of 5-HT -positive neurons may also be a result of increased concentration of the 5-HT in the gastrointestinal tract wall and affects the motor and secretory processes, which are particularly intense in the small intestines.     

Ion-doped hydroxyapatite: An impasse or the road to follow?

Doping hydroxyapatite (HAp) with foreign ions has been increasing in popularity as a chemical approach to augment the existing and impart new properties to it. However, it is uncertain whether this approach can elicit properties strong enough to make HAp competitive for commercial applications in biomedicine and elsewhere. In particular, material properties, such as grain size, morphology, surface charge, porosity, topology and others may prove to be more effective in controlling properties of HAp than the dopant choice and concentration. This study tackles this question through a meta-analysis of the dependence of selected materials properties on dopant concentrations reported across the literature, showing that doping is a convenient way of controlling some, but not all properties in HAp and should be implemented ideally in combination with other structural and compositional factors of influence. This meta-analysis is coupled to a bibliographic analysis of the evolution of trends in terms of the type, frequency and concurrency of dopants in HAp, covering the entire Periodic Table, all 72 elements incorporated into HAp so far and the 1990 – 2019 period split into successive lustra. The study demonstrates a continuously ascending trend in popularity of certain elements, such as Sr, Ce and Se, and a continuously declining trend of others in the past two decades, including F, Y, I, Ti and most lanthanides. For the fourth period transition metals a trend of constancy was observed and for yet other elements, including Ag and Mg, a period of ascent was succeeded by a steady decline, the onset of which coincided in the case of Ag with the peak in the airing of the concerns over its cytotoxicity by the scientific community. Reasons for these trends with respect to most elements are explained and connected with trends governing broader realms of materials science. It is shown that the choice of ions as dopants in HAp is largely driven by broader trends in materials science, rendering the doped HAp a mirror to view these existing and past trends in. Theoretically, by following the historic progression of these trends, a gaze in this mirror could assist in extrapolation of future trends, which normally come at the cost extinguishing some of the existing ones. This immersion in more general developments in materials science opened the path toward drawing connections between the bibliographically assessed geopolitical trends in doped HAp and in broader aspects of the scientific community, including the growing gap between the rich and the poor pervading it. The analysis reported here is conceptually novel and could be applied to numerous other materials.     

220MW热电联产锅炉中痕量元素的迁移及分布特性

本实验在北京某220 MW热电联产锅炉上进行。采用承重撞击器系统对该锅炉SCR前、ESP前以及FGD前的颗粒物进行采集,研究了痕量元素在烟道沿程上的迁移特性,另外,还给出了痕量元素在各固体燃烧产物中的分布。结果表明：ESP前的颗粒物上As、Cd、Cr和Pb的浓度明显高于SCR前的浓度;在从SCR到ESP的过程中,As、Cd、Cr、Pb从气态迁移到固态的质量分别占到了原煤中总质量的26 %、16 %、12 %和11 %;从ESP到FGD的过程中,颗粒物上As与Cd的浓度有略微增加,而Cr和Pb的浓度几乎不变;Mn在三个采样点的浓度几乎一致;绝大部分痕量元素存在于ESP捕获的飞灰中,在ESP出口处,As、Cd、Cr、Pb在<10 μm的四个粒径段上的质量随着粒径的减小而增大,而Mn的质量分布与颗粒物质量分布类似。     

220MW热电联产锅炉中痕量元素的迁移及分布特性

本实验在北京某220 MW热电联产锅炉上进行。采用承重撞击器系统对该锅炉选择性催化还原（SCR）前、电子除尘（ESP）前以及烟气脱硫（FGD）前的颗粒物进行采集,研究了痕量元素在烟道沿程上的迁移特性,另外,还给出了痕量元素在各固体燃烧产物中的分布。结果表明：ESP前的颗粒物上As、Cd、Cr和Pb的浓度明显高于SCR前的浓度;在从SCR到ESP的过程中,As、Cd、Cr、Pb从气态迁移到固态的质量分别占到了原煤中总质量的26%、16%、12%和11%;从ESP到FGD的过程中,颗粒物上As与Cd的浓度有略微增加,而Cr和Pb的浓度几乎不变;Mn在3个采样点的浓度几乎一致;大部分痕量元素存在于ESP捕获的飞灰中,在ESP出口处,As、Cd、Cr、Pb在<10 μm的4个粒径段上的质量随着粒径的减小而增大,而Mn的质量分布与颗粒物质量分布类似。