胶晶模板法制备有序大孔炭材料研究进展

三维有序大孔炭材料（3DOCM）在光子晶体、催化剂载体、生物传感器和电极材料等方面具有潜在的应用前景，SiO2胶晶模板法是制备有序大孔炭材料的有效方法。制备步骤主要包括SiO2模板的组装、炭前驱填充及模板去除。本文综合所查文献，对有序大孔炭材料的制备及应用做了简要介绍。     

高比表面积三维有序大孔炭材料的合成与表征

将粒径为540nm的SiO2胶体微球通过自然沉积组装为胶体晶体模板,以葡萄糖的水溶液为前体填充模板间隙,高温炭化后,以HF溶液溶去模板,得到三维有序大孔炭材料。根据SEM检测,大孔以六方有序的方式排列,其孔径及孔径收缩率分别为510nm和5.6%。大孔之间由小窗口连通,构成内部三维交联的大孔网络。低温N2吸附测试表明,大孔孔壁上存在2～10nm为主的中孔孔隙,同时由于前体的表面复制作用,使样品BET比表面积达到948m2/g。XRD表征显示,所制备的3DOM材料由无序石墨结构的炭质组成。     

三维有序大孔材料的制备及在催化领域的应用

三维有序大孔材料具有均一、有序的大孔结构,制备3DOM材料主要以胶体晶体模板法为主;综述了以胶体晶体模板;技术制备金属、金属氧化物、聚合物、碳材料等各类三维有序大孔材料的方法,从制备和催化应用两方面介绍了三维有序大孔材料的研究进展;评述了三维有序大孔材料多孔结构应用于催化领域的优势,并对其中的不足提出了加以改善的措施.     

模板法制备丰富中孔炭材料的研究进展

综述了中孔炭材料的制备方法，详细介绍了近年来新兴的模板法制备中孔炭材料在国际上的研究进展，并评述了中孔炭材料制备方法的优缺点。模板法制备中孔炭材料，不但能使所得的炭材料孔径均一，且能使其纳米孔道结构排列均匀有序，将具有极大的应用价值。     

三维有序大孔(3DOM)材料的制备与应用

三维有序大孔(3DOM)材料具有孔径均一、排列有序和孔间贯通的独特结构,近年引起广泛关注。介绍了采用胶晶模板法制备3DOM材料的方法,综述了3DOM材料在电极材料、电化学生物传感器、光子晶体和催化化工等领域的研究应用,指出3DOM结构在金属氧化物脱硫领域的巨大优势。     

模板法制备木质素基中孔炭材料研究进展

木质素是3种木质纤维类可再生生物质资源之一,同时是自然界中含量最丰富的芳香类天然高分子聚合物,其含碳量超过50%,是制备炭材料的理想前驱体。中孔炭材料具有比表面积高、孔径大等特点,在医学器件、催化、超级电容器等方面有着广泛的应用,模板法是制备中孔炭材料的常用方法。主要介绍以木质素为碳前驱体通过硬模板法、软模板法以及双模板法制备中孔炭材料并调控孔结构,重点介绍了制备最新进展。     

聚苯乙烯胶晶模板法制备三维有序大孔SiO2材料

以聚苯乙烯微球(polystyrene microsphere)自然沉积形成的胶体晶体作模板,将以正硅酸甲酯制备的SiO2溶胶填充到模板间隙中,原位形成凝胶,最后通过焙烧除去模板,得到三维有序大孔SiO2.通过SEM检测,观察到六方和四方2种有序的大孔排列方式.大孔孔径及孔径收缩率分别为240nm和19%.2种排列中,大孔之间由小窗口连通,构成三维有序大孔结构.XRD显示,制备的3DOM材料由无定形SiO2组成.     

三维有序大孔炭材料的制备及其应用

综述了三维有序大孔(3DOM)炭材料的制备及应用.3DOM炭材料的制备方法主要有胶晶模板法、炭气凝胶法、聚合物热解法,其中胶晶模板法是最有效的方法.还归纳了3DOM炭材料在光子晶体、电极材料、催化剂及催化剂载体、生物材料以及模板等方面的应用研究.     

Bijel模板法构建双连续多孔材料的研究进展

双连续型乳液凝胶(Bijel)是一种新型的具有三维双连续结构的软凝聚态物质。以Bijel作为模板,通过固化连续相中的某一相,可制备具有贯通孔结构的多孔材料。由Bijel模板法制备的多孔材料,孔道均匀、连通、孔径分布范围窄,此外还具有较高的孔隙率和比表面积,可制备孔径范围大(纳米至微米级)。在生物、医学、电化学、膜分离等领域都有广阔的应用空间。本文总结了Bijel的制备方法及其主要的影响因素,重点介绍了近年来以Bijel模板法构建多孔材料的研究进展和基于Bijel模板法构建的多孔材料的应用现状。     

胶体晶体模板法制备三维有序排列的大孔SiO2材料

将粒径为480 nm的聚苯乙烯微球离心组装为胶体晶体模板,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源配制SiO₂溶胶并填充到模板间隙,原位形成凝胶,最后通过焙烧去除模板,得到三维有序大孔（3DOM）SiO₂。通过SEM检测,大孔以六方有序的方式排列,其孔径及孔径收缩率分别为360 nm和25％。大孔之间由小窗口连通,构成内部三维交联的大孔网络。低温N₂吸附测试表明,大孔孔壁上存在中孔孔隙,其中在3～4 nm有一集中的孔分布。XRD显示,制备的3DOM材料由无定形SiO₂组成。     

Preparation and characterization of pore wall‐functionalized three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous syndiotactic polystyrene

A versatile method for the modification of three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) highly syndiotactic polystyrene via chloromethylation at the pore walls has been demonstrated. This was followed by reaction with dimethylamine to establish a versatile approach to functionalization of such macroporous polymers. High syndiotacticity of 3DOM sPS is necessary for maintenance of the morphology of the original ordered pore structure after chloromethylation. The relative content of chloromethyl groups was shown to be 1.89 mmol/g3DOM sPS by TG‐titration. The functionalized 3DOM sPS was characterized by SEM, FT‐IR, and DSC to demonstrate that chloromethylation had occurred at the pore walls and that the dimethylamino moiety had replaced the chlorine atom of the chloromethyl group. DSC examination of the modified polymer indicated that the crystallinity of 3DOM sPS is little affected by functionalization. Thus the excellent properties of sPS are retained by the functionalized material. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

有序介孔碳材料的模板化构筑及水处理应用研究

介孔碳材料是指孔径介于2 nm-50 nm的一类多孔碳材料。有序介孔碳材料，具有比表面积高、孔道结构规则有序、孔径分布狭窄、孔径大小可调控、表面易于修饰等结构特点和高机械强度、强吸附能力、化学惰性等性能特点，在诸多领域得到了广泛应用，特别是其作为新型吸附剂在水处理领域具有广阔的发展前景。有序介孔炭材料的制备方法主要有硬模板法和软模板法。模板和碳源的选择是控制有序介孔碳材料结构和性能的关键因素。本文从有序介孔硅、天然矿物、MOFs材料、嵌段共聚物等不同模板的角度对有序介孔碳、多级有序微/介孔碳、多级有序大/介孔碳的制备方法进行综述，并对有序介孔碳材料在水处理领域的应用进行简单介绍。     

Preparation and characterization of three-dimensional ordered macroporous ZrO2 by two-step templating process

Three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) ZrO₂ materials were prepared by using 3DOM carbon materials as templates and ZrOCl₂ solution as precursor. 3DOM carbon materials were first prepared by using SiO₂ templates and traditional colloidal crystal templating process, then ZrOCl₂ solution used as zirconium source was infiltrated into the structure of 3DOM carbon and solidified. Finally, 3DOM carbon materials were removed through sintering process and 3DOM ZrO₂ materials were obtained. The microstructures of obtained samples were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The final macroporous ZrO₂ could successfully replicate the 3DOM structure of carbon and had less than 5% shrinkage. The result indicates that 3DOM carbon could be efficiently used as two-step templated materials and obtained 3DOM ZrO₂ had a very small shrinkage.     

Transformed in situ fabrication of macroporous carbon network structures from egg membranes and its biomacromolecule adsorption

Novel carbon material with hierarchical porous network structures was made by a method of transformed in situ route based on eggshell membrane (ESM) under inert atmosphere. The structural, physical, and chemical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, and UV–visible. The results showed that materials were crosslinked with fibers in diameters ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 μm to form a network. Furthermore, the ESMs were modified to prepare ordered macroporous materials with average pore size of 1 μm. The macroporous materials were evaluated through the adsorption properties of Pb²⁺ and bovine serum albumin, indicating good selectivity of macromolecules compared with commercial activated carbon. Pore structure analysis indicated that pore size is an important factor on improving the adsorbing macromolecules ability. The materials holding mixed three‐dimensional networks provide favorable transport channels for macromolecules. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

三维有序大孔氧化物催化剂的制备及应用

三维有序大孔氧化物具有均匀有序的大孔孔道、较高的孔容以及骨架组成的多样性等。主要介绍了三维有序大孔氧化物的结构、制备过程及应用进展。详细阐述了单分散微球的制备及改性、胶体晶体模板的制备、前驱体的制备及填充以及胶体晶体模板的去除。简单综述了近年来三维有序大孔氧化物在环境催化、石油化工、光催化及生物催化领域的应用研究,并对未来三维有序大孔氧化物的发展做了总结和展望。     

Macro–mesoporous silicas complex and the carbon replica

Novel macroporous silicas with ordered mesoporous wall structures (15 nm in pore size) have been synthesized by finely balancing the emulsification of the oil phase with the self-assembly of the amphiphilic block copolymers. The nanocasting method was used to produce hierarchically ordered macro–mesoporous carbon materials. These porous materials have potential applications in catalysis, sorption, separation, etc.     

Gaseous infiltration method for preparation of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous polyethylene

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous polyethylenes (3DOM PE) with pore size ranging from 135 nm to 410 nm were prepared using supported catalysts on the surface of silica microsphere as template, followed infiltration of gaseous ethylene and polymerization. The morphology of 3DOM PE was characterized by SEM and the reflectance spectrum was recorded by UV-vis. It is shown that the pores are uniform, flexible and arranged in a highly ordered fashion. Reflectance spectrum of 3DOM PE also provided verification of the uniform nature of the sample. Moreover, the effect of confined space on polymerization was investigated by GPC and DSC. The results indicate that the porous PE possesses higher M_w compared with bulk PE, and exhibits lower melting temperature and crystallinity than those of bulk PE.     

前驱体对合成3DOM SiO2材料微观结构的影响

以自然沉积的聚苯乙烯(PS)胶体晶体为模板,分别以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的醇盐溶液和溶胶溶液为前驱体对PS模板进行填充,通过煅烧除去模板,得到了三维有序大孔(3DOM) SiO2材料.由SEM照片观察发现,当以TEOS的醇盐溶液为前驱体时,获得的3DOM SiO2结构不易控制,缺陷较多.而以TEOS的溶胶溶液为前驱体时获得的3DOM SiO2结构良好,孔径大小均匀,排列整齐,可以看成是PS模板的逆复制,说明前驱体溶液的选择对3DOMSiO2材料的微观结构有显著的影响.XRD分析显示,制备的3DOM SiO2孔壁为无定形结构.