粘结层和预应力对CFRP板加固损伤钢梁抗弯性能的影响

为了对比粘结层和预应力对碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料(CFRP)板加固损伤钢梁抗弯性能的影响,进行了5根H型损伤钢梁的抗弯试验,分析了特征荷载、荷载-挠度曲线、CFRP板应变及其强度利用率的变化。试验结果表明:有粘结和无粘结CFRP板具有相近的加固效果,特征荷载差值小于2%;非预应力CFRP板在正常使用阶段的加固效果很小,而预应力CFRP板加固钢梁的特征荷载比非预应力CFRP板提高了近30%。平截面假定适用于有粘结CFRP板-钢梁复合截面,而不适用于无粘结CFRP板-钢梁复合截面。相比于非预应力CFRP板,对CFRP板施加预应力可以显著提高CFRP板的强度利用率。建立的有限元模型可以较好地预测试件的抗弯性能,增加CFRP板的预应力、厚度和弹性模量可以提高损伤钢梁的抗弯加固效果。      

预应力碳纤维板加固受弯构件的试验研究

传统外部粘贴碳纤维增强复合材料加固技术无法充分发挥材料性能,加固效果有限。预应力碳纤维加固技术可有效解决上述缺陷,成为目前碳纤维加固研究的重点。作者研发了对碳纤维板进行预应力加固的设备,在此基础上进行了8根采用外部粘贴预应力碳纤维板加固的受弯构件的模型试验,研究了预应力碳纤维加固对试件承载力、使用阶段变形、碳纤维应用效率及延性的影响。试验结果表明:预应力碳纤维板加固可显著提高受弯构件开裂及屈服荷载,减小构件使用阶段内的变形,充分利用碳纤维材料性能;通过仔细设计构件延性可满足工程需要。     

预应力钢板箍加固RC短柱抗剪承载力试验研究

进行了9个采用预应力钢板箍(Prestressed Steel Jacket,PSJ)加固的RC短柱试件的单调加载试验。重点研究预应力钢板箍加固RC短柱的抗剪性能和加固构件受剪承载力计算方法。主要试验参数包括箍板预应力度和箍板配置量。试验结果表明:采用预应力钢板箍加固RC短柱可显著改善其受剪性能,不仅可有效提高构件的抗剪承载力,并能使最终出现剪切破坏的加固短柱具有较好的变形能力。在试验研究基础上探讨了预应力箍板加固的受剪机理,分析了各主要参数对加固柱受剪承载力的影响及其规律。分析结果表明:预应力箍板的受剪系数与箍板预应力度和箍板配箍特征值等因素有关。基于叠加方法,提出了箍板受剪系数和加固柱抗剪承载力计算公式,计算结果和试验结果总体吻合良好。研究成果可为预应力钢板箍加固RC柱的抗剪设计提供依据。     

碳纤维布加固已承受荷载的钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究及抗弯承载力计算

进行了6根碳纤维布加固已承受荷载的钢筋混凝土梁和2根对比混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验研究,分析了碳纤维布加固已承受荷载的钢筋混凝土梁的破坏机理,研究了荷载历史对加固梁极限荷载的影响。试验结果表明,粘贴碳纤维布可以有效地提高加固梁的抗弯承载能力。无论荷载历史如何,只要梁承受的初始荷载相同,梁破坏时的极限荷载基本相同。梁端锚固对加固梁的极限荷载影响不明显。根据不同的破坏模式,提出了碳纤维布加固已承受荷载的钢筋混凝土梁的承载力计算方法,给出了工程实用计算公式。     

预应力碳纤维布张拉锚固系统加固混凝土梁研究

为深入研究预应力碳纤维布的加固性能,提出一种新型预应力CFRP布张拉锚固系统.研究新型加固系统的张拉设备、销钉锚具的销钉数量及直径对CFRP布张拉、锚固性能的影响,并利用该张拉锚固系统进行预应力CFRP布加固混凝土梁抗弯性能试验.试验结果表明:与平板锚具相比销钉锚具具有较强的锚固能力,锚固力提高30％;当销钉直径为8 ...     

CFRP板加固含Ⅰ型裂纹混凝土的断裂扩展规律

制作两个含Ⅰ型预制裂缝的混凝土试件并进行三点弯曲试验,在其中一个试件底面粘贴碳纤维板进行加固,以CCD相机为观测系统,用数字散斑技术对混凝土试件预制裂缝尖端的扩展特征、裂缝尖端张开位移及应力强度因子等进行分析,研究了碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)板的加固效果。结果表明:外贴CFRP板加固能增加混凝土的抗弯刚度,显著提高混凝土的抗弯承载力,延缓裂缝开展;在相同荷载作用下,外贴CFRP板加固可以减小试件预制裂缝扩展宽度和距离;外CFRP板加固含Ⅰ型预制裂缝混凝土试件的裂缝尖端应力强度因子增加速度小于相同的未粘贴CFRP板混凝土试件。     

CFRP-钢界面粘结性能试验与数值模拟

碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（CFRP）与钢板的界面粘结性能为CFRP加固钢结构的关键问题之一。开展了17个CFRP板-钢板单搭接试件的拉伸剪切试验,研究了不同环氧粘结剂与CFRP材料的CFRP-钢界面力学行为和破坏模式;分析了粘结剂类型和CFRP材料对界面粘结滑移本构和界面剪切性能的影响,讨论了其承载力计算方法。结果表明：采用不同的粘结剂或CFRP材料,界面破坏形式和抗剪承载力均差异较大。采用Sika 330、Lica粘结剂的试件为CFRP板或钢板与胶层的界面破坏,采用Araldite粘结剂的试件为CFRP板浅表层离,采用Sika 30粘结剂的试件为胶层内聚破坏,采用SF（Sika S512/80）碳板的试件为CFRP板深层层离;Araldite试件的抗剪承载力为其他试件的1.7~2.9倍。Sika 330、Araldite及Lica试件粘结滑移曲线无明显下降段,属脆性破坏,而Sika 30与SF试件存在缓坡下降段,失效前有一定征兆;SF试件的粘结滑移本构可简化为三折线模型,其余试件则可简化为双线性模型。SF试件抗剪承载力需用Xia-a模型表征,其余试件则可用Xia-b模型表征。基于粘聚力模型对界面力学行为进行了数值模拟,结果表明,粘聚力模型可以较好地模拟界面的非线性力学行为,剥离应力对本单搭接试件的界面粘结强度影响很小。     

预应力钢带加固RC框架节点抗震性能试验研究

在对现有节点加固技术分析研究的基础上,该文提出预应力钢带加固RC梁柱节点技术。为验证预应力钢带加固技术的有效性,对4个预应力钢带加固试件和1个未加固试件在水平低周反复荷载作用下的抗震性能进行了试验研究。研究节点核心区钢带间距、邻近核心区的梁端钢带间距和预应力钢带加固位置对加固后节点抗震性能的影响,并对各试件的破坏形态、滞回性能、耗能和延性性能等抗震性能指标进行分析。试验结果表明:预应力钢带能有效抑制节点核心区裂缝的开展,减小节点核心区的剪切变形,提高节点核心区抗剪承载能力,实现破坏位置和破坏形态的改变,加固试件的破坏形态由未加固试件的梁端弯曲－节点剪切破坏变为梁端弯曲破坏,加固后试件的承载力、耗能、延性和刚度退化等抗震性能指标均有明显提高。     

预应力箍板RC柱抗震性能数值模拟及试验验证

为全面了解设置预应力箍板(PSJ)RC柱抗震性能,进一步研究施加横向预应力构件受力机理,建立PSJ-RC柱有限元模型,以剪跨比、轴压比、预应力度以及箍板用量为主要参数,开展弹塑性数值模拟。分析其破坏形态、承载力和变形能力,并进行不同轴压比、预应力度试件的试验验证。设置PSJ能够有效提高试件抗剪承载力,明显改善试件变形能力,尤其对高轴压比柱抗震性能的提高。增加预应力度能提高试件位移延性,预应力度宜控制在0.3―0.5,低于0.15可能导致箍板参与抗剪和横向约束作用降低,箍板配置参数在0.75―1.0能够最大发挥材料效能。设置PSJ能有效提高RC柱抗震性能,施工工艺简单、可行,可供工程实践参考。     

预应力碳纤维布材加固混凝土梁受弯性能非线性分析

根据平截面变形假定,考虑材料的非线性性质,用分级加应变的方法计算预应力碳纤维布加固的混凝土梁的荷载—挠度关系,得到的5根预应力碳纤维加固混凝土梁和4根非预应力加固混凝土梁的荷载-挠度曲线与试验结果吻合较好。并在此力学模型的基础上对预应力碳纤维布加固的受弯构件的二次受力性能进行了非线性分析,研究了碳纤维初始应变、截面高度、预应力大小对被加固梁受弯性能的影响。分析结果表明:预应力可有效发挥碳纤维高强性能,二次受力条件下预应力碳纤维布材的加固效果远好于非预应力碳纤维布材加固,可有效解决构件二次受力应力应变滞后问题。     

预应力FRP加固工程结构技术研究进展

围绕国内外预应力FRP加固技术的研究现状以及最新进展,从预应力FRP加固混凝土结构、预应力FRP加固钢结构、预应力FRP加固中关键技术的研究等方面进行了综述。试验研究表明：预应力FRP加固混凝土能显著提高构件的开裂荷载、屈服荷载和极限荷载,改善受弯构件在长期荷载的力学性能,提高构件的疲劳寿命;预应力CFRP加固钢梁后,其屈服荷载和极限荷载相对于对比梁都有明显的提高,其提高的程度随着预应力CFRP的用量和预应力水平的提高而增大;预应力CFRP加固对钢梁的刚度提高作用也比较明显,对低强度的钢材,提高效果更明显;采用预应力FRP加固工程结构的关键问题在于预应力的施加体系、预应力控制值、预应力损失和端部的锚固。     

预应力FRP加固混凝土结构技术研究与应用

介绍了笔者进行的预应力芳纶纤维布和碳纤维筋加固混凝土结构的一些主要研究成果,内容包括:预应力芳纶纤维布永久锚具的开发;预应力芳纶纤维布的应力松弛损失研究;预应力芳纶纤维布加固混凝土梁的受弯、受剪性能研究;温度对芳纶纤维布配套粘结材料的力学性能影响研究;体外预应力碳纤维筋局部加固混凝土梁的力学性能研究;碳纤维筋预应力粗纤维混凝土梁的抗震性能研究;预应力纤维布加固混凝土结构的工程应用等。     

An experimental investigation on flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP strips using a durable anchorage system

This paper investigates the effectiveness and feasibility of a prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) system for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The proposed prestressing system with a novel anchorage allows the utilization of full capacity of the CFRP strips. Eight small-scale and two large-scale concrete beams strengthened different configuration of prestressed CFRP strips are tested under static loading conditions up to failure. The main parameters considered include the level of prestressing applied, ranging from 20% to 70% of the tensile strength of the CFRP strips, and the use of mechanical anchorages at both ends of the CFRP strips. Thanks to the durable anchorage, the full range of flexural behavior was investigated including post-debonding. The results indicate that the beams strengthened using prestressed CFRP strips exhibited a higher first-cracking, steel-yielding, and experimental nominal moments as the level of prestressing force increased up to a certain point. After analyzing prestress effects in small scale tests, an optimum prestress level for strengthening concrete beams using CFRP strips is proposed and verified in large scale tests.     

Fatigue behavior of RC beams strengthened with prestressed NSM CFRP rods

The fatigue performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams strengthened using NSM CFRP rods was examined in this study. The testing matrix consisted of one un-strengthened beam and four beams strengthened using NSM CFRP rods prestressed to effective strain values of 0, 3260, 6899, and 9177 μ representing 0%, 20.4%, 43.1%, and 57.4% of the CFRP rod ultimate tensile strain, 1.6%. All beams were tested in four-point bending under fatigue conditions representing in-service loading for 3 million cycles at a frequency of 2 Hz. Upper and lower load limits were chosen to induce a stress range of 125 MPa in the tension steel during the first cycle. The fatigue results were compared with experimental test results of identical beams strengthened using prestressed NSM CFRP strips tested under identical fatigue conditions found elsewhere in literature. Test results showed that all strengthened beams experienced deflection increase lower than that of the un-strengthened beam which indicates the efficiency of the strengthening process in reducing the damage accumulation. Also, the percentage deflection increase as well as the stiffness degradation after 3 million cycles are almost the same for all the strengthened beams which indicates that damage accumulation is independent from the prestress level. The groove dimensionality, rather than the CFRP geometry, has a detrimental effect on the bond behavior.     

NSM shear strengthening technique with CFRP laminates applied in high-strength concrete beams with or without pre-cracking

The effectiveness of the near surface mounted (NSM) shear strengthening technique with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates applied in high-strength concrete beams with a certain percentage of existing steel stirrups is assessed by experimental research. In this context, the influence of the following main parameters are investigated: (i) the percentage and the inclination of the CFRP laminates; (ii) the percentage of existing steel stirrups; (iii) the existence of cracks when the reinforced concrete (RC) beams are shear strengthened with NSM CFRP laminates. The results showed that the NSM shear strengthening technique with CFRP laminates is more effective when applied to RC beams of high-strength concrete, not only in terms of increasing the load carrying capacity of the beams, but also in assuring higher mobilization of the tensile properties of the CFRP. Inclined laminates were more effective than vertical laminates and the shear resistance of the beams has increased with the percentage of laminates. Pre-cracked RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP laminates have presented a load carrying capacity similar to that of the homologous uncracked strengthened beams.     

预应力CFRP加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件的抗力概率模型研究

预应力CFRP 加固混凝土结构技术因其在材料性能利用方面的优越性能已成为CFRP 加固的热点方向,其中预应力CFRP 加固结构的可靠性是这一方向研究的重要内容。该文分析了影响预应力CFRP 板加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件承载力的主要变量的概率特征,考虑CFRP 板尺寸效应和应力分布的影响,采用Weibull 分布推导了CFRP 板的极限强度概率分布函数,根据预应力CFRP 张拉工艺,分析了预应力损失随机变量,建立了在不同失效模式(破坏形态)下的受弯构件抗力概率模型,并开展了参数敏感性分析,获得各个失效模式下抗力概率模型的主要影响因素。研究结果表明:抗力概率模型是预应力CFRP 加固结构的失效概率计算与可靠度校准的重要内容之一,各参数的影响规律与各失效模式的破坏形式密切相关。     

Near surface mounted CFRP laminates for shear strengthening of concrete beams

A Near Surface Mounted (NSM) strengthening technique was developed to increase the shear resistance of concrete beams. The NSM technique is based on fixing, by epoxy adhesive, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates into pre-cut slits opened in the concrete cover of lateral surfaces of the beams. To assess the efficacy of this technique, an experimental program of four-point bending tests was carried out with reinforced concrete beams failing in shear. Each of the four tested series was composed of five beams: without any shear reinforcement; reinforced with steel stirrups; strengthened with strips of wet lay-up CFRP sheets, applied according to the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) technique; and two beams strengthened with NSM precured laminates of CFRP, one of them with laminates positioned at 90° and the other with laminates positioned at 45° in relation to the beam axis. Influences of the laminate inclination, beam depth and longitudinal tensile steel reinforcement ratio on the efficacy of the strengthening techniques were analyzed. Amongst the CFRP strengthening techniques, the NSM with laminates at 45° was the most effective, not only in terms of increasing beam shear resistance but also in assuring larger deformation capacity at beam failure. The NSM was also faster and easier to apply than the EBR technique. The performance of the ACI and fib analytical formulations for the EBR shear strengthening was appraised. In general, the contribution of the CFRP systems predicted by the analytical formulations was slightly larger than the values registered experimentally. Performance of the formulation by Nanni et al. for NSM strengthening technique was also appraised. Using bond stress and CFRP effective strain values obtained in pullout bending tests with NSM CFRP laminate system, the formulation by Nanni et al. predicted a contribution of this CFRP system for the beam shear resistance of 72% the experimentally recorded values.     

Efficacy of CFRP-based techniques for the flexural and shear strengthening of concrete beams

Near surface mounted (NSM) and externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) strengthening techniques are based on the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials and have been used for the structural rehabilitation of concrete structures. In the present work, the efficacies of the NSM and EBR techniques for the flexural and shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams are compared carrying out two experimental groups of tests. For the flexural strengthening, the efficacy of applying CFRP laminates according to NSM is compared to those resulting from applying CFRP laminates and wet lay-up CFRP sheets according to EBR technique. The influences of the equivalent reinforcement ratio (steel and laminates) and spacing of the laminates on the efficiency of the NSM technique for the flexural strengthening is also investigated. A numerical strategy is implemented to analyze the applicability of the FRP effective strain concept, proposed by ACI and fib in the design of FRP systems for the flexural strengthening. To assess the efficacy of the NSM technique for the shear strengthening of concrete beams, four beam series of distinct depth and longitudinal tensile steel reinforcement ratio are tested. Each series is composed of one beam without any shear reinforcement and one beam using the following shear reinforcing systems: conventional steel stirrups; strips of wet lay-up CFRP sheet of U configuration applied according to EBR technique; and laminates of CFRP embedded into vertical or inclined (45°) pre-cut slits on the concrete cover of the beam lateral faces, according to the NSM technique. Using the obtained experimental results, the performance of the analytical formulations proposed by ACI, fib and Italian guidelines is appraised.