非制冷红外FPA结构设计及物理特性有限元模拟

提出了一种薄膜式镂空双材料单层膜微悬臂梁结构的非制冷红外焦平面成像阵列(FPA,FocalPlateArray)。通过测量热膨胀系数相差较大的两种材料构成的悬臂梁受到红外辐射后的热形变分布,得到红外源的温度分布,从而实现在基于光力效应的光学读出系统中成像的目的。利用解析法建立了单层膜悬臂梁结构的热机械模型,用有限元软件对其优化参数下的热学性能和耦合特性进行了有限元的计算机模拟与分析。模拟热机械灵敏度结果为2.49×10-4deg/K,与热机械模型预测结果基本一致,为FPA的结构设计提供了有效的参数依据。     

索-梁耦合系统非线性振动分析

研究了在惯性参考系中弹性斜拉索与悬臂梁耦合结构的非线性振动问题,利用Hamilton原理建立了索-梁耦合系统的非线性动力学方程,利用Galerkin方法将索-梁耦合系统的非线性运动偏微分方程离散为一组常微分方程,然后利用多尺度法分析研究索-梁耦合动力学系统的非线性振动,用Runge-Kutta法对数学模型进行数值计算,同时探讨了各种参数对索-梁耦合系统非线性振动的影响,并提出对工程有实际意义的结论.     

星形节点周期性蜂窝结构的面内动力学响应特性研究

利用显式动力有限元法数值研究了冲击载荷下星形节点周期性蜂窝结构的面内冲击动力学响应特性。在保证各胞元壁长不变的前提下,通过改变胞壁厚度、内凹箭头节点间夹角和韧带长度等微结构参数,首先建立了星形节点周期性蜂窝结构的有限元模型。在此基础上,讨论了冲击速度和微结构参数对星形蜂窝材料的宏/微观变形、密实应变和动态冲击强度的影响。结果表明,由于胞壁受膜力和弯矩的耦合作用,在中、低速冲击载荷下,试件表现出负泊松比材料在轴向压缩时的"颈缩"现象。基于能量效率法和一维冲击波理论,给出了星形蜂窝结构密实应变和动态平台应力的经验公式,以预测多胞材料的动态承载能力。该研究将为拉胀多胞材料冲击动力学性能的多目标优化设计提供新的设计思路。     

功能梯度形状记忆合金复合梁的力学行为

功能梯度形状记忆合金（Functionally graded shape memory alloy,FGSMA）兼具功能梯度材料和形状记忆合金材料的双重特性,广泛应用于微机电、航空航天等工程领域。为研究FGSMA复合梁的弯曲行为,本文对形状记忆合金（SMA）力学本构方程进行简化处理,并根据复合材料层合板理论建立了FGSMA复合梁的力学模型,据此研究了SMA体积分数沿厚度方向呈线性变化的FGSMA悬臂梁内SMA纤维铺设角度对悬臂梁横截面应变、中面轴向位移、中性面高度和相变层高度的影响以及悬臂梁中面应变、曲率、SMA马氏体相变临界层高度和中性面高度随弯矩载荷的变化规律。研究结果表明:在弯矩载荷作用下,悬臂梁中性面位置与中面位置不重合,且悬臂梁上下层SMA马氏体相变临界层位置不对称;截面轴向应变绝对值随铺设角度增大而增大,截面纵向应变绝对值随铺设角度增大先增大后减小,中面轴向位移随铺设角度增大先增大后减小;随着铺设角度增大,悬臂梁中性面高度逐渐增大,拉伸状态下相变结束临界层高度先减小后增大,压缩状态的趋势相反;随着弯矩载荷绝对值逐渐增大,中性面位置高度表现出先稳定后减小然后逐渐增大的趋势,相变临界层逐渐向中性面位置靠拢;中面正应变和挠曲率随着弯矩载荷绝对值逐渐增大而发生变化,且变化率先增大后减缓。      

确定Kelvin模型粘弹性材料参数的一种实验方法

从Kelvin模型和Euler-bernoulli梁理论出发，利用弹性-粘弹性相应原理和弹性材料动力学理泠得出粘弹性梁的动力学方程。利用中心差分法分析了粘弹性材料悬臂梁的动态函数。根据振动特性，将材料参数与梁应变响应周期及振幅衰减相联系；利用这种联系，提出了测定Kelvin模型粘弹性材料参数的一种简单实验方法；分别取不同长度的橡胶悬臂梁进行了相应的实验，测出了材料的剪切模量和粘性系数；分析实验结果，得出一些有益的结论。     

充气膜结构零应力态求解

充气膜结构分析全过程包括9个状态和7个分析过程,零应力态是结构分析与设计的基础,将结构数值分析态和实际物理态有机联系起来。该文首次提出了一种从弹性平衡态到零应力态的逆解析数值分析方法,非线性协调矩阵广义逆法。首先,用膜线单元模拟膜面,将膜结构转化成为网格结构,由弹性平衡态预张力和材料参数,计算膜线无应力长度和伸长量;然后,基于杆系结构平衡矩阵理论和小变形假定,建立体系的协调方程,由协调矩阵M-P广义逆求解节点位移,逆向叠加求出新状态位形。根据新位形计算膜线张力向量和节点不平衡力向量,迭代求解零应力态。根据该算法,用MATLAB编制了计算程序。算例分析验证了该方法的正确性和高效性。该文对充气膜结构设计具有重要理论意义和实际指导价值。     

三维机织复合材料多尺度黏弹性分析

建立了一种三维机织复合材料多尺度的黏弹性分析模型。首先构造了微观尺度纱线束胞元和细观尺度复合材料周期结构胞元两级有限元模型, 由微观尺度胞元分析得到纱线束的弹性常数, 再代入细观尺度胞元计算出复合材料的平均弹性常数。两级胞元模型均施加周期边界条件, 保证了胞元边界上位移和应力满足周期性和连续性。随后分别建立了树脂基体和浸润树脂纱线束的蠕变模型, 用实验标定树脂的蠕变参数, 代入微观尺度胞元进行蠕变计算来修正纱线束蠕变模型的参数。最后将树脂和纱线束的蠕变本构关系应用于细观尺度胞元, 得到材料宏观平均的应力-应变响应, 模拟了三维机织复合材料的蠕变实验曲线。本文模型对于该种复合材料弹性常数和蠕变性能的预测, 均与实验吻合。      

二维二轴1×1编织复合材料细观结构模型及力学性能有限元分析

考虑纤维束相互挤压及横截面形状变化, 采用纤维束截面六边形假设, 建立了二维二轴1×1编织复合材料的参数化单胞结构模型。通过引入周期性位移边界条件, 基于细观有限元方法, 对编织材料的弹性性能进行预测, 讨论了编织角及纤维体积含量对面内弹性常数的影响, 并分析了典型载荷下单胞细观应力场分布。研究表明: 单胞结构模型有效反映了纤维束的空间构型和交织特征, 实现了不同编织工艺参数下模型的快速建立; 基于单胞有限元模型的弹性性能预测结果与试验结果较为吻合; 模型给出了单胞合理的应力场分布, 为二维编织复合材料的结构优化和损伤预测奠定基础。      

内外共振联合作用下索－梁组合结构非线性振动分析

研究内共振和外共振联合作用下的索－梁组合结构非线性振动问题。利用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理推导索－梁组合结构非线性动力学方程,同时考虑索的垂度以及由梁和索之间模态耦合引起的非线性影响。利用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法将索－梁组合结构非线性运动偏微分方程离散为一组常微分方程。最后对数学模型进行数值计算,得到了不同内外共振联合作用下梁和索的模态时程曲线。研究表明,梁的稳态运动呈现周期性振荡,而索在不同的内外共振联合作用下,分别呈现出混沌或周期性振荡,并且索和梁之间持续的模态交替现象只能在特定的内外共振下出现。     

非完全覆盖双层微梁谐振器热弹性阻尼建模

热弹性阻尼是决定微机械谐振器品质因子上限的关键参数之一。以往热弹性阻尼解析解只适用于完全覆盖多层微梁结构。由于制造工艺和实际功能需求，非完全覆盖双层梁为代表的复杂结构形式更普遍。基于傅里叶传热定律，推导出非完全覆盖双层微梁谐振器热弹性阻尼的解析解。同时利用数值方法和实验验证了该解析解的有效性。并分析了镀层厚度、长度和位置对热弹性阻尼的影响。     

Hybrid lattice particle modeling: Theoretical considerations for a 2D elastic spring network for dynamic fracture simulations

A new hybrid lattice particle modeling (HLPM) scheme is proposed. The particle–particle interaction is derived from lattice modeling (LM) theory, whereas the computational scheme follows particle modeling (PM) technique. The newly proposed HLPM considers different particle interaction schemes, involving not only particles in the nearest neighborhood, but also the second nearest neighborhood. Different mesh structures with triangular or rectangular unit cells can be used. The current paper is concerned with the mathematical derivations of elastic interaction between contiguous particles in 2D lattice networks, accounting for different types of linkage mechanism and different shapes of lattice. Axial (α) and combined axial-angular (α − β) models are considered. Derivations are based on the equivalence of strain energy stored in a unit cell with its associated continuum structure in the case of in-plane elasticity. Conventional PM technique was restricted to a fixed Poisson’s ratio and had a strong bias in crack propagation direction, as a result of the geometry of the adopted lattice network. The current HLPM is free from the above-mentioned deficiencies and can be applied to a wide range of impact and dynamic fracture failure problems. Although the current analysis is based on the linear elastic spring model, inelastic considerations can be easily implemented, as HLPM has the same force interaction scheme as PM, based on the Lennard–Jones potential.     

不同浓度Cu掺杂SnO2材料电学和力学性质的研究

为研究Cu掺入对SnO_2性能的影响,本文采用密度泛函理论和平面波赝势法,建立了未掺杂SnO_2和不同比例Cu掺杂的SnO_2晶胞模型,对Sn_(1-x)Cu_xO_2(x=0、0.083、0.125、0.167、0.25、0.5)超晶胞体系进行优化计算、能量计算和弹性模量计算,得到晶格常数、弹性模量、电荷分布、能带结构和态密度图.研究表明:掺杂能够使得材料的弹性模量大幅减小,对应的硬化函数值降低,易于材料加工;在电性质方面,掺杂后,材料均属于直接带隙半导体材料.当x0.25时,由于掺杂浓度过高使得晶格发生畸变,电性质与未掺杂情况类似;当x0.25时,随着掺杂浓度的降低,导带收缩加剧,局域性增强,禁带宽度变窄,使得电子从价带受激跃迁所需能量降低,故掺杂后材料表现出半金属性,导电性增强.     

c-AIN的生长对AIN/(Ti,Al)N纳米多层膜力学性能的影响

采用反应磁控溅射制备了具有不同调制周期的AIN/(Ti,Al)N纳米多层膜,研究了亚稳相立方氮化铝(c-AIN)在纳米多层膜中的生长条件及其对薄膜力学性能的影响。结果表明:在小调制周期下AIN以立方结构存在,并与(Ti,Al)N层形成同结构共格外延生长,使纳米多层膜产生较大的晶格畸变。与此相应,AIN/(Ti,Al)N纳米多层膜硬度和弹性模量随调制周期的减小呈单凋上升的趋势,当调制周期小于8～10 nm时其增速明显增大,并在调制周期为1.3 nm时达到最高硬度29.0GPa和最高弹性模量383 GPa.AIN/(Ti,Al)N纳米多层膜的硬度和弹性模量在小调制周期时的升高与亚稳相c-AIN的产生并和(Ti,Al)N形成共格结构有关。     

Structural,elastic, and lattice dynamical properties of Germanium diiodide (GeI2)

To investigate the structural, elastic, and lattice dynamical properties of the germanium diiodide, we have performed the first-principles calculations by using the local density approximation method based on density-functional theory. Some basic physical parameters such as lattice constant, bulk modulus and its first derivatives, elastic constants, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio are calculated. The phonon dispersion curves, electronic band-structures, and total and partial density of states have also been calculated for ground state C6 phase of GeI₂. Our results show that this structure has got 1.72 eV direct band gap. Our secondary results on the temperature-dependent behavior of thermodynamical properties such as entropy, heat capacity, internal energy, and free energy are also presented for the same compounds. The obtained results are in good agreement with the available experimental and other theoretical data.     

选区激光熔化成形的316L不锈钢点阵夹层结构的力学性能和能量吸收性能研究

目的 以选区激光熔化（SLM）成形的316L不锈钢点阵夹层结构为研究对象,研究单一、混合芯层对点阵夹层结构力学性能和能量吸收性能的影响,为轻质高强耐撞点阵夹层结构提供设计依据。方法 通过SLM成形技术,以316L不锈钢粉末为原材料,制备点阵夹层结构,利用扫描电镜对SLM成形的点阵夹层结构几何结构特征进行观察,利用准静态压缩实验对点阵夹层结构的力学性能和能量吸收性能进行研究。结果 在选定的SLM成形工艺参数下,SLM成形的点阵夹层结构芯层的连接杆表面存在一定的粗糙度且斜向连接杆的表面粗糙度比竖直连接杆的表面粗糙度大。在SLM成形的点阵夹层结构中,混合点阵夹层结构BFB和FBF的弹性模量分别为2 525.7 MPa和2 493.8 MPa,屈服强度分别为36.3 MPa和38.3 MPa,能量吸收分别为16 J和17.2 J,比吸能分别为1.21 J/g和1.36 J/g,其弹性模量、屈服强度、能量吸收和比吸能均优于单一BCCZ点阵夹层结构的。在准静态压缩过程中,BFB和FBF这2种混合点阵结构芯层的变形模式不同于单一BCCZ点阵结构芯层的。结论 与单一点阵夹层结构相比,2层BCCZ布置在...     

Numerical study on load-bearing capabilities of beam-like lattice structures with three different unit cells

The design and analysis of lattice structures manufactured using additive manufacturing technique is a new approach to create lightweight high-strength components. However, it is difficult for engineers to choose the proper unit cell for a certain function structure and loading case. In this paper, three beam-like lattice structures with triangular prism, square prism and hexagonal prism were designed, manufactured by SLM process using AlSi10Mg and tested. The mechanical performances of lattice structures with equal relative density, equal base area and height, and equal length for all unit cells were conducted by finite element analysis (FEA). It was found that effective Young’s modulus is proportional to relative density, but with different affecting levels. When the lattice structures are designed with the same relative density or the same side lengths, the effective Young’s modulus of lattice structure with triangular prism exhibits the maximum value for both cases. When the lattice structures are designed with the same base areas for all unit cells, the effective Young’s modulus of lattice structures with square prism presents the maximum. FEA results also show that the maximum stress of lattice structures with triangular prisms in each comparison is at the lowest level and the stiffness-to-mass ratio remains at the maximum value, showing the overwhelming advantages in terms of mechanical strength. The excellent agreements between numerical results and experimental tests reveal the validity of FEA methods applied. The results in this work provide an explicit guideline to fabricate beam-like lattice structures with the best tensile and bending capabilities.     

First principles predictions on mechanical and physical properties of HoX (X = As,P)

In this study, the calculated results of the structural, electronic, elastic, lattice dynamic, and thermodynamic properties of HoX (X = As, P) in rocksalt structure (B1) are presented. Ab initio calculations were performed based on density-functional theory using the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP). Calculated structural parameters, such as the lattice constant, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, cohesive energy, second-order elastic constants, electronic band structures and related total and partial density of states, Zener anisotropy factor, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and isotropic shear modulus are presented. In order to gain further information, we investigated the pressure and temperature dependent behavior of the volume, bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacity, entropy, Debye temperature, and Grüneisen parameter over a pressure range of 0–32 GPa and a wide temperature range of 0–2000 K. The phonon frequencies and one-phonon density of states are also presented.     

The structural and mechanical properties of CdN compound: A first principles study

First principles calculations are performed to investigate the structural, elastic, and mechanical properties of CdN for various structures: NaCI, CsCl, ZnS, wurtzite, WC, CdTe, NiAs, and CuS. The local density and generalized gradient approximations are used for modeling exchange–correlation effects. Our calculations indicate that CuS (B18) structure is energetically the most stable among the considered structures. The some basic physical properties such as lattice parameters, bulk modulus, and second-order elastic constants are calculated. We have also predicted the shear modulus, Young’s modulus, Poison’s ratio, Debye temperature, and sound velocities. Our structural and some other results are consistent with the available theoretical data.     

High-Entropy Coatings—Structure and Properties

Metal and nitride coatings of high-entropy alloys (HEA) having different phase compositions produced by different methods were investigated. It is shown that for the high-entropy coatings is characteristic the presence of the nanostructured state, which in parallel with the cluster structure provides hardness for metal coatings ~ 10–19 GPa; for nitride coatings are characteristic 50–60 GPa and the modulus of inelastic buckling more than 300 MPa. The relation of the lattice parameters, which are defined experimentally, to the parameter of the lattice of the most refractory metal in the HEA reflects the level of the elastic modulus relative to the theoretically possible both in the cast HEA and in metal coatings on their base.     

以第一性原理研究立方相CeO2的弹性、电子结构和光学性质

运用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)框架下的超软赝势平面波(USPP)方法,计算了立方相CeO2的几何结构、弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质,并采用HSE06杂化泛函矫正了带隙.所得晶格参数及体模量与先前文献报道数据基本吻合.计算出了二阶弹性常数及德拜温度值,并给出了能带结构、态密度、差分电荷密度的分布情况.最后,为了阐明CeO2的光学跃迁机制,计算并分析了其复介电常数、折射率、吸附光谱、反射光谱等光学性质.