火灾后型钢混凝土柱剩余承载力数值模拟分析

利用MSC.MARC软件对火灾后型钢混凝土柱的截面温度场及剩余承载力进行了模拟分析,数值分析结果得到了试验验证。考虑混凝土强度、长细比、含钢率、荷载偏心率、受火时间等参数,利用MSC.MARC软件对ISO834标准火灾作用后型钢混凝土柱剩余承载力进行了进一步计算。计算结果表明,经历ISO834标准火灾作用后,型钢混凝土柱的极限承载力显著降低,在该文参数范围内,承载力降低幅度在8.5%~45.3%变化。定义火灾作用后型钢混凝土柱剩余承载力与常温下型钢混凝土柱极限承载力的比值k为火灾后型钢混凝土柱剩余承载力影响系数。数值模拟分析结果表明,混凝土强度、截面含钢率、受火时间对k值的影响较大,而长细比、偏心率对k值的影响相对较小。在数值计算结果基础上,通过回归分析的方法得到了火灾后型钢混凝土柱剩余承载力影响系数k的简化计算公式,公式计算结果与数值模拟分析结果符合较好。     

火灾后钢筋混凝土柱的剩余承载力研究

对ISO834标准火灾作用后钢筋混凝土柱的剩余承载性能及方形柱剩余承载力的实用计算方法进行了研究。结合高温后混凝土和钢筋的本构模型及虚梁法,建立了火灾作用后钢筋混凝土柱剩余承载力的数值分析模型,并编制了相应的程序CAFIRE,程序考虑了轴力的二阶效应。利用程序分析了相关参数对标准火灾作用后钢筋混凝土方形柱剩余承载力的影响规律。针对不同受火时间、计算长度、截面尺寸、荷载偏心率、配筋率和荷载角等情况,共进行了2700种工况下钢筋混凝土方形柱剩余承载力分析。在计算结果的基础上,定量给出了标准火灾作用后钢筋混凝土方形柱剩余承载力的实用计算方法。最后利用程序比较了不同受火时间后相同横截面面积、相同配筋率、不同截面形状混凝土柱的剩余承载力。     

标准火灾作用后矩形钢管混凝土柱剩余承载力的研究

通过对6个矩形截面钢管混凝土柱按ISO-834标准升温曲线升温作用后的试验，研究火灾作用后矩形钢管混凝土柱的力学性能和剩余承载力。结果表明，在本次试验参数范围内，火灾后裸钢管混凝土柱的承载力损失严重。在确定了钢材和混凝土在高温作用后应力~应变关系模型的基础上，本文计算了火灾作用后矩形钢管混凝土压弯构件荷载~变形关系曲线，理论计算结果得到试验结果的验证。在分析了各参数，如火灾持续时间、构件截面含钢率、钢材种类、混凝土强度等级、荷载偏心率、构件长细比、截面高宽比和构件截面尺寸等影响的基础上，本文提出火灾作用后矩形钢管混凝土柱承载力实用计算方法。     

混杂纤维自密实混凝土简支梁高温后剩余承载力试验与计算

近年来建筑火灾频发,而随着自密实混凝土在建筑工程中的广泛应用,开展自密实混凝土以及纤维自密实混凝土抗火性能的研究已变得尤为重要。针对自密实混凝土的抗火功能,研究了钢纤维、结构性PP纤维以及细PP纤维对高温作用后自密实混凝土简支梁剩余承载力的影响,并推导了一种考虑混杂纤维作用的简支梁高温后抗弯承载力计算模型,以期通过对纤维自密实混凝土构件高温后剩余承载力的量化与预测,为火灾后结构的维修和加固提供参考与依据。     

火灾后混凝土框架的整体抗震性能分析

本文利用考虑轴向力效应的高精度梁单元,和火混凝土构件的残余刚度,对火灾后混凝土框架结构进行抗震性能分析。可为灾后结构的鉴定和加固设计提供依据。     

火灾后型钢混凝土框架结构力学性能试验研究及分析

考虑受火时间、荷载比等参数的影响,对火灾后型钢混凝土框架结构的破坏形态、变形性能以及剩余承载力等火灾后性能进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:火灾后型钢混凝土框架梁出现3个塑性铰而破坏,梁端弯剪变形明显,剪压区混凝土均出现部分脱落。随着受火时间的增加,型钢混凝土框架的剩余承载力逐渐减小。同时,建立了考虑升降温及火灾后全过程的火灾后型钢混凝土框架力学性能分析模型。计算结果与试验结果对比表明,二者吻合较好。可见,提出的模型是正确的。     

受火后方钢管钢筋混凝土短柱剩余承载力研究

为研究方钢管钢筋混凝土轴压短柱火灾后的剩余承载力,设计并制作18根在核心混凝土中配置纵向受力钢筋的方钢管钢筋混凝土短柱进行明火试验和承载力试验,观察试件经历火灾后的破坏形态,获取柱的极限承载力等指标。在ISO 834标准升降温曲线作用下,基于ABAQUS有限元软件建立方钢管钢筋混凝土轴压短柱温度场和火灾后力学场分析模型,分析结果得到试验结果的验证,在此基础上,利用该模型对影响方钢管钢筋混凝土轴压短柱火灾后剩余承载力的参数进行了分析。试验结果表明:受火后的方钢管钢筋混凝土短柱承载力有一定程度折减,但仍具有较高的承载能力;配置纵向钢筋对核心混凝土起到更好地约束作用,配筋率的增大对于受火后试件极限承载力的提高作用明显;影响方钢管钢筋混凝土轴压短柱火灾后剩余承载力的主要因素是升温时间和构件截面尺寸;在常用参数范围内,回归方钢管钢筋混凝土短柱火灾后剩余承载力实用计算式。     

受火后混凝土框架基于纤维模型的软件开发与试验验证

为了对受火后混凝土框架的残余力学性能进行有效准确的数值模拟,该文基于纤维单元模型和分层壳单元模型的思路,以ABAQUS通用有限元软件为开发平台,利用Python脚本语言对其进行二次开发,建立了混凝土框架火灾受损分析系统（简称ASFCF系统）。为了验证该系统,设计了2个相同尺寸的带楼板的单层单跨空间混凝土框架,一个进行火灾试验（称为火后框架）,一个不进行火灾试验（称为常温框架）,对这两个框架中的各个梁、板构件按顺序依次进行静载破坏试验;利用ASFCF系统对两个框架分别进行非线性有限元分析,将火后框架与常温框架各个构件的模拟计算结果与试验实测数据进行对比,结果表明:二者的吻合度较高,误差均在可接受的范围之内,说明采用纤维单元模型和分层壳单元模型模拟火灾后框架结构中的梁、柱和楼板是合理有效的,采用ASFCF系统对混凝土框架进行高温后热力耦合分析的计算结果准确、可信,能够较好地用于受火后混凝土框架残余承载力的计算和评估中。     

某超高层混凝土结构火灾作用下的力学响应分析

火灾是高层建筑安全的主要威胁之一。建筑物在火灾作用下的力学响应是整体结构的行为,其主要特点是结构系统内受火区域子结构的刚度和承载力随火灾的发展而变化,进而引起结构体系内的内力重分布。目前,针对高层结构构件的抗火性能已有相关研究开展,而对于高层混凝土结构的整体抗火性能方面的研究还并不多见。该文采用考虑高温作用的纤维梁和分层壳模型,对某超高层建筑结构进行了整体结构的抗火分析。通过模拟超高层结构不同部位在标准升温曲线作用下的整体结构响应,比较分析了火灾作用下超高层结构的抗火性能。最后,采用Pushdown方法分析了火灾作用下结构的抗倒塌性能。     

火灾损伤混凝土受弯构件截面温度场及剩余承载力的计算方法

火灾中混凝土构件截面上的温度分布，即温度场的计算是剩余承载能力计算中的一个关键内容，一俟截面温度场求出，再根据材料的强度－温度试验曲线即可求得截面上各点材料剩余强度；然后用积分求得整个截面的剩余承载能力，本文综合了热工理论，混凝土学及计算传热学的有关内容，从热传导方和出发，采用差与有限元结合的混合方法，先计算截面温度场，再求剩余承载能力，整个过程编制了电算程度，且以三面受火的混凝土梁为例，进行实例     

Estimation of the Residual Stiffness of Fire-Damaged Concrete Members

The residual stiffness of concrete member after fire is a very important parameter of the load-bearing ability and seismic performance of fire-damaged concrete structures. It is also one of the most important criteria for repairing and reinforcing the fire-damaged concrete structures. Based on the equivalent elastic modulus method, improved segment model method and parameter inversion method developed in this paper, the residual stiffness of concrete members exposed to standard fire is calculated and the effects of fire duration, steel ratio and section size on the stiffness are also presented in detail. The results show that these three methods can easily and effectively estimate the residual stiffness of fire-damaged concrete members. These methods and their findings can be useful for designing and assessing the fire resistance of concrete structures.     

火灾后混凝土连续板剩余承载力试验研究及理论分析

为了研究火灾蔓延作用对混凝土灾后连续板力学性能影响,对4块灾后连续板进行承载力试验,研究了火灾蔓延工况、配筋率和配筋方式等对灾后板变形、混凝土和钢筋应变和破坏模式等影响规律;此外,考虑竖向剪切力影响,提出混凝土双向板拉压薄膜效应区域计算方法,建立灾后板极限承载力计算方法;采用不同理论,对灾后连续板各跨承载力进行对比分析...     

火灾后型钢混凝土柱加固试验研究

通过火灾后碳纤维布和外包角钢加固型钢混凝土柱的静力加载试验及常温与火灾后未加固试件的对比试验,研究了碳纤维布和外包角钢加固对火灾后型钢混凝土柱承载力与刚度的修复效果。试验结果表明:火灾后经碳纤维布和外包角钢加固后,型钢混凝土柱破坏时变形发展更充分、延性更好。碳纤维布加固,能在一定程度上提高火灾后型钢混凝土柱的承载力,但对火灾后型钢混凝土柱刚度的修复效果不明显。外包钢加固对火灾后型钢混凝土柱承载力的修复效果比碳纤维布加固更加显著,能将火灾后型钢混凝土柱的承载力修复至常温未受火以前的水平,但外包钢加固也仅对火灾后长细比较大的试件的刚度有一定的提高作用,对长细比较小的试件的刚度修复效果不明显。     

部分预制装配型钢混凝土柱火灾后偏压试验研究

通过6个试件的火灾后偏压试验以及1个试件的常温下偏压试验,对配置活性粉末混凝土外壳的部分预制装配型钢混凝土（Partially Precast Steel Reinforced Concrete,PPSRC）柱和空心预制装配型钢混凝土（HollowPrecast Steel Reinforced Concrete,HPSRC）柱的火灾及火灾后偏压性能进行了对比分析。研究了受火时间、偏心率和核心混凝土强度对PPSRC柱及HPSRC柱的火灾下内部温度分布及火灾后剩余承载力、变形能力等方面的影响,并基于试验结构,对火灾下试件截面温度场进行了数值模拟分析。试验结果表明:火灾升温过程中试件截面测点温度存在明显的温度平台,火灾后试件的活性粉末混凝土外壳未发生爆裂现象,混凝土对型钢具有较好保护作用;模拟结果表明,截面温度及温度变化幅度由表及里逐渐降低,核心混凝土受到良好保护作用,温度相对较低;在偏压荷载下,火灾后试件的偏心受压破坏过程以及破坏形态和常温下类似,剩余承载力随火灾升温时间的增长和偏心率的增大而降低,随核心混凝土强度的增大而升高,试件的延性随核心混凝土的强度增大而增大。     

The applicability of sonreb method on damaged concrete

In damaged structures, a knowledge of the value of the residual concrete strength is needed as a basis for the decision of reconstructing or repairing and for the design of the repair project. In this work, the limits of applicability of the Sonreb method, a combination of the ultrasonic pulse velocity and the Schmidt index measurement, in the detection of damage caused by high temperatures and chemical attack byammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate is discussed. It is concluded that the Sonreb method can be used in assessing the fire-damaged concretes after making a classification of the degree of damage, the duration and the temperature of exposure to fire. In the case of chemical attack, a knowledge is required as to the duration of exposure and the prevailing process of corrosion.     

Tensile and Compressive Properties of FRP Composites with Localised Fire Damage

The effect of localised fire damage on the tensile and compressive properties of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is investigated. A simple model based on rule-of-mixtures is presented for determining reductions to the tensile stiffness, tensile strength, compressive stiffness and compressive strength of composite panels with localised fire damage of any shape and size. The validity of the model is rigorously tested against experimental tension and compression property data for a glass/polyester composite with localised fire damage in the shape of a circle, oval, square, diamond or in a irregular shape. The model is found to accurately predict the tension and compression properties of composites with localised fire damage of any shape, and is expected to be a useful model for estimating the residual structural integrity of fire-damaged composite panels.     

Application of petrographic examination techniques to the assessment of fire-damaged concrete and masonry structures

The number of building fires has doubled over the last 50 years. There has never been a greater need for structures to be assessed for fire damage to ensure safety and enable appropriate repairs to be planned. Fortunately, even after a severe fire, concrete and masonry structures are generally capable of being repaired rather than demolished.By allowing direct examination of microcracking and mineralogical changes, petrographic examination has become widely used to determine the depth of fire damage for reinforced concrete elements. Petrographic examination can also be applied to fire-damaged masonry structures built of materials such as stone, brick and mortar. Petrography can ensure accurate detection of damaged geomaterials, which provides cost savings during building repair and increased safety reassurance.This paper comprises a review of the role of petrography in fire damage assessments, drawing on a range of actual fire damage investigations.     

Experimental study on dynamic behaviours of concrete after exposure to high temperatures up to 700 °C

A Split Hopkinson pressure bar were used to experimentally study the dynamic behaviours of normal-strength concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures up to 700 °C. The dynamic strength and stress–strain relation curves of fire-damaged concrete were measured to unveil the effects of high temperature and strain rate on the dynamic behaviours of fire-damaged concrete. Test results showed that fire-damaged concrete still experienced remarkable strain rate effect and the dynamic stress versus strain relations of fire-damaged concrete were significantly different from those of concrete at room temperature. There was no obvious effect of temperature and strain rate on the shape of the ascending branches of normalized stress–strain relation curves of concrete after exposure to high temperatures. The tested results also showed that high temperature and strain rate had remarkable effect on the dynamic increase factor (DIF) for the fire-damaged concrete. The effect of high temperature on DIF of the fire-damaged concrete decreased as the temperature increased. The tested results can be a basis for assessing the impact resistance and anti-collapse resistance of fire-damaged concrete structures.     

Microstructure of fire-damaged concrete. A case study

Concrete is a poor conductor of heat, but can suffer considerable damage when exposed to fire. Unraveling the heating history of concrete is important to forensic research or to determine whether a fire-exposed concrete structure and its components are still structurally sound. Assessment of fire-damage concrete structures usually starts with visual observation of color change, cracking and spalling. On heating, a change in color from normal to pink is often observed and this is useful since it coincides with the onset of significant loss of concrete strength. This paper presents results of cores strength, as well as, optical microscopy investigations of fire-damaged concrete. Samples were taken from concrete that had been exposed to fire. Optical microscopy has focused on microstructure of cement paste, aggregates, microvoids and cracks, as well as, on quantification the crack patterns found in heated concrete samples. The physical condition of concrete sample in combination with the microscopic examination, enable a petrographer to make a reasonable estimation of the minimum exposure temperature and its relative impact to the depth of damage in concrete.     

基于静态参数识别的火灾后混凝土结构受火温度估计

工程中通常需要对遭受火灾而未倒塌的混凝土结构进行安全评价,以确定其损伤程度,为结构的拆除或加固提供可靠依据。结构外表面和内部曾受到的受火温度是火灾后混凝土结构安全评估研究中关注的关键问题,也是其是否安全的判定准则之一。该文基于静态测量数据的参数识别方法,利用混凝土受火逐层损伤的特性以及火灾后力学参数与温度的对应关系,建立了估计火灾后混凝土结构内的温度梯度分布的反演格式和算法。最后通过数值算例验证了该方法的可行性和准确性。