脂肪族聚酯的合成及降解性能研究

通过熔融和溶液结合法合成了脂肪族聚酯—聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、丁二酸丁二醇酯-己二酸丁二醇酯共聚物(P(BS-co-BA))和丁二酸丁二醇酯-癸二酸丁二醇酯共聚物(P(BS-co-BSe)),并对其进行了生物降解实验。采用GPC测定了脂肪族聚酯的分子量及其分布,并采用熔点仪测定了聚酯的熔点。得到脂肪族聚酯分子量、熔点以及分子结构对称性和降解之间的关系。     

合成革用脂肪族聚氨酯树脂的合成

以聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(PBA)为软段,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、异佛尔酮二胺(IP-DA)和1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为硬段,合成了不合N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的弱极性溶剂型脂肪族聚氨酯树脂,考察了软段含量、二次扩链反应温度及nNCO/nOH值对聚氨酯树脂粘度及产品力学等性能的影响.结果表明,软段质量分数在...     

软段结构对脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体的结构与性能影响

分别采用聚丙二醇(PPG)、聚四氢呋喃二元醇(PTMG)、聚己二酸一缩二乙二醇三羟甲基丙烷酯多元醇(726)和聚己二酸新戊二醇酯二元醇(756)4种不同软段制备了基于异佛二酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)的脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体(PUE),并通过FT-IR、DSC和TGA等表征了软段结构对PUE结构与性能的影响。结果表明,在相同硬段含量的条件下,PTMG制备的PUE具有最高的交联密度和最低的氨酯羰基氢键化程度。聚酯型PUE的耐热性和热氧老化性能均优于聚醚型PUE,由756合成的PUE具有最好的老化性能和热稳定性。     

脂肪族水性聚氨酯的合成及其性能的研究

以异佛尓酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和聚酯二元醇及二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为主要原料,三乙胺为中和剂合成了稳定的脂肪族水性聚氨酯乳液,并对乳液的粒径、稳定性及膜的机械性能和耐水性进行了测试。结果表明,总体R值(nNCO/nOH)为1·3左右、羧基质量分数为1·36%~1·57%时,乳液的稳定性及膜的机械性能好,吸水率较低。该乳液可作为织物的防水透湿涂层剂。     

脂肪族环状碳酸酯的合成及其开环聚合研究进展

脂肪族聚碳酸酯是生物医用材料中的一个重要组成部分,而脂肪族环状碳酸酯开环聚合是制备脂肪族聚碳酸酯的一类重要方法。本文介绍了近年来不同大小和种类的脂肪族环状碳酸酯单体的合成及其聚合物的制备,并对其阳离子开环聚合、阴离子开环聚合和配位聚合的机理进行了讨论。     

脂肪族聚酮的性能及应用

介绍脂肪族聚酮的结构、性能和应用。     

脂肪腈一步法制双脂肪烃基仲胺新工艺的研究

采用合成氨厂的氨合成气代替纯氢气使脂肪腈加压催化氢化 ,可一步制得双脂肪烃基仲胺。采用该工艺制得的仲胺产品质量技术指标为 :w(仲胺 ) =92 % ,w(叔胺 ) <3% ,总胺值 =110mgKOH/g ,达到美国Kemanines - 970和日本FarminB62等同类产品水平。     

线性PBS基脂肪族聚酯的合成和降解研究

为了探讨线性PBS基脂肪族共聚酯的结构和降解之间的关系,首先合成了线性PBS基脂肪族共聚酯,即聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-共-聚己二酸丁二醇酯P(BS-co-BA),聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-共-癸二酸丁二醇酯P(BS-co-BSe),并将线性PBS基脂肪族共聚酯及PBS在土壤悬浮液中进行降解,通过GPC、熔点测定仪对线性PBS基脂肪族共聚酯的分子量和熔点进行了测定;通过测定降解过程中失重率和降解前后聚酯薄膜表面形貌来对共聚酯降解程度进行表征。结果表明:随着二元酸碳链的增长,分子对称性降低,降解性能增大。通过观察分子量,熔点及降解失重率的测定结果,得出分子量越大,降解越不容易进行;熔点越小,降解性能越好。     

脂肪族聚酮技术进展

评述了脂肪族聚酮的最新进展，讨论了乙烯和CO共聚的钯催化体系、共聚机理和聚合工艺以及脂肪族聚酮的结构、性能和应用。     

脂肪族聚碳酸酯的研究进展

由于聚碳酸酯产品市场的快速增长,因此聚碳酸酯是一个极具开发前景的产品。脂肪族聚碳酸酯具有很好的生物相容性、生物降解性。阐述了脂肪族聚碳酸酯的合成方法,包括光气法、二氧化碳与环氧化物共聚法、环状碳酸酯开环聚合法、酯交换法四种,以及四种方法的研究进展,并对脂肪族聚碳酸酯以后的发展进行展望。     

我国基础油脂化学品的生产工艺水平

对中国基础油脂化学品生产工艺与世界水平的差距进行了对比,说明我国油脂工业具有光明的发有景和空间,提出成立中国油脂化学家协会,加强油脂化工大联合的初步建议。     

“Click Chemistry” for the Simple Determination of Fatty‐Acid Uptake and Degradation: Revising the Role of Fatty‐Acid Transporters

Fatty acids (FAs) have numerous functions in all living organisms, ranging from structural roles and energy production to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Because of the high energy content of exogenous FAs, their acquisition is central of metabolism, and several biological systems are known, although their precise roles are not yet entirely clear. We investigated the roles of FadD (CoA ligase) and FadL (FA transporter) in different bacterial strains by using an improved version of click‐chemistry‐assisted labelling of azido‐FAs. The high sensitivity of this method allows a direct and precise assessment of FA metabolism, and is thus far better suited than growth experiments. Our results show that although FA activation is indeed essential for FA degradation, their transport can be independent of transporters like FadL.     

引进脂肪胺生产装置工艺特点

介绍引进意大利ＧＩＡＮＡＺＺＡ公司的脂肪胺生产装置工艺过程,采用间歇式液要法制取脂肪腈,批料操作时间１０ｈ,最终脂肪腈的酸值在０．５以下,伯胺反应温度１３０℃￣１４０℃,反应压力１．２ＭＰａ￣１．６ＭＰａ,仲胺反应温度２００℃￣２２０℃,反应器中２ｈ￣４ｈ即可反应完成。提出了脂肪腈装置存在的问题及相应的解决方案。     

Effects of fatty acid derivatives on the ignition quality and cold flow of diesel fuel

The biodiesel that is considered as a possible substitute or extender of conventional automotive diesel fuel is commonly composed of fatty acid methyl esters that are prepared from the glycerides in vegetable oils by transesterification with methanol. This form of biodiesel is compatible with diesel fuel but offers no improvement in its ignition quality. This work describes the results of a series of experiments aimed at assessing other common fatty acid derivatives that could provide the desired biofuel component and, at the same time, improve the performance of the fuel. It was found that tertiary fatty amines and amides are significantly more effective than methyl esters in enhancing the ignition quality of the finished diesel fuel without having any negative effect on its cold flow properties.     

我国基础油脂化工工艺及设备

对我国基础油脂化学品工业的生产工艺及装备技术水平进行了综述,包括基础油脂化学品工业的生产工艺及装备发展历史、现状及发展动态;在简述现有各种生产工艺及装备的特点的基础上,与国外先进的技术水平进行了比较,指出与世界先进水平的差距,并就如何缩小中国与世界先进技术水平的差距及如何提高国内企业市场竞争力提出了初步建议。     

Stearidonic acid (18:4n‐3): Metabolism,nutritional importance,medical uses and natural sources

Stearidonic acid (SA, 18:4n‐3) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that constitutes the first metabolite of α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) in the metabolic pathway leading to C_20–22 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3), which recently have received much attention because of their various physiological functions in the human body. Recently, several studies indicated that dietary SA increased EPA more efficiently than ALA. Thus, vegetable oils containing SA may become a dietary source of n‐3 fatty acids that is more effective in increasing tissue n‐3 PUFA concentrations than the current ALA‐containing vegetable oils. Nevertheless, few SA sources occur in nature, although there are still a large number of species untested to date. SA has been detected in variable amounts in several species of algae, fungi and animals tissues, but the seeds of some plant families seem to be better sources of SA, especially Echium (Boraginaceae) species. This work reviews the nutritional significance, medical uses and natural occurrence of SA.     

Synthesis of polyfunctional fatty amines from sophorolipid-derived 17-hydroxy oleic acid

A series of mono- and diamines and one triamine have been prepared using methyl 17-hydroxy oleate as the common starting material. The 17-hydroxy oleate is an abundant bioderived material obtained from acid alcoholysis of sophorolipids, which in turn are produced by fermentation of agricultural by-products. Incorporation of the amino unit(s) can be selectively performed at either end of the chain or at its middle. The chief synthetic reactions used are allylic bromination, Curtius rearrangement, and the Mitsunobu reaction. These fatty amines also possess functionality such as hydroxy groups, carboxylic acids, and C−C double bonds. The amines are isolated in protected form using a variety of protecting groups, the identities of which can be selected on the basis of the intended use of the amine. These novel compounds will be of interest in the preparation of highly functionalized polymers and surfactants, among other areas.     

脂肪酰胺和脂肪酸酯类非离子表面活性剂的开发与应用

本文综述肪脂酰胺包括烷醇酰胺及其系列产品、β－羟乙基二酰胺、多酰胺和脂肪酸酯类、一元、多元醇脂肪酸等非离子表面活性剂的开发应用。     

单乙醇脂肪酰胺的合合成及性能

以辛酸，癸酸，月桂酸，肉豆蔻酸，棕榈酸，硬胆酸和油酸为原料分别与单乙醇胺反应，合成了一系列单乙醇脂肪酰胺，上述产品经重结晶提纯后，测定了系列单乙醇脂肪酰胺对w(AES)=10%和w(Ninol)=3%等表面活性剂水溶液体系的增稠，泡沫性能和珠光效果，研究表明，各种意志乙醇脂肪酰胺可以分别用异丙醇，水，丙酮和石油醚重结晶，单乙醇脂肪酰胺为白色片状晶体，C12－C18的单乙醇脂肪酰胺有较好的增稠性能，其中单乙醇油酰胺最好，单乙醇月桂酰胺对体系发泡与稳泡有明显的促进作用，单乙醇硬脂酰胺在体系中有很好的珠光效果。     

Impact of Fatty Acid Structure on CALB‐Catalyzed Esterification of Glucose

Enzymatic synthesis of fatty acid glucose esters from different fatty acyl donors are performed via enzymatic catalysis in the presence of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), using acetonitrile as the solvent. The acyl donor nature (fatty acid or fatty acid vinyl ester) and structure are varied. Lower reaction rates and lower conversions are obtained with fatty acids in comparison to their corresponding vinyl esters. Moreover, the acyl donor with the longest chain length gives the highest conversions. The presence of unsaturation on the acyl donor chain is also shown to be detrimental to the conversion. Practical Applications: The practical applications of the present work are related to the production of gluco‐esters that could be used as nonionic surfactants as detergents, cosmetics and food emulsifiers, emollients or conservatives, respectively. In this study, it is shown that in order to get high production yields, each reaction parameter has to be tuned properly.