An Internet-based integrated product design environment. Part II: its applications to concurrent engineering design

Concurrent or collaborative engineering (CE) has inspired research in the area of design decomposition, which facilitates the concurrency of product lifecycle functions from the earlier stage of the product development process and reduces the complexity of a design problem. The decomposition-based design, on the other hand, necessitates various integration efforts for recombining the decomposed design problems. This is the second of a two-part paper proposing a multi-agent system (MAS) framework for integrated product design in a computer network-oriented CE environment. Part II discusses the applications of the proposed MAS framework to concurrent engineering design. The proposed framework realises the systematic and timely design integrations between multi-functional/cross-functional team members in a dynamic design environment, by enabling model integration, solution integration and tool integration. The proposed design agents make the problem-specific engineering models or heterogeneous design tools interoperable and network-accessible, and also provide the interaction spaces for communicating, integrating or coordinating the individual design solutions. Throughout the paper, the proposed system is illustrated with a successful implementation of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) design problem over the Internet .     

基于仿真的油泵类产品的集成开发 (Ⅰ)设计过程与集成框架

首先分析了产品开发的三种模式：串行开发模式，基于计算机与并行工程思想的集成框架开发模式，基于网络通讯技术、人工智能与并行工程结合的分布式并行协作开发模式，探讨了三种开发模式的特点，具体介绍了集成框架开发模式的步骤。结合油泵产品开发过程的特点，建立了集成框架的模型并开发了相应的原型系统。     

A morphological approach to product design in a concurrent engineering environment

The development of product design in a concurrent engineering environment requires the consideration and inclusion of life cycle factors early in the design process. This paper proposes a product design framework where these factors are considered. The phases of product design in a concurrent engineering environment include: design requirements, design functions, design alternatives, design attributes, and design environments. A five-step algorithm is proposed by which the optimal design alternative, among all the feasible alternatives, is selected. In order to illustrate the proposed framework, the design of a braking system is presented in each phase. A morphological approach to product design is proposed that consists of two related morphologies. Morphology 1 addresses the innovative aspect of product design. Morphology 2 considers the computational and optimisation aspect of product design. In conclusion, an integrated approach which reconciles both morphologies is suggested.     

并行工程下基于特征的零件可制造性研究

结合并行工程的思想，对零件可制造性进行较详细的分析，提出并行工程环境下基于特征的可制造性分析方法，研究并建立基于特征的可制造性零件定义模型及评价体系，全面合理地对零件的可制造性进行评价和反馈，从而指导产品设计。最后以涡轮叶片榫头特征的可制造性分析为应用实例，说明该方法的有效性和实用性。     

面向并行工程的工作流集成框架研究

随着并行工程的研究与推广，目前日益成熟的工作流管理技术为建立支持并行工程的应用集成系统提供了良好的基础，使得设计和开发能够支持应用程序之间的信息集成与过程集成软件系统成为可能，针对产品开发全生命周期管理的需求，首先提出了一个基于工作流的企业信息系统体系结构，基于该思想，进一步提出了并行工程使能工具的集成框架，为了阐述其集成方法，在介绍集成框架的核心技术－工作流建模与管理系统的基础上，以PDM系统的集成为例，详细解决了Tool Agent集成方式。     

并行工程下的面向制造的设计

结合并行工程的思想,对面向制造的设计进行了较详细的分析,指出面向制造的设计与并行工程的关系,提出了并行工程环境下面向制造的设计技术中存在的问题及对策,全面合理地对零件的面向制造的设计进行了评价,从而指导产品设计。     

汽车车身开发产品数据管理系统的研究与应用

为提高车身开发效率,缩短开发周期,将产品数据管理技术应用于车身开发过程。首先构建了面向网络、分布开发环境下的集成于车身开发过程的产品数据管理系统的总体结构和实现环境,在Oracle8i数据库系统的支持下,实现了系统中的主要功能模块,并成功应用于某汽车制造企业轻型卡车车身开发项目的管理。该系统能有效地管理车身开发中的产品数据,提高了车身开发的效率,支持车身开发的并行工程。     

基于并行工程的集成质量保证系统HD—CAQ的研究

研究了在并行工程环境下柴油机产品集成质量保证系统HD-CAQ系统结构,讨论了系统各部分功能构成。该系统是以计算机网络和数据库技术为支撑,面向柴油机产品设计、制造及其过程的集成质量保证系统,它为企业在产品整个生命周期中优化产品设计、预防产品质量问题,以及保证企业各职能部门间相互协商、协同工作提供了有效的基础环境和条件。     

产品设计与制造过程质量保证的集成

讨论了并行工程环境下产品设计和制造过程质量保证相集成的方法、策略及基本集成框架。指出该集成系统的关键是进行质量功能配置、面向制造的设计、面向装配的设计及制造过程质量的统计过程控制各种手段与方法的集成。最后给出了一个集成系统框架,并对其中的各个部分进行了详细的讨论。     

并行制造方法的研究

并行了工程是一种减少开发周期，提高质量，减少费用以提高产品竞争力的有效方法，普遍认为并行工程属于设计领域，但由于制造过程的动态性和市场的多变性，不可能随时修改产品设计方案，因而实施并行工程存在一定的困难。需要将并行方法应用于制造领域。提出并行制造的概念，分析并行制造工艺设计系统的特卢、及体系结构，探讨并行制造实施策略。     

Developing an Integrated Intelligent Framework to Support an Engineering Change Process for an Axial Piston Pump

Since the concepts of concurrent engineering were introduced in mid 1980s, the product design process has become complicated. This is because many factors related to the life cycle of the product may need to be considered during the design stage. Therefore, shortening product development time becomes important for the survival of an enterprise. In this paper, an integrated intelligent environment to support concurrent engineering is proposed. Two major modules are provided by this system to assist change management. One is a constraint network module that analyses the related constraints about a design change to find the design variables influenced. Another is a product assembly module that extracts the design data from a CAD database to analyse the spatial relationships relating to an assembly. The data in the above two modules are integrated in a data integrated module, in which an entity relational data model was developed to describe the integrated data. Finally, a web-based query system was developed to provide a multiplatform environment for the user to refer to the data in the constraint network module and the product assembly module during a design change process. The proposed environment is implemented in the design change process for an axial piston pump.     

PDM技术在并行工程中的应用与实施

研究了在ＰＤＭ系统支持下如何实现对并行工程 的ＣＡＸ／ＤＦＸ工具的封装与集成,集成产品开发团队的组织与管理,产品信息与资源信息的管理,过程信息的管理等实施技术,最终提供并行化产品设计所必需的运作环境,支持并行工程的实施。     

并行设计及其支持环境

以PDM为框架,建立了支持产品并行设计的并行工程体系结构,通过分析设计活动的组成,提出了面向产品全生命周期的数字化信息模型和基于STEP的CAx信息集成模式,定义了结构扁平的集成产品开发矩阵组织模式,以有效支持产品开发队伍的重构,探讨了信息分层共享的合理模式,集成了分布于不同硬件平台的CAx/DFx工具,最后建立了支持并行设计微循环与预发布的过程管理模型,研究了并行化产品开发的过程控制与管理技术。     

PDM/CAFD集成技术研究

PDM作为 CAD/CAPP/CAM的集成平台越来越受到人们的重视 ,但其对计算机辅助夹具设计 (CAFD)的支持却很少有人关注。本文在分析了基于 PDM的集成化夹具设计系统体系结构后 ,着重研究了基于 PDM的组合夹具设计模型构建技术 ,并在此模型基础上实现夹具的快速设计和装配 ,以有效地支持并行工程的实施。     

An integrated Concurrent Engineering Approach to the Design and Manufacture of Complex Components

This paper presents an integrated concurrent engineering (CE) approach to the design and manufacture of complex-shaped components. A virtual computer integrated manufacturing system for the approach was constructed with various commercial software packages. CE combined with information technology (IT) is used for the design and manufacture. The advantages and disadvantages of the software used were analysed. Pro/ENGINEER (Pro/E) software is used for the main role in the approach. The finite-element method (FEM) and optimisation tools are merged into the approach which is carried out in a Pro/MECHANICA and ANSYS environment. The integration approach is from the conceptual design to the end of manufacturing. The use of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was integrated in the approach. In order to evaluate the approach the development of a scroll compressor was taken as a case study. The authors have used Visual C ++ programming to create CAD software for the conceptual design of the scroll compressor. A trial has been implemented on a CNC machining centre and a real orbiting scroll part was made. The authors analysed the results and sequencing problems during the implementation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential of the approach in mechanical product design.     

知识管理体系及其在系统集成环境中的集成

针对产品研发过程中知识管理与应用的实现问题,在知识管理层次体系基础上提出了产品系统开发智能化集成环境的构建方案.从知识本质特征分析人手,得出知识的运用与管理是通过构建知识工具、维护数据载体、进行知识过程控制来实现的结论.探讨了知识管理的实现机制,通过协调知识、数据、过程、工具之间的关系,给出了支持工程应用的知识管理体系与功能阶段.基于知识管理的体系层次,给出了支持产品分布式集成开发环境的功能体系技术方案,定义了基于知识的集成环境的智能化操作流程.     

面向敏捷制造的集成产品开发要素研究

敏捷制造被认为是２１世纪制造企业的主要发展模式。分析了敏捷制造模式下企业实施产品集成开发的若干要素,包括企业动态联盟、过程重构、ＩＰＴ组织与管理、企业信息合理化工程、信息分类编码与标准化技术等;探讨了面向敏捷制造的并行产品开发模式;提出了支持企业动态联盟集成产品开发的信息框架概念,阐述了其集成体系结构和工作原理。     

A comparison of approaches to concurrent engineering

In this paper, various approaches to the successful implementation of concurrent engineering are presented. Approach 1 addresses the information and software requirements of an integrated manufacturing information system. Two sets of data requirements for the design of mechanical products are discussed. Approach 2 uses feature based design as the impetus behind CAD/CAM integration. A conceptual framework leading to the development of a knowledge-based management system (KBMS) is proposed. KBMS is capable of representing multiple and concurrent views of features. Approach 3 considers product design concerns from inception to disposal in a unified life cycle engineering (ULCE) environment. Approach 4 focuses on assembly as an integrative function of all manufacturing activities. Approach 5 emphasises organisational and cultural issues and proposes that effective dialogue between design and manufacturing engineers is essential for abandoning the over-the-wall design concept. In conclusion, a critique of various approaches to concurrent engineering is provided.     

注塑产品并行设计过程特征建模

在并行环境下 ,设计过程集成与产品信息集成两个环节互相关联。基于特征的产品信息模型在满足产品信息表达的完备性的同时 ,也应该满足设计过程不同阶段的不同需求。本文通过对设计问题不同阶段的特点及所需信息的分析 ,建立起并行设计环境下面向设计过程的注塑产品特征模型 ,并提出了区别于产品几何表达驱动设计方法的功能驱动设计方法。     

并行工程在新舟60飞机内装饰设计制造中的应用

并行工程是一种有别于顺序 (串行 )工程的产品开发方法。实施并行工程可以有效地缩短产品开发周期 ,降低产品成本 ,提高产品质量。本文结合西安飞机工业公司在新舟 6 0飞机内装饰设计制造中应用并行工程的实例 ,就并行工程中的关键技术 :产品数字化定义、组织设计与建模、产品开发过程设计及建模、PDM工程实施、使能工具等做一综述