Control of Julia Sets in Generalized Alternated System

In this paper, we first introduce the generalized alternated system. The definition of the Julia set in the generalized alternated system is given, which is called a generalized alternated Julia set. Then, we achieve the control of generalized alternated Julia sets by applying the classic control methods, which are gradient control and optimal control. In addition, the synchronization between two different generalized alternated Julia sets is implemented using gradient control and optimal control. The simulations illustrate the effectiveness and correctness of these two control methods, and the results are displayed in 2D computer graphics.     

不同空间Julia集的非线性广义同步

基于利用线性耦合实现空间Julia集线性广义同步的研究成果,本文通过应用非线性反馈控制和引入变量变换的方法解决了空间Julia集的非线性广义同步问题.首先基于变量变换,得到误差空间Julia系统,为了镇定该系统使其实现非线性广义同步,给出了确定的非线性函数关系式.另外,根据空间Julia集的稳定区域,解析地确定了实现非线性广义同步的耦合强度的稳定域.然后,给出了稳定的复不动平面与空间Julia集的同步的关系.最后,用一个例子验证了该解析方法是可行的.     

Generalized Julia set in coupled map lattice and its coupling and synchronization

This paper discusses first the basic theory and fractal characteristics of generalized Julia set in coupled map lattice (CML Julia set for short). Then, two different generalized CML Julia sets are coupled, which makes two different generalized CML Julia sets change to the same one. Using gradient control and optimal control, the synchronization of two different such generalized CML Julia sets is, respectively, also realized, which makes one CML Julia set change to another. The coupling and synchronization of two no-identical generalized CML Julia sets are accomplished via coupling and synchronizing their trajectories. To verify the feasibility of coupling and gradient and optimal control methods, we consider the generalized CML Julia sets, whose lattice length is 2, as examples to achieve their coupling and synchronization. Finally, digital simulations are carried out for α=3 and α=4 and the results verify the effectiveness of the coupling and synchronization.     

空间分形Julia集的辨识控制

由于空间分形Julia集合的参数辨识问题在典型的Langevin问题中尚未解决,本文提出一种新的方法设计了普遍适用的自适应同步控制器和参数自适应律的解析表达式,解决了在驱动系统参数未知的情况下无法实现同步控制的问题,并且在实现渐近同步的过程中能够辨识出驱动系统的未知参数,通过仿真示例验证了该方法有效.另外,该方法也适用于最基本的Julia集.     

复映射z→z^w＋c（w（∈C）的开关广义Julia集

推广了Lakhtakia提出的开关Julia集（简称开关J集）的构造方法。通过分析广义J集的构造算法，阐述广义J集的结构特点．。在此基础上，对在开关映射作用下复Z平面上初始点的轨道进行研究， 描述了开关广义J集的结构特征，并给出开关广义J集的裂变原因。     

Fractal Dimension and Synchronization of the Controlled Julia Sets of a Reaction–Diffusion System

This paper is concerned with the fractal dynamics of a reaction–diffusion system, – the forced Brusselator model. The Julia set of the discrete version of the model is established. Then, the control of the Julia set is realized by combining the parameter perturbation control method and feedback control method. The box‐counting dimensions of the Julia sets of the controlled system for different control parameters are computed, which is used to describe the complexity and irregularity of the Julia sets. Finally, nonlinear coupling items are designed to make one Julia change to be another. The simulations illustrate the efficacy of these methods.     

D4对称平面排列映射广义充满Julia集

为了更加直观、有效地在参数空间挑选参数构造出具有D4对称特性的平面排列映射的混沌吸收子和广义充满Julia集，在参数空间任选两个实参数构造参数断面，构造其上的广义M集。在这种广义M集的周期区域中挑选参数，可以由计算机生成大量新颖的广义充满Julia集。为了揭示出这种广义充满Julia集内部的复杂结构，给出了两种构造方法。为具有平面对称特性的动力系统的计算机图形化研究工作增添了新形式的艺术图像。     

一类广义Logistic映射的分形特征与同步

本文讨论了一类二维广义Logistic实映射的Julia集和Mandelbrot集.首先采用盒维数计算法,计算了实映射Julia集的分形维数,并引入一种线性反馈控制的方法,对实映射的Julia集进行了控制.其次引入不同系统间Julia集同步的概念,通过非线性耦合控制的方法,对具有不同参数两个实映射的Julia集进行了同步.最后通过引入实参数的方法构造了实映射的Mandelbrot集,并通过梯度控制法实现了具有不同参数的两个实映射Mandelbrot集的同步.仿真结果表明了控制和同步方法的有效性.     

Julia分形

近年来分形理论和它的构造方法受到极大关注.Julia集是使用非线性复映射f(z)=zm c为迭代函数生成的一类著名分形,而逃逸时间算法是生成Julia集最常用的算法.本文在给出逃逸时间算法的算法步骤之后,针对迭代函数fmc(z)=zm c中参数m,c变化的不同情况,给出了Julia集的实验图例,并分析了二次表达式的常规Julia集(m=2)和高阶的广义Julia集(m＞2)的一些特点.     

Julia 集和Mandelbrot 集的反演变换

论文讨论了居里叶集与曼德尔布罗特集的反演变换问题,通过扩充复平面 上关于任意定点的反演变换,获得了两类共轭函数。使得这两类共轭函数的居里叶集与曼德 尔布罗特集,恰好是原居里叶集与曼德尔布罗特集关于定点的反演变换,并运用逃逸时间算 法绘制居里叶集和曼德尔布罗特集的反演图。     

Newton法对应单参有理函数族的广义M-J集

讨论了Newton法对应单参数有理函数族的广义Mandelbrot集和Julia集,给出了它们的构造算法,证明了其广义Mandelbrot集的有界性,并给出了其周期点个数的计算公式.利用数学实验的方法研究了广义Mandelbrot集周期芽苞分布规律,并通过对比分析得到了它们与z~n+c的Mandelbrot集和Julia集之间的族相似性类似的新的族相似关系.文中算法为Mandelbrot集和Julia集的发展提供了新的思路.     

基于Julia分形集的模运算图像加密算法研究

作为信息安全的重要领域,图像加密算法一直是人们研究的热点。针对经典分形集合Julia集的特点,提出一种图像加密算法。将Julia集作为一种随机元素生成密钥,采用模运算方法对图像进行加密,对生成的密文进行两次扩散,得到最终密文。由于Julia集密钥仅需几个参数就可以表示,大大减小了存储空间。并且Julia集的无限性以及混沌特性使得任意参数的极其微小的变动都将导致密钥剧烈变化,无法正常解密。该算法较Rozouvan提出的以Mandelbrot分形集为密钥的转换方法,密钥空间更大,密钥敏感性显著提高,尤其能够有效抵御选择明文攻击。     

基于三维多项式映射的广义Julia集表示与绘制

研究了基于三维多项式映射的三维广义Julia集表示方法.从理论上分析并证明了三维多项式映射满足等变的条件,精确地给出了关于正四面体群和正八面体群具有旋转不变对称性的两类三维等变映射的具体公式,在此基础上讨论并证明了三维多项式映射的广义Julia集所具有的性质.提出了基于逃选距离色彩调配的光线跟踪体绘制算法,对给定三维空间中属于Julia集的离散点根据其逃逸距离赋予颜色和不透明度,并采用光线跟踪法进行体绘制.实验结果表明,利用三维多项式映射来构造三维Julia集,不仅可以根据映射的性质预知Julia集的总体结构特征,并且能够通过调控映射的参数来获得多种具有不同旋转对称结构的Julia集,因而有效地克服了现有三维分形集生成方法所构造的分形集包含信息量少、形状结构单一和分形形状无法预测等缺陷.进一步地,三维多项式映射可以应用于其他三维分形的构造,从而为三维分形的生成提供一个新的有效途径.     

Fractal analysis and control in the predator–prey model

The two-dimensional predator–prey Lotka–Volterra model is discussed from the point of fractal theory. Julia set of the discrete version of the model is introduced. Then, the linear feedback control is taken to control the Julia set. By controlling the Julia set, the attractive domain of the attractive fixed point is controlled indirectly. To associate two different Julia sets of the model with different parameters, nonlinear coupling items are designed to make one Julia set change to be another. The simulations illustrate the efficacy of these methods.     

Julia集的广义同步

研究了两个不同的Julia集耦合实现广义同步的问题. 不同于以往对Julia集的研究仅限于对一个独立的Julia集的性质, 制图等方面的讨论, 本文提出了两个不同的Julia集广义同步的思想, 并以经典的复二次多项式系统z_n+1 = z²_n+c为例, 分别采用线性和非线性耦合的方法对该系统不同参数的Julia集进行了广义同步. 仿真结果表明了方法的有效性.     

变周期窗口平面动力系统的构造与可视化

为了用同一个迭代映射构造出多个不同视觉效果的平面连续排列图案,提出一种用变周期窗口的动力系统生成具有P1对称特性的平面排列图案的有效算法.该算法采用余弦函数及含参的非线性角度变量构造一族使动力平面上各周期窗口的尺度变化的迭代映射;通过计算任意周期窗口和最大周期窗口得出窗口间相应点之间的非线性对应关系,并构造出各周期窗口中的混沌吸引子和充满Julia集,其图案是连续的且结构不同的;选用不同的周期窗口作为基本计算区域,使之与正方形像素矩阵对应,并构造出基本图元,实现了用一个映射构造出多个平面排列图案的算法.实验结果表明,采用文中算法可以生成大量具有P1对称的平面等距排列的混沌吸引子和充满Julia集图案.     

General Mandelbrot sets and Julia sets with color symmetry from equivariant mappings of the modular group

A method for constructing the general M (Mandelbrot) set of a non-analytic mapping is presented. The equivariant mapping with symmetry of the modular group is considered as an illustration. By investigating the distribution of attractors in the upper half-plane and the assignment of colors to each attractor, an algorithm is presented for the construction of filled-in Julia sets with 2- or 3-color symmetry. Such Julia sets not only reveal the characteristics of a system, but also have high artistic appeal.     

On invariant sets and closed‐loop boundedness of Lure‐type nonlinear systems by LPV‐embedding

We address the problem of achieving trajectory boundedness and computing ultimate bounds and invariant sets for Lure‐type nonlinear systems with a sector‐bounded nonlinearity. Our first contribution is to compare two systematic methods to compute invariant sets for Lure systems. In the first method, a linear‐like bound is considered for the nonlinearity, and this bound is used to compute an invariant set by regarding the nonlinear system as a linear system with a nonlinear perturbation. In the second method, the sector‐bounded nonlinearity is treated as a time‐varying parameterised linear function with bounded parameter variations, and then invariant sets are computed by embedding the nonlinear system into a convex polytopic linear parameter varying (LPV) system. We show that under some conditions on the system matrices, these approaches give identical invariant sets, the LPV‐embedding method being less conservative in the general case. The second contribution of the paper is to characterise a class of Lure systems, for which an appropriately designed linear state feedback achieves bounded trajectories of the closed‐loop nonlinear system and allows for the computation of an invariant set via a simple, closed‐form expression. The third contribution is to show that, for disturbances that are ‘aligned’ with the control input, arbitrarily small ultimate bounds on the system states can be achieved by assigning the eigenvalues of the linear part of the system with ‘large enough’ negative real part. We illustrate the results via examples of a pendulum system, a Josephson junction circuit and the well‐known Chua circuit. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multisensor fusion fault tolerant control

In this paper, a multisensor fusion fault tolerant control system with fault detection and identification via set separation is presented. The fault detection and identification unit verifies that for each sensor–estimator combination, the estimation tracking errors lie inside pre-computed sets and discards faulty sensors when their associated estimation tracking errors leave the sets. An active fault tolerant controller is obtained, where the remaining healthy estimates are combined using a technique based on the optimal fusion criterion in the linear minimum-variance sense. The fused estimates are then used to implement a state feedback tracking controller. We ensure closed-loop stability and performance under the occurrence of abrupt sensor faults. Experimental validation, illustrating the multisensor fusion fault tolerant control strategy is included.     

Invariant‐set‐based fault diagnosis in Lure systems

In this paper, we present an invariant‐set‐based method for actuator and sensor fault detection and isolation in Lure systems. The Lure plant is controlled by an observer‐based feedback tracking controller, designed for the nominal (fault‐free) system. Suitable residual signals are constructed from measurable system outputs and estimates associated with the nominal observer. Faults are diagnosed by online contrasting the residual signal trajectories against sets of values that the residuals are shown to attain under healthy or faulty operation. These values are obtained via set‐invariance analysis of the system closed‐loop trajectories. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.