应用特征词分类贡献的垃圾邮件过滤研究

在垃圾邮件过滤中,考虑到特征词对合法邮件和垃圾邮件分类贡献的不同,通过定义分类贡献比系数,将特征词分类贡献的思想应用到特征选择和朴素贝叶斯过滤器的设计中,在英文语料库上进行实验,实验结果表明,应用特征词分类贡献的垃圾邮件过滤方法可以有效提高过滤器对合法邮件和垃圾邮件的识别能力,降低过滤器对合法邮件和垃圾邮件的误判率。     

邮件过滤中信息增益方法的改进

利用改进的信息增益特征选择的方法来提取特征词,基于向量空间模型构造邮件的特征向量,最后用支持向量机算法对邮件进行过滤。实验表明,改进后的信息增益特征选择方法对邮件过滤是很有效的。     

一种基于条件熵的垃圾邮件过滤算法

在垃圾邮件过滤中,针对过滤器对合法邮件的误判问题,提出一种改进的垃圾邮件过滤算法。该算法对信息增益的条件熵估计方法作了改进,结合最小风险贝叶斯决策方法,在英文语料库上进行实验,并采用召回率和正确率对算法进行评价分析。实验结果表明,改进后的方法可提高过滤器对合法邮件的识别能力,降低对合法邮件的误判,减少用户的损失。     

可分性判据在中文网页分类中的应用

提出了一种改进的基于统计的中文网页的分类算法。通过对传统的基于计算相似度文本分类方法和基于贝叶斯模型文本分类算法的研究，我们对贝叶斯模型分类算法进行了改进，提出了利用一种基于概率分布的可分性判据分类方法，即用类别密度函数似然比来增加特征词的可分性信息的算法。通过对计算相似度方法，贝叶斯方法及改进的贝叶斯方法的对比实验表明，改进算法可以使类与类的间隔最大化，因而具有较高的分类精确率和召回率。     

基于类信息的TF-IDF权重分析与改进

经典的TF-IDF算法仅考虑了特征词频率和逆文档频率等,忽略了特征词的类间、类内分布信息.本文通过TF-IDF算法计算特征词在不同规模语料库中的权重,分析特征词的类信息对权重的影响,并进一步针对该影响提出一种新的衡量特征词的类间、类内分布信息的方法.本文通过增加两个新的权值,类间离散因子和类内离散因子,将其与经典的TF-IDF算法结合,提出了基于类信息的改进的TF-IDF-CI算法.本文通过朴素贝叶斯模型对改进后的算法的分类性能进行了验证.实验证明,改进后的权重算法在测试数据集上的表现,在准确率、召回率和F1值上均优于经典的TF-IDF算法.     

一种结合改进CHI和RFFS的特征选择算法研究

针对传统CHI算法忽略特征词的词频易导致重要特征词被漏选的问题,结合特征选择时Filter类算法速度快、Wrapper类算法准确率高的特点,提出一种将改进CHI（TDF-CHI）算法与随机森林特征选择（RFFS）相结合的特征选择算法。先利用TDF-CHI算法计算特征词的文档频率及词频与类别的相关程度来进行特征选择,去除冗余特征;再通过RFFS算法度量剩余特征的重要性,进行二次特征选择,优化特征集合,使分类器的性能进一步提升。为了验证改进算法的优越性,利用新闻文本数据,在常用的分类器上进行测试。实验表明,改进算法相比传统CHI算法所选特征词具有更好的分类效果,提高了分类器的准确率和召回率。     

基于信息增益与信息熵的TFIDF算法

传统的特征词权重算法TFIDF忽略了特征词在类内、类间的分布对其权重的影响。针对该问题,引入信息熵的概念,对基于信息增益的TFIDF算法(TFIDFIG)进行改进,提出一种基于信息增益与信息熵的TFIDF算法(TFIDFIGE)。实验结果表明,与传统的TFIDF算法和TFIDFIG算法相比,TFIDFIGE算法的查准率和查全率较高。     

基于泊松分布的加权朴素贝叶斯文本分类算法

朴素贝叶斯(NB)算法应用于文本分类时具有简单性和高效性,但算法中属性独立性与重要性一致的假设,使其在精确度方面存在瓶颈.针对该问题,提出一种基于泊松分布的特征加权NB文本分类算法.结合泊松分布模型和NB算法,将泊松随机变量引入特征词权重,在此基础上定义信息增益率对文本特征词加权,削弱传统算法属性独立性假设造成的影响.在20-newsgroups数据集上的实验结果表明,与传统NB算法及其改进算法RwC-MNB和CFSNB相比,该算法可使文本分类的准确率、召回率和F1值得到提升,并且执行效率高于K-最近邻算法和支持向量机算法.     

结合语义和文本特征位串的高效KNN算法

为了有效提高文本分类的效率,提出了一种基于语义相似的改进KNN算法.该算法结合了特征词的语义和文本的特征位串,由于考虑到文本向量中同义的关联特征词对文本相似度的贡献,有效地提高了文本分类的准确率和召回率;而基于文本特征位串进行的位计算方法,能从大量的训练文本集中筛选出可能的相似文本,较好地克服了KNN算法计算量大的问题.算法的分析与实验表明,改进的算法明显提高了KNN的计算效率,同时也提高了分类的准确率和召回率.     

融合机器学习算法在旅游推荐中的研究与实现

针对旅游点评类文本存在数据量庞大等问题,本文构建一种SVM与Bootstrapping相融合的旅游点评文本情感分析算法。首先对2019年上半年携程旅游与马蜂窝旅游评论数据进行采集,以得到待处理旅游点评文本数据集;然后利用SVM算法构建分类器对旅游点评文本进行分类,以得到情感特征词集,随后使用Bootstrapping算法对上述分类器进行重构,以得到高性能分类器;最后对分析的情感特征词集进行模型评价。实验结果表明,改进算法相对于传统算法而言,召回率整体提升2.3%,准确率整体提升4.8%,F值整体提升3.46%,改进算法分类效果较传统更优,准确率、召回率和加权调和平均值有提升。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.