Effect of Morinda Tinctoria Leaves Extract on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Acid Medium

The Morinda tinctoria (MT) plant leaves extract was prepared in aqueous and hydrochloric acid media and was used as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium. MT is found to be an efficient inhibitor at room temperature and the efficiency decreases with increase in temperature. Results from colorimetric studies predict the amount of iron present in the test solution and the percentage inhibition efficiency values calculated from this data fit well with the weight loss experiments. The AC impedance studies reveal that the mild steel surface is positively charged and the process of inhibition is through charge transfer. Polarisation studies indicate the mixed nature of the inhibitor. Thermodynamic parameters obtained predict that the process of inhibition is a spontaneous one.     

不同喷涂距离WC10Co4Cr涂层抗磨损性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备出WC10Co4Cr涂层。利用显微硬度试验机测试了涂层的硬度,通过橡胶轮磨粒磨损试验和扫描电镜(SEM)对涂层磨粒磨损性能和磨损形貌进行分析,利用静态液压万能试验机进行涂层剥离测试分析。结果表明:涂层的硬度随着喷涂距离的增大而增加。WC10Co4Cr涂层,其磨损失效形式主要以小颗粒脱落为主。     

亚微米WC添加对超音速火焰喷涂WC–Co涂层磨损性能影响

采用湿法球磨将亚微米WC（~300 nm）和WC–12Co粉末混合均匀并使亚微米WC均匀粘附于WC–12Co粉末的表面,采用超音速火焰喷涂方法（HVOF）在304不锈钢基体表面制备WC和WC–12Co的WC–Co复合涂层,研究亚微米WC的添加对涂层相组成、显微硬度、耐磨性能和表面形貌的影响。利用X射线衍射分析涂层相组成,压痕法测试涂层的显微硬度,通过往复式摩擦磨损实验测试磨损性能,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对涂层磨损表面和断面进行微观形貌观察,并分析涂层的磨损过程和机制。结果表明,添加质量分数5%的亚微米WC颗粒显著提高了涂层的显微硬度（16.3%）;增强了涂层的耐磨性,磨损率从6.09×10-7 mm3/Nm减小到5.15×10-7 mm3/Nm（减小13.8%）;亚微米WC颗粒喷涂后在涂层中保持了WC相,并主要存在于WC–Co扁平粒子界面和孔隙。基于涂层中扁平粒子的结合特性与磨损失效特征,建立强化模型,分析亚微米WC颗粒对涂层扁平粒子界面的强化机制。     

HVAP 及 HVOF 工艺制备 WC10Co4Cr 复合涂层及其性能研究

目的对比研究超音速等离子喷涂(HVAP)技术与超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术制备WC10Co4Cr涂层,并根据涂层组织形貌与电化学特性判断两种工艺的优劣。方法采用SEM及XRD分析WC10Co4Cr复合涂层的微观形貌和物相,在3.5%(质量分数)Na Cl溶液中对涂层进行电化学分析。结果 WC10Co4Cr涂层由较大的WC颗粒及粘结相组成,在喷涂过程中WC颗粒不断累积形成层片状结构,涂层有较小程度的失碳,形成了具有脆性的W2C。电化学极化测试表明,超音速等离子喷涂技术制备的涂层表现出优异的抗电化学腐蚀性能。结论超音速等离子喷涂技术制备的WC10Co4Cr涂层显微硬度为1197HV,孔隙率为0.50%,腐蚀电位为-0.3947 V,腐蚀电流密度为9.19×10-7A/cm2,腐蚀速率为1.01×10-2g/(m2·h),腐蚀深度为1.09×10-2mm/a,具有与超音速火焰喷涂涂层相似的耐腐蚀性能。     

Corrosion behavior of NiCr alloys in HCl-containing oxidation atmosphere at 700-800℃

Corrosion behaviors of pure Ni and three NiCr alloys were investigated in an HCl-containing oxidizing at-mosphere at 700℃ and 800℃. All materials suffer from accelerated corrosion at both temperatures. NiCr alloys show an initial mass loss due to the formation of volatile CrCl3 and CrO2Cl2. Some chlorides are detected at the scale/substrate interface and many voids are also found there. NiCr alloys with higher chromium content have better corrosion resistance. However, Ni50Cr is inferior to Ni25Cr due to its two-phase structure, which makes it easy for chlorine to diffuse along grain boundary and to occur inner oxidation. The relevant corrosion mechanism was also discussed.     

燃料类型及喷涂参数对HVOF喷涂WC10Co4Cr涂层的组织及力学性能的影响

超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）制备的WC基金属陶瓷涂层广泛应用于金属构件的磨损、腐蚀及空蚀防护。分别采用氢气燃料及煤油液体燃料HVOF喷涂设备分别在9种不同的工艺条件下制备了WC10Co4Cr涂层,研究了燃料类型对涂层的组织、残余应力及力学性能的影响规律。在两种燃料HVOF工艺各自优化的喷涂参数条件下,通过对基体曲率的原位监测对比测试了涂层中的平均残余应力;利用显微维氏硬度、压痕法（断裂韧性）和球盘摩擦磨损对比研究了涂层的力学性能。结果表明：液体燃料（LF）HVOF焰流中粒子的温度更低,速度更高。LF-HVOF喷涂的WC10Co4Cr涂层内的残余压应力更高且涂层致密度更高,而气体燃料（GF）HVOF喷涂的WC10Co4Cr涂层内为残余拉应力。LF-HVOF涂层（1280 HV_0.3, 7.3 MPa·m^0.5）比GF-HVOF涂层（1032 HV_0.3, 4.5 MPa·m^0.5）具有更高的硬度和断裂韧性,LF-HVOF涂层的耐磨性约为GF-HVOF涂层的1.7倍。     

TC18表面WC10Co4Cr涂层制备工艺及性能

高强度钛合金TC18表面采用超音速火焰喷涂制备WC10Co4Cr涂层是解决其耐磨损需求的重要手段之一。本文以氧气流量、煤油流量、喷涂距离和送粉量作为四个主要工艺参数构建了四因素3水平(L9_3_4)正交试验,通过对比涂层工艺参数对涂层孔隙率、W2C含量的影响,获得了优化的涂层制备工艺参数：氧气流量为873NLPM,煤油流量为22LPH,喷涂距离为380mm,送粉量为60g/min的工艺参数,涂层孔隙率不大于1%,显微硬度高达HV0.31204.8,结合强度高达74.5MPa,涂层弯曲后无剥落,满足AMS 2447标准要求。试验条件下,WC10Co4Cr涂层的磨损量为3.371×10_-7mm₃/N.m,TC18的磨损量为2.095×10_-3mm₃/N.m,WC10Co4Cr涂层大幅度提高了TC18钛合金的耐磨性能。     

Influence of Rust Layers on the Corrosion Behavior of Ultra-High Strength Steel 300M Subjected to Wet–Dry cyclic Environment with Chloride and Low Humidity

The influence of rust layers on the corrosion behavior of ultra-high strength steel 300 M subjected to a simulated coastal atmosphere was investigated by corrosion weight loss, surface analysis techniques, and electrochemical methods.The results exhibit the presence of a large proportion of c-Fe OOH and a-Fe OOH and a small amount of Fe3O4 in the outer rust layer. During the wet–dry cyclic process, the bonding performance and the density of outer rust layer deteriorate with the thickness of outer rust. The inner rust layer plays a main role on protectiveness, which can be attributed to the formation of an ultra-dense and adherent rust film with major constituent of a-Fe OOH and a-Fe2O3 on the steel.     

高焓等离子喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层的耐磨性

为提高马氏体不锈钢（0Cr13Ni4Mo）的表面硬度及耐磨性能,对不锈钢表面进行高焓等离子喷涂WC10Co4Cr强化,对涂层进行组织观察和物相组成分析,并在不同温度下进行了摩擦磨损试验。研究表明：WC10Co4Cr涂层组织致密,主要由WC物相构成,另外还有少量的W2C和Co25Cr25W8C2。在室温和高温（400 ℃）时,WC10Co4Cr涂层均具有较低的摩擦因数。室温时,基体的磨损机制主要以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主。WC10Co4Cr涂层其磨损机制主要以微切削为主。400 ℃条件下,不锈钢基体的磨损机理主要以粘着磨损和剥层为主,磨痕边缘部位主要以磨粒磨损为主。WC10Co4Cr涂层试样的磨损机制主要以磨粒磨损为主,伴随有剥层现象出现。     

Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Ni–P Coatings in 0.5 M H2SO4

An increase in the phosphorus content in Ni–P coatings (from 6.6 to 13.4%) is shown to be accompanied by amorphization of their structure and a decrease in the anodic dissolution rate (at low overvoltages) by two–three orders of magnitude, whereas the corrosion rate is decreased to a lesser degree. Polarization curves of the coatings measured in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ comprise two linear segments and no passive range. In the first segment, the b _a coefficient is shown to be anomalously high (0.4–0.5 V for amorphous alloys), and the dissolution is controlled by transient volume diffusion of nickel and accompanied by surface accumulation of phosphorus. Being added as a stabilizer, thiourea reduces the corrosion resistance of the coatings and increases the dissolution currents, which can be to a considerable degree eliminated by increasing the phosphorus content in the coatings. The adverse effect of Pb incorporation into the coatings manifests itself as a substantial acceleration of their anodic dissolution.     

Microstructure and properties of in situ synthesized TiB2＋WC reinforced composite coatings

Nickel-based composite coatings reinforced by in situ synthesized TiB2 and WC particles were deposited on stainless steel by laser cladding,and their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.The results show that the coatings are mainly composed of γ-Ni cellular dendrites and dispersed spherical/strip/network shaped TiB2 and equiaxiai WC particles.The initial WC particles are dissolved to become fine and mostly dispersed within γ-Ni cellular dendrites.The coating prepared at a special laser energy of 0.225 kJ.mm-2 is uniform,continuous,and free of pores and cracks.With the decrease in special energy density,TiB2 phase changes from fine spherical particles which cluster together to strip shape with different morphologies and further crystallizes to form network structure,and the dispersion zone also gradually changes from intragranular to intergranular phase.The coating possesses a higher microhardness compared with the substrate,and it has a good metallurgical bond with the substrate and excellent cracking resistance.     

Effect of pretreatment on electrochemical etching behavior of Al foil in HCl–H2SO4

The aluminum foil for high voltage aluminum electrolytic capacitor was immersed in 0.5 mol/L H₃PO₄ or 0.125 mol/L NaOH solution at 40 °C for different time and then DC electro-etched in 1 mol/L HCl+2.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ electrolyte at 80 °C. The pitting potential and self corrosion potential of Al foil were measured with polarization curves (PC). The potentiostatic current—time curve was recorded and the surface and cross section images of etched Al foil were observed with SEM. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of etched Al foil and potential transient curves (PTC) during initial etching stage were measured. The results show the chemical pretreatments can activate Al foil surface, facilitate the absorption, diffusion and migration of Cl^? onto the Al foil during etching, and improve the initiation rate of meta-stable pits and density of stable pits and tunnels, leading to much increase in the real surface area and special capacitance of etched Al foil.     

WC粒度对WC-10Co-4Cr复合粉末特性及其涂层性能的影响

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了微米结构、亚微米结构、纳米结构以及多尺度结构的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,研究了WC粒度对WC-10Co-4Cr复合粉末表面和内部结构及其涂层的孔隙率、硬度分布和断裂韧性的影响规律.结果表明:采用团聚烧结法制备的热喷涂粉末球形度较高,表面呈疏松多孔状,主要物相为WC、Co和Co3W3C;利用...     

通过添加Cr3C2来提高传统合金的性能

了提高尤其是硬度和强度等力学性能，专业文献建议使用0．5％以上的Cr3C2.本文强调，当Cr3C2的最大含量为0．5％时，添加Cr3C。的WC—Co类硬质合金能够获得某种性能．     

Ag-Cu+WC复合钎料钎焊ZrO2陶瓷和TC4合金

采用新型Ag-Cu+WC复合钎料进行ZrO₂陶瓷和TC4合金钎焊连接,探究了接头界面组织及形成机制,分析了钎焊温度对接头界面结构和力学性能的影响. 结果表明,接头界面典型结构为ZrO₂/TiO+Cu₃Ti₃O/TiCu+TiC+W+Ag_(s,s)+Cu_(s,s)/TiCu₂/TiCu/Ti₂Cu/TC4. 钎焊过程中,WC颗粒与Ti发生反应,原位生成TiC和W增强相,为Ti-Cu金属间化合物、Ag基和Cu基固溶体提供了形核质点,同时抑制了脆性Ti-Cu金属间化合物的生长,优化了接头的微观组织和力学性能. 随钎焊温度的升高,接头反应层的厚度逐渐增加,WC颗粒与Ti的反应程度增强. 当钎焊温度890 ℃、保温10 min时,复合钎料所得接头抗剪强度达到最高值82.1 MPa,对比Ag-Cu钎料所得接头抗剪强度提高了57.3%.     

Corrosion properties of nickel free austenitic stainless steels in 0·5M H2SO4 and 0·5M H2SO4 plus 0·4M NaCl

Abstract

The corrosion behaviour of four nickel free austenitic stainless steels were investigated in 0·5M H₂SO₄ and 0·5M H₂SO₄ plus 0·4M NaCl solutions by means of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic anodic polarisation testing. The performances of the nickel free alloys are compared to those of an experimental intermediate nickel alloy (4%Ni) and a standard AISI 304 steel grade. Once passivity was reached all alloys displayed similar current densities i _p in 0·5M H₂SO₄, independent from alloying. Mo and Cu were shown to be beneficial in decreasing the active dissolution currents and i _crit values. The commercial AISI 304 steel displayed superior resistance to pit initiation during potentiodynamic testing, and AISI 304 steel displayed the highest E _pit value of all alloys tested. When tested potentiostatically the N and Mo alloyed nickel free alloys showed excellent resistance to pit initiation and growth. The dominant effect of N was associated with repassivation of incipient pits, while Mo appeared to act at an earlier stage, suppressing initiation.     

High-Temperature Corrosion Behavior in Different Regions of 9 Cr-1 Mo Steel Weldment in SO2 + O2 Atmosphere

This paper investigates the high-temperature corrosion behavior of microstructurally different regions of the weldment of 9 Cr-1 Mo steel used in thermal power plant boiler in SO₂ + O₂ environment. The weldment is produced by tungsten inert gas welding method, and the different regions of the weldment (weld metal, heat-affected zone, and base metal) are exposed in SO₂ + O₂ (ratio 2:1) environment at 973 K for 120 h. The reaction kinetics and corrosion growth rate of different regions of weldment in isothermal condition are evaluated. The post corroded scales of the different specimens are studied in SEM, EDS, and XRD. The results indicate that the weld metal shows higher corrosion rate followed by HAZ and base metal. The higher rate of corrosion of weldmetal is mainly attributed to the least protective inner scale of Cr₂O₃ with minimum Cr Content. This is due to the formation of delta ferrite, which leads to the precipitation of the Cr-based secondary phases and depletes the free Cr from the matrix. The thermal cycles during welding at high temperature are favorable for the formation of delta ferrite. On the other hand, in absence of delta ferrite, the base metal and HAZ regions of the weldment show lower corrosion rate than weld metal. The difference in corrosion rate in the three regions of the weldment is supplemented by post-corroded scale characterizations.     

Effect of Ni content on corrosion behavior of Ni/（10NiO-90NiFe2O4） cermet inert anode

Ni/（10NiO-90NiFe2O4） cermet inert anodes with metal Ni content of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 （mass fraction, %） were prepared and their corrosion behavior in Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts was investigated in laboratory electrolysis tests. The results indicate that the content of metal Ni in anodes has little effect on the steady-state concentration of impurities Ni and Fe in electrolyte and the values range in （114-173）×10^-6 and （287-385）×10^-6, but the content of impurities in the metal aluminum manifolds. There is preferential corrosion for metal Ni in NiO-NiFe2O4 based cermet anodes. Considering the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity, the cermet containing 5%Ni （mass fraction） behaves best among NiO-NiFe2O4 based cermet anodes studied, and should be further studied.     

Adsorption Properties and Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 Solution by Some Triazol Compound

The effect of 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid [1,2,4]triazol derivative (DBTE) on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution was evaluated in this study by means of weight loss test, EIS, potentiodynamic polarization, and SEM. The results revealed that DBTE acted as a mixed-type inhibitor without change of the mechanism of hydrogen evolution. The inhibition efficiency increased with the increase in concentration of DBTE, and the adsorption behavior of DBTE on the mild steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters reveal that the chemisorption was the dominant adsorption process, and good inhibition performances in the studied range of temperatures were observed.     

Preliminary testing of NiFe_2O_4-NiO as ceramic matrix of cermet inert anode in aluminum electrolysis

1　INTRODUCTIONTheideaofusinginertanodes(alsocallednon consumableoroxygen evolvinganodes)inaluminumproductionisasoldastheHall H啨ｒｏｕｌｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ,dat ingbacktothediscoveryofoneoftheinventors ,Hall[1] .Inertanodesareintendedtoreplacethecon sumablecarbonanodethatiscurrentlyused .Withacarbonanode ,thecellreactionisAl2 O3+ 3/ 2C =2Al+ 3/ 2CO2 (1)where　acryolite basedmelt(Na3AlF6 AlF3 CaF2 )atnear 96 0℃servesassolventforthealumina .Withaninertanode ,thecellreactionwillbeAl2 …