一种改进的并行计算图划分模型

图划分成功地应用在许多领域,但应用于并行计算时,使用边割度量通信量,其主要缺点是不能准确代表通信量,而且图划分模型没有考虑通信延迟和通信额外开销的分布对并行性能的影响.提出了改进的图划分模型,该模型将影响并行性能的多个要素(通信延迟、最大的局部通信额外开销和整体通信额外开销)整合到一个统一的代价函数,不仅克服了图划分模型中边割度量的一些缺点,而且可以通过调整加权参数,处理不同的优化目标和强调不同因素对并行性能的影响.     

基于多目标优化的网络通信任务均衡分配方法研究

针对传统方法网络通信任务分配均衡性较差问题,笔者提出基于多目标优化的网络通信任务均衡分配方法。首先该方法应用层次描述法对分层描述网络通信任务,将网络通信任务按类别划分,以延迟最小、耗能最小、分配均衡作为分配目标,然后建立任务均衡分配的目标函数,运用遗传算法对函数求解,最后得到最合理的分配方案。经对比实验,证明了本方法对网络通信任务分配的均衡性提升有较好的效果。     

基于多层k路划分的三维网格并行任务分配策略

为解决传统任务划分方法在三维网格并行计算任务分配阶段产生的通信开销大的问题,提出了一种基于多层k路划分算法的并行任务分配策略.首先利用多层k路划分算法划分三维网格,将任务划分问题转化为图划分问题,然后基于图划分结果给出一个任务映射并行算法将计算任务分配到各计算结点.在深腾1800上求解三维网格模型最短路径问题的实验结果表明,相比于传统的行列划分任务分配策略,该策略在保证负裁平衡的同时有效地降低了通信开销,算法的运行时间减少,加速比得到提高.     

基于极大团的边缘云节点聚合算法

组合多个边缘云可以向用户提供更强大的云计算服务,在大量边缘云节点集合中选择适当的节点进行组合是一项具有挑战性的任务。该问题被建模成由云节点作为顶点、节点之间的链路作为边的资源拓扑图。云组合的构建过程等同于在该图中选择子图的过程,这是一个NP完全问题。子图的选择策略是决定云组合性能的重要因素,现有的minStar算法贪心地选择节点之间通信延迟最小的子图,将最优资源分配给当前用户,导致了局部最优和全局性能不良的问题。鉴于此,提出基于极大团的边缘云资源分配算法,提取图中的极大团并将其划分为若干互不重叠的规模较小的完全子图,以子图为单位构建资源块,以资源块为单位进行资源的分配。实验结果表明,与minStar算法相比,新算法将全局最大通信延迟降至原来的50%。     

面向MapReduce计算模式的中间数据通信优化

针对MapReduce计算模式在Map阶段结束后会产生海量中间数据,导致存在大量跨越机架交换机的数据通信问题,提出一种优化Map密集型作业的中间数据通信优化方法。首先,提取MapReduce计算作业的运行前调度信息的特征并且量化数据通信活跃度;然后,采用朴素贝叶斯分类模型实现分类预测,将历史作业的运行数据作为样本来训练分类模型;最后,根据作业分类预测结果把通信活跃的作业集中映射到同一机架中,通过提高通信局部性来优化性能瓶颈。实验结果表明,所提方案对Shuffle子过程稠密的作业优化效果明显,能够提高4%~5%的计算性能;此外,在多用户运行情况下能降低4.1%中间数据通信延迟。所提方法可有效降低大数据计算过程中的通信延迟,提高异构集群的计算性能。     

无线传感器网络中多目标优化节点部署模型

针对多跳无线传感器网络中数据采集只采用单目标优化策略带来的问题,提出了一种基于多目标优化的可移动sink节点部署模型.该模型以网络能耗最小和数据延迟最小为优化目标,采用多目标线性规划方法获得节点部署的较优解,在能量消耗和数据收集延迟中取得平衡.仿真结果表明,该模型能够给决策制定者提供更优的无线网络数据采集方案,提高了数据采集的质量.     

中继通信系统中的功率分配研究

对中继协作通信系统中的功率分配问题进行了研究。给出了多中继协作通信网络模型,针对该模型,分析了等功率分配、中断概率最小的功率分配、传输速率最大的功率分配和节点选择功率分配等四种功率分配方案,从数学上对各种方案的实现进行了描述,并对各种方案能否实现功率的优化配置及实现难易程度进行了讨论。     

极小通讯延迟的虚拟机分配算法

在现代基于虚拟化的数据中心上,虚拟机分配是实现云中资源有效调度的首要考虑。在云系统中,大数据被划分成多个数据存储在数据中心的数据结点上等待虚拟机处理,此时不仅存在虚拟机处理数据时的通讯延迟,也存在汇总计算结果时虚拟机之间的通讯延迟。虚拟机分配策略的不同将导致最大通讯延迟的不同。已经证明对数据结点分配虚拟机,并考虑虚拟机之间的通讯延迟,使得最大通讯延迟最小的问题是NPhard问题。提出了一种新的虚拟机分配算法。该算法首先判断在通讯延迟的某一阈值内是否存在规模多于数据结点的能够互相通讯的虚拟机机群。若存在则用有效的回溯法寻找在此阈值下由虚拟机构成的完全子图,然后采用Hopcroft-Karp算法将完全子图中的虚拟机分配给数据结点。这种方法能够有效减小解空间,降低虚拟机分配的时间。实验结果表明,所提算法在Tree、VL2、Fat-Tree和BCube网络结构中,与当前最新的近似算法相比,平均情况下最大通讯延迟分别降低了10.39%、5.68%、9.09%、5.45%。     

基于改进图划分的异构并行计算模型设计

为了实现大规模计算机集群上的高效分布式并行计算,设计了一种基于改进图划分和量子遗传算法的异构节点并行计算模型;首先,介绍了传统图划分模型并分析了其不足,然后从图的有向性、通信开销计算和负载均衡度等方面对传统的图划分模型进行了改进,从而得到一个改进的图划分模型;最后,以最小化通信开销和优化资源负载均衡为目标,通过设计编码方案,在改进的图划分模型上提出了采用量子遗传算法获取最优任务划分方案的最优解;仿真实验表明:文中方法能有效实现任务的并行计算,与其它方法相比,具有较小的通信开销和较好的负载均衡度,具有很强的可行性。     

隧道多中继协作通信系统功率分配与容量优化

基于多波模信道模型建立了矩形隧道多中继协作通信系统模型,给出了放大转发和译码转发协作模式下多中继协作通信系统的信道容量计算公式。在系统总功率受限的情况下,提出了基于遗传算法的隧道多中继放大转发协作通信系统优化功率分配方法和隧道多中继译码转发协作通信系统多重KKT优化功率分配方法,以优化系统的信道容量。仿真结果表明,隧道多中继协作通信系统优化功率分配方法可提升系统的信道容量。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.