人工免疫中B细胞和T细胞的协同演化方法

在机体免疫系统中,B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞协同起来识别抗原。B细胞在初次识别到抗原后,以较高的概率进行变异和自我复制,形成新的识别能力,使得免疫系统具有高的适应性;T细胞则负责协同B细胞进行免疫识别。该文借鉴B、T细胞的免疫机制,提出了一个B识别器和T识别器—BT协同识别方法。并详细描述了BT识别器协同识别抗原、二次识别反应的演化过程。该模型克服了一般反向选择算法误识别率高的缺点,同时又保证了系统的动态适应性。     

入侵检测中基于残余抗原理论的动态记忆算法

依据生物免疫的防御层次结构,分析了网络入侵的多层防御体系.引入生物学中残余抗原理论,结合入侵检测过程中存在的残余抗原,提出了一种新的基于残余抗原理论的动态记忆算法.在此基础上,分析了算法的设计思想,给出了算法的具体实现过程.实验数据表明:该算法实现了识别器记忆的动态性和持久性,并且能够提高系统资源的利用率.     

免疫入侵检测中基于数据场的动态识别算法

将数据场理论引入到计算机免疫的研究中,设计了一种识别器的构造方法及其动态识别算法。抗体的培育是建立在不完全自体集的基础上,算法可以识别出未知自体,降低自免疫反应发生的概率,并通过动态识别算法完善抗体集,克服了现有的入侵检测系统对自体集要求较高的局限性,简化了克隆变异以及记忆机制的实现方法。实验表明：新的免疫动态识别方法使入侵检测系统具有更高的动态平衡性和自适应性。     

免疫识别器动态覆盖性的选择策略

免疫识别器的浓度、系统资源占用与人工免疫系统的有效性具有重要的关联关系。在尽可能少地占用系统资源,即降低识别器浓度的前提下,为了更有效地识别NONSELF,保证识别器的动态覆盖性是关键。文章根据机体免疫学的动力学原理,提出了一种动态选择算法,通过对识别器的优胜劣汰提高识别器集合的整体识别能力。     

基于云模型的识别技术

以机体免疫思想的人工免疫系统作为一种动态自适应的方法,可以更好地解决传统的网络防御方法的被动、静态等缺点。引入云模型的概念,提出了人工免疫系统中云识别的理论,即根据环境的需要用多个识别器对不确定性抗原进行联合云识别,以达到降低伪肯定率和伪否定率的目的。     

基于云模型的识别技术

以机体免疫思想的人工免疫系统作为一种动态自适应的方法，可以更好地解决传统的网络防御方法的被动、静态等缺点。引入云模型的概念，提出了人工免疫系统中云识别的理论，即根据环境的需要用多个识别器对不确定性抗原进行联合云识别，以达到降低伪肯定率和伪否定率的目的。     

基于事件驱动的动态免疫分簇路由算法*

为了降低应用于突发事件监测的无线传感器网络的能量消耗,设计实现了一种基于事件驱动的动态免疫分簇路由算法。将生物免疫系统的工作机制应用到无线传感器网络事件驱动的动态分簇算法中,事件作为抗原,传感器节点作为抗体,抗体对抗原有记忆保存的功能,使得相似的抗原再次出现时对事件及时响应。相似事件再次发生且传感器节点符合能量要求时,可以直接调用抗体中的记忆,对事件进行快速建簇,节省了簇的建立过程所消耗的大量能量,增加了网络的数据传输量,延长了网络的生命周期。仿真结果表明,生物免疫机制的学习记忆特性可以有效提高事件驱动的动态分簇算法的网络性能。     

基于逻辑程序的免疫识别器动态覆盖性初探

免疫识别器的动态覆盖与人工免疫系统的有效性具有重要的关联关系,应该用尽可能少的识别器覆盖尽可能多的NONSELF空间。根据识别器的动态覆盖性原理,引入逻辑程序来表示免疫识别器,并运用逻辑程序的更新特性,试图消除识别器所识别出的NONSELF空间的冗余,降低识别器的浓度,增强识别器的动态覆盖性。     

人工免疫记忆模型研究

免疫记忆模型对人工免疫具有重要的作用。文中详细研究了两种免疫记忆模型:记忆细胞模型和残余抗原模型。并对这两种模型进行了详细的分析和对比。最后,对残余抗原模型进行了改进,从而实现了残余抗原的动态性。     

人工免疫记忆模型研究

免疫记忆模型对人工免疫具有重要的作用。文中详细研究了两种免疫记忆模型：记忆细胞模型和残余抗原模型。并对这两种模型进行了详细的分析和对比。最后，对残余抗原模型进行了改进．从而实现了残余抗原的动态性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.