磷矿浮选尾矿矿石特性研究

以贵州瓮福磷矿浮选后的尾矿资源为研究对象,研究了其反应活性、抗阻缓性及酸解反应工艺特性.得出,尾矿主要物相是白云石,其反应活性为99.65%,抗阻缓系数为12.87,最佳酸解反应工艺条件为:反应时间90 min,液固比3,浸出温度80℃,酸过量系数1.05,MgO的浸出率高于P2O5的浸出率(均高于95%).研究表明:瓮福磷矿浮选尾矿反应活性好,有一定的抗阻缓性,MgO和P2O5在酸解过程中近乎是同时浸出,只是前者略高于后者.本研究可为综合利用浮选尾矿中的镁、磷提供必要的基础理论依据,对低品位磷矿的利用有一定借鉴作用.     

含稀土中低品位磷矿石盐酸酸解工艺研究

针对贵州织金新华含稀土中低品位磷矿石的特点,采用盐酸法对其进行了酸解工艺条件研究,考察了矿石粒度、酸过量系数、反应温度、反应时间、液固比等条件对P2O5和REO浸出效果的影响。结果表明,在矿石粒度为-0.074mm占80%,酸过量系数为1.10,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为80min,液固比为3∶1的工艺条件下,可获得P2O5浸出率为97.89%,REO浸出率为97.31%的较好指标。     

混酸法浸取硫铁矿烧渣的试验研究

影响硫酸和盐酸混酸法浸取硫铁矿烧渣反应的主要因素包括硫酸过量系数、盐酸用量、水用量、温度、时间,通过正交实验得出影响浸出率各因素的重要性依次为:温度＞水量＞硫酸过量系数＞盐酸过量系数＞反应时间,优化工艺条件为:温度90℃、水量30 mL、硫酸过量系数1.3、盐酸用量为理论用量的0.2、时间180 min,浸取率达到93...     

硫酸连续分解高镁磷尾矿的实验研究

模拟工业硫酸分解磷矿制磷酸装置分解高镁磷尾矿以回收其中的P2O5及MgO,详细考察了硫酸过量系数、搅拌转速、液固比、反应温度和反应时间对P2O5及MgO转化率的影响,在最佳工艺条件下P2O5的转化率为95.52%,MgO的转化率为98.56%;随着液相表观sO3质量浓度的增加,磷石膏的过滤强度增大,适宜的液相表观SO3质量浓度为0.155～0.16g/mL,此时磷石膏的过滤强度为1765.6kg/m2·h.     

含稀土磷矿酸浸出稀土及杂质

研究了硫磷混酸分解含稀土磷矿时稀土和杂质的浸出行为.结果表明,磷酸浓度为8.6 mol/L、浸出时间3 h、硫酸过量系数1.00、温度80℃、液固比6:1 L/g的条件下,织金和矾山磷矿中稀土氧化物浸出率分别为62.73%和52.84%.在一定范围内,两地磷矿中稀土浸出率随时间和液固比增大而增大,随硫酸过量系数和温度增加先增后减,主要轻稀土组分(Y2O3,La2O3,Ce O2,Nd2O3)浸出率随原子序数增大而减小,矿石种类不同,稀土进入磷酸溶液中的规律相同.     

半水法湿法磷酸萃取条件对P_2O_5回收率的影响

采用连续投料方式模拟半水法湿法磷酸生产工艺,研究了料浆液固比、搅拌速度、过量硫酸含量、液相P2O5浓度及反应温度对P2O5回收率的影响。结果表明,随着料浆液固比、反应温度的增大,P2O5回收率逐渐增大,随着搅拌速度、过量硫酸含量、液相P2O5浓度的增大,P2O5回收率先增大后减小。通过正交试验优化得到最优萃取工艺条件为:液固比3.0∶1、搅拌速度165 r/min、过量硫酸含量12%、液相P2O5浓度46%、反应温度95℃,此时P2O5回收率可达98.16%。     

铬铁矿硫酸酸解过程强化

针对铬铁矿硫酸酸解条件苛刻的难题,提出机械活化和氧化剂相结合强化铬铁矿硫酸酸解过程的新方法.以南非铬铁矿为原料,考察了液固比、硫酸浓度、机械活化、氧化剂加入量、温度等参数对铬浸出过程的影响,对铬铁矿硫酸酸解过程铬的浸出动力学进行了研究.结果表明,最佳浸出条件为:液固比2.4 m L/g,硫酸浓度80%(?),机械活化时间20 min,氧化剂加入量13%(?),温度120℃,浸出时间5 h,该条件下铬浸出率达92.36%.浸出过程符合未反应收缩核模型.     

煤气化粉煤灰酸浸工艺条件的研究

在常压、较低温度（≤100℃）下,开展了煤气化粉灰硫酸浸出工艺条件的研究。以煤气化粉煤灰中Al2O3的浸出率为主要考察指标,通过单因素条件实验和正交实验,分别考察了粉煤灰活化焙烧温度、酸浸反应温度、酸浸反应时间、硫酸溶液质量浓度、液固比等因素的变化对煤气化粉煤灰中Al2O3浸出率的影响。在无需活化焙烧、不使用助剂的条件下,确定较适宜的酸浸工艺条件为：酸浸反应温度95℃、酸浸反应时间5h、硫酸溶液质量浓度40％、液固比4．5：1;此条件下的重复实验表明煤气化粉煤灰中Al2O3的平均浸出率为94．87％。     

双酸法提取硫铁矿烧渣中铁

应用硫酸-盐酸混酸浸出回收硫铁矿烧渣中的铁,探讨了主要因素对铁浸取率的影响,确定了最佳浸取条件。结果表明,各因素对铁浸取率影响的显著性为:硫酸浓度>盐酸用量>浸取时间>硫酸过量系数;提高反应体系温度,增加盐酸用量均能提高铁的浸取率,而硫酸浓度、反应时间以及硫酸过量系数对铁浸取率存在最佳值。在反应体系沸腾温度为118~125℃,浸取时间为3 h,硫酸浓度为50%~60%,盐酸用量为0.25ml·(g烧渣)^-1,硫酸过量系数为1.2的条件下,硫酸烧渣中铁的浸取率达到93.1%,明显高于单一酸的浸取率,提高了铁的资源综合利用率。     

硫酸浸取硫铁矿烧渣工艺条件的优化

对硫酸浸取硫铁矿烧渣反应进行了实验研究,探讨了影响浸取反应的影响因素。主要考察了反应温度、反应时间、硫酸浓度及硫酸用量过量系数对铁浸出率的影响,通过4因素4水平正交试验得出各种影响因素的极差值依次为：反应温度（0.212）、时间（0.075 5）、过量系数（0.062 5）、浓度（0.057 7）,其中温度影响最为显著。优化的工艺条件温度为100 ℃、时间为3 h、过量系数为1.05、浓度为8 mol/L,实际操作中由于温度在100 ℃时不便于控制,可以采用微加压更有利于浸出率的提高。      

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

The Growth‐Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF‐7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content

Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth‐inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty‐acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment‐dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low‐BHI PRF or high‐BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low‐BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high‐BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.     

Fatty Acid Profiles of Oil Obtained from Mid-Oleic Sunflowers Grown in Tropical Region

This study aimed to verify whether the fatty acid profiles of mid-oleic genotypes grown in the tropical region of Brazil fit the Codex Alimentarius and to examine the possibility of using traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids. For this purpose, we assessed the fatty acid profile of six mid-oleic hybrids grown in environments with different minimum temperatures during oil formation in the achenes. The tests were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in an experimentally randomized complete block design with four replications. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography. The mid-oleic hybrids presented varying levels of fatty acids, with oleic acid ranging between 43.6% and 84.6%, linoleic acid between 8.5% and 45.6%, palmitic acid between 3.9% and 5.7%, and stearic acid between 2.2% and 6.2%. Some of the fatty acid values were outside the ranges established by the CODEX STAN 210-1999 and were characteristic of high-oleic type sunflowers. This finding shows that we can take advantage of the potential of combining traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids for faster and more economical breeding programs in these environments.     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。     

草酸作助剂磷钨酸催化H2O2氧化环己醇合成己二酸

在无有机溶剂、无相转移催化剂条件下,以草酸作助剂,采用磷钨酸催化过氧化氢氧化环己醇的方法来制备己二酸。考察了磷钨酸用量、反应时间、反应温度、过氧化氢用量及草酸用量对己二酸的分离产率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件,即环己醇10.51 mL、磷钨酸0.6 mmol/L、草酸1.0 mmol/L,H2O2(30%)70 mL,温度85℃、时间8 h,己二酸的最大分离产率为77.83%,纯度为99.9%。