平面三自由度冗余并联机构的驱动奇异性分析

分析了PRPR-2PRR、PRR-2PRR和4-PRR等三种平面冗余并联机构的驱动奇异位形，通过与平面3-PRR非冗余并联机构的比较，研究了采用不同机构冗余类型消除并联机构奇异位形的方法及其特点，为冗余并联机构的尺度综合、路径规划和控制提供了依据。     

平面3-PRR非对称并联机构动力学分析

对一种平面三自由度非对称并联机构(3-PRR并联机构)进行运动学分析,基于虚功原理和该机构的运动学模型建立机构的动力学模型,并通过数值仿真,求解动力学模型,得到系统驱动力的变化规律。结果表明,机构在一个周期内两次穿越奇异位形,对机构的动态特性影响很大,因此系统设计阶段,应进一步对机构尺寸进行优化。研究对进一步分析3-PRR并联机构的运动稳定性、机构优化设计和系统控制等实际工程应用提供了理论基础。     

一种新型四自由度并联机构的运动学分析

对一种新型的四滑块驱动的二平移二转动并联机构,进行了结构学分析,包括其自由度计算及输出运动类型分析;给出了位置分析的正、逆解,用一维搜索法求解了其数值位置正解,还对该机构的工作空间进行了分析。该机构可作为虚轴坐标测量机、并联机床及其他运动平台的可选机型,为该并联机器人机构的误差分析、动力学分析计算及工业应用奠定了基础。     

混合驱动柔索并联机器人的设计与分析

为了使柔索并联机器人高效率、大负载、高性能的运动输出,根据并联机器人机构结构综合理论,设计一种新型混合驱动柔索并联机器人机构,给出机构虚拟样机模型,该机构通过混合驱动平面五连杆并联机构驱动柔索牵引末端执行器完成期望轨迹跟踪运动。基于牛顿—欧拉方法,建立混合驱动柔索并联机器人系统的动力学方程,结合实例进行力学分析和数值仿真。结果表明,混合驱动柔索并联机器人机构设计合理,数学模型正确,为混合驱动柔索并联机器人物理样机设计制造和控制系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

一种新型五自由度混联机器人动力学建模与性能评价

研究一种新型五自由度混联机器人动力学建模和性能评价方法。该混联机器人的主机构为由一条串接一转动副的1T1R(T：平动,R：转动)平面并联运动链和两条空间无约束主动支链组成的1T2R三自由度并联机构。建立该机器人位置逆解、速度、加速度及其动力学模型,并通过Solidworks motion验证动力学模型的正确性。在此基础上,计及末端转头加减速运动对并联机构驱动关节驱动力的影响,并考虑到此类机构切向和法向运动的差异,基于矩阵奇异值理论分别提出该机器人并联机构切向和法向加减速特性评价指标,揭示关键尺度和结构参数对加减速特性影响规律,为机器人的集成优化设计提供参考依据。最后,通过比对分析验证所提出的新型五自由度混联机器人具有与著名Tricept机器人和Trimule机器人相似的加减速特性。     

虚拟轴并联机床多柔体运动误差分析

主要介绍了在Adams中对虚拟轴并联机床进行正逆解仿真分析的方法,在考虑机构柔性的情况下,结合Malab对一种五自由度虚拟轴并联机床的逆解和正解及额定负载下的运动误差进行分析。先用点驱动定义该机构末端的运动轨迹,仿真后测量得到各主动副的位移时间曲线即为逆解曲线。然后通过后处理模块对曲线进行处理,得到主动幅的驱动样条函数,再把该函数施加在五个主动幅上进行仿真,得到的机器末端位姿曲线即为正解轨迹。采用该方法分别对多刚体虚拟轴并联机床的运动轨迹和多柔体虚拟轴并联机床的运动轨迹进行了分析,通过分析发现该虚拟轴并联机床具有刚度大、精度高等优点。     

Delta并联机器人运动学与动力学仿真研究

以Delta并联机器人为研究对象,用三维设计软件Pro/E建立其样机模型,通过简化Delta并联机器人机构模型,用D-H矩阵法建立其运动学方程,得出正、逆解,给定动平台的运动轨迹进行轨迹规划,用Matlab软件计算出各支链的驱动臂张角,将样机模型和计算结果导入到ADAMS软件中,添加约束驱动等,进行运动学和动力学仿真分析,所得结果与理论计算结果一致,为Delta并联机器人的设计、优化和运动控制提供依据.     

平面3自由度并联机器人的动力学设计

从动力学角度分析一种平面3自由度并联机器人的设计问题.首先,基于Lagrange方程导出此平面3自由度并联机器人的动力学方程.然后,基于系统动力学方程提出机构参数设计的三点措施.例如,可以通过在系统中添加适当的平衡质量消除动力学方程中重力项和大部分耦合项的影响.采取这些措施对提高并联机器人系统的动态特性、易控性,以及增强系统运行的稳定性和精度等都具有重要作用.最后,通过算例验证这些措施在降低驱动力矩和减少系统能耗方面的可行性和效果.这些内容可为进一步研究此并联机器人的动力学特性、优化设计和控制等提供指导.采用的方法对其他多自由度多连杆机构的动力学分析和动力学设计具有重要的借鉴意义.     

索杆高度可变的3自由度欠约束并联机器人的力学分析

柔索驱动并联机器人是并联机构中的一种特殊柔性机构,通过使用柔索代替刚性杆驱动末端执行器,其综合了柔性机器人和并联机器人两方面的优点。研究了一种索杆高度可变的3自由度欠约束并联机器人,根据矢量闭环原理,建立该机器人的逆运动学模型;根据柔索的长度,推导该机器人的正运动学模型;采用拉格朗日公式,建立该机器人的动力学模型;利用Monte-Carlo方法,研究该机器人的静力学工作空间;给定末端执行器的运动轨迹,通过机器人的逆运动学模型得出3根柔索的期望长度,以3根柔索的期望长度作为实验输入,得到3根柔索的实验长度曲线和拉力曲线以及机器人的正运动学轨迹。实验结果验证了该机器人的正逆运动学和动力学模型的正确性以及工作空间的有效性。     

一种新型伪四自由度并联机器人的设计与分析

通过对传统并联机器人结构与性能的分析,设计了一种新型的伪四自由度并联机器人,克服了传统机器人驱动电机数量与自由度数量相等的障碍,有效地简化了四自由度并联机器人的制作工艺。将旋转轴固定在静平台上,两根主动臂与从动臂固定于动平台上,构成二自由度并联机构;两输出轴驱动两根主动臂旋转,带动末端执行机构在二维平面内运动;旋转轴驱动动平台进行旋转,实现末端执行机构在三维平面内的运动。分析了伪四自由度并联机器人的结构特点以及工作原理,建立了运动学模型,对其工作空间进行动态仿真并搭建硬件平台进行实验测试。实验结果表明该伪四自由度并联机器人能够提高运行速度并能准确定位抓取,实现四自由度机器人功能。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.