一种面向协同过滤的快速最近邻居搜索方法

针对协同过滤模型中寻找邻居集耗时,且部分邻居信息未能有效用于预测计算的问题,提出了一种快速搜寻最近邻居的方法。该方法改变了评分矩阵中数据组织方式,通过构建项目的用户评分列表和用户的项目评分列表,以此来筛选出对预测评分值产生影响的用户或项目,进而得到目标用户或项目的邻居集。该方法排除了不必要的相似性计算,提高了运算效率;而且还有效保证了预测计算中的邻居利用率,提高了推荐质量。在Movielens100k与Movielens1M两个数据集上的实验结果表明,所提出算法在运行时间、MAE、RMSE、F1值四个指标上均有较大提升。因此该算法在推荐系统领域具有良好的应用价值。     

考虑负相关性信息的协同过滤算法研究

为了研究Pearson负相关性信息对协同过滤算法的影响, 提出了一种考虑负相关性信息的协同过滤算法。该算法选取正相关用户作为最近邻居, 负相关用户作为最远邻居, 使用参数调节最近邻居和最远邻居在推荐过程中的作用。MovieLens数据集上的对比实验表明, 负相关性不仅可以提高推荐结果的准确性, 而且可以增加推荐列表的多样性; 进一步分析发现, 负相关性还可以大幅度提高不活跃用户的推荐准确性。该工作表明, 负相关性有助于解决推荐系统中准确性、多样性两难的问题和冷启动问题。     

结合项目相似度的协同过滤算法

传统的协同过滤算法因为数据集稀疏性的增加而导致推荐准确性降低。针对该问题提出一种结合项目相似度的协同过滤推荐算法。首先计算项目之间的相似度,然后根据项目之间相似度,预测用户未评分项目评分估值,以减小目标用户与候选最近邻居所形成的数据集稀疏性,最后根据用户相似度获得项目推荐集。实验结果表明,该算法能提高寻找最近邻居的准确性,从而改善协同过滤的推荐质量。     

协同过滤技术的改进研究

协同过滤算法应用于个性化推荐系统中取得了巨大成功,它是通过用户项目评分数据,以用户之间或者项目之间相互协作的方式来产生推荐。然而,邻居用户的相似度计算不精确一直是阻碍推荐系统推荐精度进一步提高的主要因素。从提高用户间相似度计算精度出发,提出了一种改进算法,该算法通过考虑不同特征、加强平均值影响、惩罚热门项目的比重,对用户的相似度计算方法进行改进,以期生成更加合理的邻居用户集,最后,根据评分预测公式进行预测,最终产生推荐。在MovieLens数据集上的实验表明,改进算法计算用户间的相似度更加精确,推荐算法的预测精确度有了显著提高。     

基于时间加权的个性化推荐算法研究

协同过滤算法是个性化推荐系统中应用最成功的推荐算法之一,但传统的算法没有考虑在不同时间段内寻找最近邻居问题,导致寻找的邻居集合可能不是最近邻居集合。针对这个问题,本文提出了基于时间加权的协同过滤算法。该算法赋予每项评分一个按时间逐步递减的权重,利用加权后的评分寻找目标用户的最近邻居。实验表明,改进的算法提高了协同过滤推荐系统的推荐质量。     

一种结合共同邻居和用户评分信息的相似度算法

随着互联网的发展,推荐系统逐步得到广泛应用,协同过滤(CF)是其中运用得最早.最成功的技术之一.CF首先根据用户间的相似度,找出每个用户的近邻;然后根据目标用户近邻的评分预测目标用户的评分;最后把预测评分较高的项目推荐给目标用户.因此相似度计算方法直接关系到预测结果的准确性,对推荐起着至关重要的作用.目前,学者们已从不同的角度提出了各种各样的相似度计算方法,其中共同邻居算法(common-neighbors)是一种简单有效的方法.但此法仅考虑了两用户间的共同邻居数,忽略了用户的具体评分信息.针对这个问题对共同邻居算法进行了改进,同时考虑了共同邻居数和用户的评分信息.实验结果表明,改进的共同邻居算法在一定程度上可提高评分预测的准确性.     

基于双重邻居选取策略的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤是电子商务推荐系统中应用最成功的推荐技术之一,但是传统的协同过滤推荐算法存在推荐精度低和抗攻击能力差的缺陷.针对这些问题,提出了一种基于双重邻居选取策略的协同过滤推荐算法.首先基于用户相似度计算的结果,动态选取目标用户的兴趣相似用户集.然后提出了一种用户信任计算模型,根据用户的评分信息,计算得到目标用户对兴趣相似用户的信任度,并以此作为选取可信邻居用户的依据.最后,利用双重邻居选取策略,完成对目标用户的推荐.实验结果表明该算法不仅提高了系统推荐精度,而且具有较强的抗攻击能力.     

基于项目聚类和评分的时间加权协同过滤算法

针对传统协同过滤算法中面临稀疏项目评分矩阵计算耗时不准确、同等对待不同时间段用户的项目评分这些影响推荐精度的问题,提出了基于项目聚类和评分的时间加权协同过滤推荐算法(TCF).该算法将项目评分与项目属性特征综合相似度高的聚到一个类别里,能有效解决数据稀疏性问题,降低生成最近邻居集合时间.引入时间加权函数赋予项目评分按时间递减的权重,根据加权后的评分寻找目标用户的最近邻居集合.实验从平均绝对误差、平均排序分和命中率三个指标来表明改进算法能有效提高推荐的准确性.     

结合用户聚类和项目类型的协同过滤算法

为了解决协同过滤算法中数据稀疏性问题,提高推荐效果,提出一种改进的协同过滤算法.该算法首先通过一种新的相似度计算方法来计算项目类型相似度,将相似度大于某阈值的项目作为目标项目的邻居;然后根据目标用户对邻居项目的评分信息来预测该用户对目标项目的评分值,并将预测值填入稀疏的用户项目评分矩阵;最后对填充后的评分矩阵采用基于用户聚类（K-means聚类）的协同过滤算法做出最终的预测评分进行推荐.在Movielens数据集上进行实验验证,结果表明该算法能够很好地缓解数据稀疏性、降低计算复杂度,提高推荐精度.     

一种改进Minhash的分布式协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法通过研究用户的喜好,实现从海量数据资源中为用户推荐其感兴趣的内容。衡量用户（资源）的相似性是协同过滤算法的核心内容,在数据量大的系统中,用户（资源）的相似性度量会面临准确性和计算复杂性等问题,影响到推荐效果。提出一种改进的协同过滤推荐算法,提取用户兴趣偏好的多值信息,运用改进Minhash算法度量用户相似性,并结合Mapreduce分布式计算,合理、高效地产生用户邻居,实现对用户的评分推荐。实验结果表明：改进算法能有效改善大数据集的推荐准确性并提高推荐效率,降低了推荐耗时。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。