基于预测控制的采煤机滚筒自动调高系统

为了快速跟随工作面顶板的起伏变化,提高采煤机截割滚筒调高系统的响应速度,防止截割顶板而造成部件的损坏,利用预测控制的理论和方法,建立了基于预测控制的采煤机截割滚筒自动调高控制系统,该系统通过历史数据对煤岩界面进行预测,实时调节调高油缸的位移,使采煤机的截割滚筒跟随煤岩界面。利用MATLAB/simulink构建了该系统的仿真模型,仿真试验表明:该系统对截割滚筒高度具有超前预见性,较常规传统控制系统的调节时间缩短0.25s,超调量减小4.8%,反应灵敏、波动小、工作平稳。预测算法中采样点的增多,对滚筒高度的波动和超调量有减小作用,但是调节时间增大。     

基于倒谱距离的采煤机煤岩截割振动信号识别

在基于煤岩截割振动信号分析的煤岩界面识别过程中,针对常规时频域分析方法对噪声敏感、振动信号能量变化适应性差等问题,提出一种基于倒谱距离的采煤机煤岩截割振动信号识别方法。通过分析振动传感器采集的采煤机不同负载状况下的截割振动信号,得出结论:与采煤机割岩状态相比,割煤状态下得到的振动信号与空载状态下的标准信号的倒谱距离更大;割岩状态下振动信号的倒谱距离呈明显的周期性,且周期为滚筒旋转1周的时间,而割煤状态下的振动信号无此特征。工业试验结果表明,该方法在煤岩硬度差大于10 MPa时,识别准确率达75%。     

基于红外热像检测的截齿煤岩截割特性与闪温分析

为实现采煤机截割过程中煤岩界面的精确动态识别,对采煤机截齿截割煤岩过程中的红外热像特性以及瞬态闪温差异进行研究,建立采煤机截齿煤岩截割试验台,分析得到截齿截割煤、岩过程中的温度演化规律及闪温特征.研究结果表明,截齿截割煤、岩过程中在齿尖一侧均产生突兀的点状闪温区,截岩时高温区范围与闪温瞬态峰值明显大于截煤过程,其二者峰值差与采煤机牵引速度及滚筒转速成正比,且煤岩硬度差异越大,截齿温度场峰值差越明显.研究结果为实现煤岩界面动态识别提供了重要的理论及数值依据.     

改进型采煤机滚筒调高记忆程控策略

为了提高采煤机滚筒高度调整的精确性,给出了采煤机滚筒静态调高模型,分析了液压调高系统的响应时间与记忆程控策略的关系,提出了考虑液压系统响应时间的改进型记忆程控策略。该策略将滚筒高度变化简化为线性变化,可在一定程度上避免滚筒调高过程中出现截割顶板的现象,提高了截割的安全性,且具有算法简单、调高精度高等优点。     

基于虚拟煤岩界面的采煤机上滚筒路径规划

针对采煤机上滚筒截割过程中在顶板煤岩界面弯曲区域极易截割到顶板岩石的问题,提出了一种基于虚拟煤岩界面的采煤机上滚筒路径规划方法。该方法定义了对上滚筒产生斥力的虚拟煤岩界面和虚拟引力场,模拟了上滚筒跟随煤岩界面落煤的运动过程,通过上滚筒的运动模拟计算出了截割路径离散点,并基于高斯核模型的l2约束最小二乘回归方法,通过训练路径离散点获得了一条光滑的上滚筒截割路径曲线。仿真结果表明,采用该方法规划的路径能够有效避免上滚筒截割到顶板煤岩界面弯曲区域的岩石。     

基于单片机的采煤机自动调高控制系统

以自然γ射线煤岩界面识别传感器煤厚测报模型为基础 ,对采煤机滚筒自动调高控制系统进行了设计 ,主要确定了系统的调高方案、硬件组成及控制器设计 ,为实现采煤机自动化建立了控制理论模型     

基于红外热像和振动信号的煤岩识别实验研究

针对现有煤岩识别技术存在的难以实际应用、易受信号干扰、成本高和实现复杂等问题,通过理论分析煤岩截割产热与煤岩硬度的关系,证明通过红外热像获取的截割温度变化来进行煤岩识别的合理性;搭建了掘进机截齿截割煤岩试验台,对不同硬度的普通煤层、煤岩交界处及中砂岩层进行长时间截割试验,通过红外热像仪和振动传感器分别获取截割温度和截割头振动信号并分析其变化规律。研究结果表明：(1)随着截割时间增加,截割温度逐渐升高;煤岩硬度越高,截割温度越高,且截割温度上升速率越快;在截割起始阶段无法通过截割温度识别煤岩,但在稳定截割时可根据截割温度特性识别煤岩。(2)截割头振动强度随着煤岩硬度增大而变大,但不随截割时间增加而产生明显变化,因此可弥补在截割起始阶段无法通过截割温度识别煤岩的不足。(3)通过单一截割温度或振动强度不能对煤岩进行准确识别,因此可在截割起始阶段和频繁出现闪温时通过振动强度来识别煤岩,而在截割稳定阶段通过红外热像获取的温度来识别煤岩。     

采煤机自动调高控制系统设计

由于综采工作面工作环境的复杂性和负载的随机性,导致记忆截割的自动调高存在控制累积偏差,使得采煤机截割效率降低.针对采煤自动调高的电液比例控制,建立了调高液压缸的数学模型,采用模糊PID控制策略设计了采煤机自动调高控制器.运用Matlab中的Simulink仿真模块对设计的采煤机控制器进行仿真分析,给定阶跃信号和正弦信号,比较传统PID和模糊PID的控制效果.结果表明,运用模糊PID控制的仿真曲线响应更平稳,更快,且控制效果达到工矿要求.     

USMC控制的采煤机HHT-PCA-MRVM煤岩辨识算法

针对井下无人、自动作业的新型采煤战略目标,提高对煤岩的辨识是至关重要的。在对采煤机截割电机控制的基础上,基于稀疏矩阵变换器理论,提出对于截割电机输入电流信号渐变的分析。通过HHT-PCAMRVM对煤岩进行识别,从而实时对井下采煤机姿态进行调节来满足复杂的开采需求。该方法在某煤矿的开采实验平台上进行了良好的实验验证。实验表明:截割电机在USMC控制下,在煤岩突变时波动较为明显,能够很好地为MRVM煤岩识别提供分类界限。煤岩识别率为95%,对于综采自动化有较好的作用。     

基于音频识别的采煤机滚筒载荷识别方法

针对现有采煤机滚筒载荷识别方法相关算法实施难度大、工程实现方式复杂、应用难度高等问题,通过分析采煤机工作时音频信号的特征,提出一种基于音频识别的采煤机滚筒载荷识别方法。为确保每个分析周期内的音频信号具有同一运行标准下的负载工况,将截割电流与牵引速度作为变量引入到动态能量计算中,采用动态能量归一化算法(DENA)对采煤机原始音频信号进行归一化处理;将归一化后的信号与标准工况库中的信号进行对比分析,通过最大相异系数判断两者之间的差异性,从而确定滚筒载荷特征,实现滚筒载荷识别判断。试验结果表明:DENA可有效抑制音频信号中的噪声能量,提升音频信号中关键特征值的分辨率,采煤机在截割煤、岩时的音频信号特征参数界限明显,未出现交叉混叠现象;在理想情况下,即最大相异系数小于0.189时,总的煤岩界面识别率可达到78.6%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.