超超临界锅炉水冷壁传热特性和温度偏差

叙述了变压运行超超临界锅炉水冷壁的运行特点,传热恶化、温度偏差与水动力稳定性的国内外研究结果,提出了对垂直内螺纹管水冷壁质量流速的选取和水动力不稳定性校核的看法.     

超临界直流锅炉炉膛水冷壁布置型式的比较

介绍了中国直流锅炉的发展过程和上海发电设备成套设计研究院对超临界压力锅炉炉膛水冷壁系统的试验研究,提出了超临界锅炉理想的水冷壁应具有的特性,同时以实例对垂直管屏水冷壁和螺旋管圈水冷壁的水动力特性进行了计算和对比,并提出了若干建议.     

垂直并联内螺纹管水动力不稳定性试验研究

以东方锅炉（集团）股份有限公司自主开发的600MW超临界“w”火焰锅炉拟采用的031．8x6mm多头优化内螺纹管为研究对象,在多相流试验台上进行了锅炉水冷壁在低负荷条件下的水动力不稳定性试验研究,并对试验结果进行了初步分析,得出了水冷壁发生水动力不稳定的条件。试验表明：东方锅炉自主设计的600MW超临界“w”火焰锅炉水冷壁拟采用的多头内螺纹管在当压力〉6MPa时,试验就不再有密度波型脉动发生,当压力〉9MPa时,就不再有压力降型脉动发生。因此,根据东方锅炉超临界“w”火焰锅炉的设计特点及设计运行参数范围,锅炉运行不会出现水动力不稳定现象,水冷壁水动力是安全的、可靠的。     

国产UP直流炉水冷壁改造方案分析

针对姚孟电厂300MW直流锅炉改造方案进行了水动力分析,对比了改造前后锅炉水冷壁的负流量响应特性和正流量响应特性,指出该炉垂直管圈炉膛水冷壁水动力特性不佳,低负荷运行造成水冷壁超温及管间流体和金属温差大爆管的主要原因是高质量流速设计及其产生的负流量响应特性,给类似锅炉改造提供了借鉴经验。     

超超临界锅炉垂直水冷壁的结构特点和水动力特性

叙述了超超临界锅炉垂直水冷壁的结构特点和水动力特性,并介绍了内螺纹管垂直管圈水冷壁主要设计参数的选取原则和水动力稳定性的判别方法。     

超临界锅炉垂直管屏水冷壁变压运行特性分析

针对1 000 MW超超临界机组锅炉内螺纹管垂直管屏水冷壁变压运行特性进行了理论分析.重点分析了低质量流速下的水冷壁热偏差对流量偏差的影响关系和内螺纹管传热特性以及直流锅炉水冷壁强制流动特性被自然循环特性部分低偿的流动特性.     

UP型直流锅炉水动力特性计算分析及结构改进意见

本文介绍国产30万千瓦UP型直流锅炉水冷壁水动力特性的计算方法及其主要结果,对其流动特性进行了分析并校验了传热恶化,最后提出改进结构的设想。     

超临界循环流化床锅炉垂直并联内螺纹管内两相流不稳定性的研究

针对600 MW超临界循环流化床(CFB)锅炉水冷壁管在低质量流速条件下的水动力特性,进行了垂直并联内螺纹管内两相流不稳定性的试验研究,得到了不同条件下的水动力特性曲线和压力降、密度波2种脉动的典型脉动曲线.在试验参数范围内,分析了系统压力、质量流速、进1:2过冷度和上游可压缩容积对两相流不稳定性的影响.根据试验结果,采用均相流模型得到了不稳定发生的界限关系式,为超临界CFB锅炉垂直并联内螺纹管水冷壁的设计与安全运行提供了依据.     

超超临界垂直管圈锅炉水冷壁汽温偏差及节流圈调整方案研究

为解决660 MW超超临界锅炉垂直管圈水冷壁汽温存在偏差、温度波动大和水冷壁出现横向裂纹等问题,进行了试验研究和水动力计算。根据锅炉设计方案,建立了某电厂锅炉流动网络系统的水动力计算数学模型,并在锅炉水冷壁上铺排工质温度测点;根据实炉测量数据,对1号机组270 MW负荷时炉内热负荷和热偏差的分布进行了计算分析;然后调整了节流圈的布置方案,计算调整后的水动力和流动不稳定性。结果表明：调整后出口汽温更加均匀,调整后的方案能更好地防止汽温波动,且不会发生脉动;节流圈调整后中高负荷下的垂直管圈水冷壁汽温分布更均匀,汽温偏差问题明显改善。     

超临界W型火焰锅炉垂直水冷壁水动力特性研究

对超临界W型火焰锅炉垂直水冷壁的水动力特性进行研究,首先对锅炉应用的材料为SA-213T12的ф31.8mm×5.5mm四头优化内螺纹管在试验台进行阻力特性研究,得到摩擦阻力系数λ。根据摩擦阻力系数λ及运行参数,计算某电厂600 MW超临界机组直流锅炉炉膛垂直水冷壁的阻力特性、流量偏差及热负荷偏差,并对水冷壁的水动力特性进行分析研究。     

角管式蒸汽锅炉再循环管的实验研究

通过对角管式蒸汽锅炉侧墙水冷壁的循环原理进行分析,找到了影响再循环管水动力特性的主要因素,并建立了水动力特性实验台,对热负荷和预分离集箱影响再循环管作用的规律了实验研究。     

Mathematical modeling and thermal-hydraulic analysis of vertical water wall in an ultra supercritical boiler

Water wall design is a key issue for an ultra supercritical boiler. In order to increase the steam–water mixture turbulization and to prevent the burnout of tubes walls, vertical rifled tubes are applied in Yuhuan power plant boiler which is the first 1000 MW ultra supercritical boiler in China and began to operate in December 2006. Mathematical modeling and thermal-hydraulic analysis are key factors for the successful design and operation of water walls. The water wall system is treated in this paper as a network consisting of circuits, pressure grids and connecting tubes. The mathematical model for predicting the mass flux distribution and metal temperature in water wall is based on the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. An experiment on the heat transfer characteristics of vertical rifled tube was conducted with the aim to obtain the heat transfer performance and corresponding empirical correlations. The fitting computational formulas are applied in the mathematical model. The presented modeling method is more accurate than the conventional graphic method and can be applied to complex circuit structures. The mass flux distribution and the metal temperature in the water wall are calculated at 35%, 50% and 100% of the boiler maximum continuous rating (BMCR). The results show a good agreement with the plant data. The maximum relative difference between the calculated mass flux and the plant data is 9.7% at 50% BMCR load. The metal temperature difference in the tip of fins in lower circuit 8 is about 3–7 °C at 35% BMCR load. The results show that the vertical water wall in the ultra supercritical boiler of Yuhuan power plant can operate safely.     

700℃超超临界塔式切圆燃烧锅炉水冷壁设计

对700℃超超临界塔式切圆燃烧锅炉的水冷壁进行设计,总体方案为下部炉膛采用螺旋管水冷壁,上部炉膛采用垂直管汽冷壁.以660 MW等级700℃塔式切圆燃烧锅炉为设计对象,确定了其水冷壁的结构参数、热力边界条件和热负荷分布曲线,并对其水动力进行了计算.根据管壁温度和鳍片温度计算结果,确定水冷壁材料为水冷壁管下部采用12Cr...     

直流锅炉采用低NO_x燃烧技术后的水动力试验研究

结合某公司300 MW燃煤UP型直流锅炉低NOx燃烧改造实例,进行了水动力原始偏差测定。同时以70%BMCR作为基准负荷,控制包覆出口压力12 MPa,进水量632 t/h,以50%负荷与30%负荷作为校核试验,并对整个热态启动过程炉内温度状况和水动力情况进行了评述。试验结果表明,低NOx燃烧改造的燃烧系统设计可有效地保护水冷壁,并配合精细的水动力特性调整,使得UP型锅炉的水冷壁安全性大为提高。     

对苏制TⅡ-82型锅炉过热器再热器寿命损耗率计算

电厂中由于锅炉的壁温及使用寿命监测手段比较落后,锅炉四管爆裂问题经常发生,尤其是锅炉过热器和再热器,而过热器和再热器超温爆管直接影响到机组的安全运行和经济性,因此电厂中对锅炉过热器再热器壁温和寿命损耗率的计算显得很重要。对苏制TII-82型锅炉过热器再热器的寿命损耗率的计算进行了研究,根据文中提出的锅炉过热器再热器寿命损耗率计算的模型,以某电厂的1号炉为例,最后计算出寿命损耗率=0.22141,为以后能够开发一套能准确计算锅炉过热器再热器壁温及寿命预测的在线监测与故障诊断系统提供了基础。     

Dispersed flow film boiling of nitrogen with swirl flow

The heat-transfer characteristics of two-phase film boiling of nitrogen in tubes with tape-generated swirl flow are described. The swirl flow substantially augments the heat transfer and minimizes the thermal non-equilibrium, which is responsible for the relatively poor performance of boilers without twisted-tape inserts. Assuming thermal equilibrium, it is possible to formulate a relatively simple superposition correlation for both evaporation and superheat regions of the once-through boiler. The correlation gives good prediction of wall temperatures along the tube for the entire range of test conditions.     

A comparison between HIGHFLUX and plain tubes,boiling pentane in a horizontal kettle reboiler

An experimental study has been undertaken into the enhancement obtained in the heat-transfer coefficients when HIGHFLUX tubes are used in preference to plain tubes while boiling pentane. The study involved two experimental facilities, a single-tube pool boiler and a 241 tube, 17 row by 17 column, thin slice kettle reboiler. The pool boiling results show that the HIGHFLUX tubes produce heat-transfer coefficients that are up to five times larger than their plain tube counterparts. In flow boiling the enhancement is 3–6 times. In both cases, HIGHFLUX tube performance is shown to deteriorate when small degrees of subcooling are present in the liquid. The deterioration still leaves the HIGHFLUX tubes with a significantly higher heat-transfer coefficient than the plain tubes. Existing flow boiling design methodologies are shown to produce performance characteristics that HIGHFLUX tubes do not follow.     

相变换热锅炉运营工况分析

通过相变换热装置,解决热水锅炉运行中出现的结水垢、氧腐蚀、水动力性能差等缺点,提高锅炉出力,延长锅炉寿命;热水锅炉改造为相变换热锅炉集经济性、实用性、安全性于一体,综合效益显著。     

某410t/h锅炉水冷壁结焦的分析和对策

燃煤锅炉水冷壁结焦是国内外火力发电厂常见的问题,本文通过对某410 t/h锅炉制粉、着火、燃烬等方面研究分析了解了水冷壁结焦特性,得出了锅炉水冷壁结焦的主要因素,并提出了相应解决办法.     

角管式热水锅炉辐射受热面水动力特性分析

文中给出了角管式热水锅炉侧墙水冷壁水动力计算方法,分析进入侧墙下集箱工持流量地水冷壁水动力特性的影响。