酶制剂的添加对早籼稻谷生料发酵生产酒精的影响

对早籼稻谷生料发酵生产酒精进行了研究。结果表明：淀粉酶、纤维素酶、酸性蛋白酶、果胶酶的添加对酒精发酵没有明显效果。糖化酶最佳添加量为225U／g原料，最佳料液比为1：3．5，300℃120h，酒精度达9．0％(v／v)，残总糖为1．20％，淀粉出酒率达51．28％。     

木瓜果酒加工工艺的研究

木瓜果实富含有机酸、皂甙、维生素、胡萝卜素、氨基酸、果胶、黄酮类和钾、镁、钙、锌、铁、锰、磷等多种微量元素和营养物质，具有极高的食用和营养保健价值。果实破碎时加入0．1％果胶酶和按100mg/kg加入2％偏重亚硫酸钠溶液；添加蔗糖调整果汁含糖量为20％～22％，加柠檬酸调整总酸在0．6～0．8g／100mL；主发酵接种量为5％，18～22℃发酵3～4d，发酵至醪液中残糖1．0％以下，酒精度为9．5％-10．0％(v／v)时结束；后酵温度10℃，时间2～3周，至醪液残糖含量降至0．1％以下完毕。     

早籼稻谷生料发酵生产酒精的工艺研究

摘要：在发酵液中添加钙、镁、锌离子可以提高淀粉出酒率，使发酵液中的残总糖明显下降。实验表明，利用早籼稻谷生料发酵生产酒精，最佳发酵温度为32℃，最佳pH为4，最佳发酵时间为120h，在最佳条件下发酵，酒分达到9．3％(v／v)，残总糖为1．08％，淀粉出酒率为53．64％。     

安琪耐高温酿酒高活性干酵母在酒精浓醪发酵中的应用

使用安琪耐高温酿酒高活性于酵母，以玉米为原料生产酒精，通过在发酵过程中添加复合酶，采用边糖化边发酵工艺，从三角瓶小试，到5t罐中试，取得了一定效果，残还原糖为0．21％，酒分达到13．6％(v／v)。同时证明了在稀醪条件下适当提高发酵温度可加快酵母的产酒，但在浓醪情况下，提高温度会增加乙醇对酵母的毒性，导致出酒率下降。     

糖化酶对高粱Lager啤酒麦汁组成和糖酵解的影响

我们进行了一个置信度P〈0．05的三因子实验，利用大麦麦芽（BM）或高梁芽（SM），精选玉米（MZ）或腊质高梁（WXSOR）粉粒为辅料，添加或不添加糖化酶（AMG）生产Lager啤酒，研究其144h发酵过程中糖酵解和乙醇生成情况。在BM麦汁中，葡萄糖、麦芽糖、麦芽三糖分别占总可发酵糖的20％，68％和13％，而这个比例在SM麦汁中则分别为35％，48％和17％。添加AMG后，麦汁中葡萄糖含量从9．3g／L增加到24．5g／L，总可发酵性糖含量用g葡萄糖／L表示，从59．2g／L增加到72．6g／L。和BM麦汁相比，SM麦汁的葡萄糖含量约高50％，而初始麦芽糖则要低40％左右。用WXSOR或MZ作酿造辅料，生产的麦汁和啤酒具有相似的特性。AMG的添加使麦汁中葡萄糖量增加2．5倍以上，并使可发酵性糖量增加23％以上。线性回归分析表明发酵过程中可发酵性糖的消耗符合一级反应方程。葡萄糖、麦芽糖和麦芽三糖消耗50％的时间分别为49h，128h和125h，这清楚地表明酵母优先利用葡萄糖。和不添加AMG的麦汁相比，添加AMG麦汁中的麦芽糖和麦芽三糖的消耗速度分别加快和变慢了。发酵终了，BM啤酒的乙醇含量（5．1％，v／v）比SM啤酒（3．9％，v／v）要高。在添加AMG的啤酒生产中，用BM还是用SM及添加MZ辅料在最终的乙醇浓度上并无明显区别。研究结果表明，AMG可以降低糊精含量，增加初始葡萄糖量和总可发酵性糖量，特别是在利用SM为原料的时候，该现象更为明显。     

超级酒酵母在浓醪发酵生产中的应用

采用安琪超级耐高温酿酒高活性干酵母(以下简称超级酒酵母)，并投资25万元对糖化系统、超级酒酵母的实际应用与预发酵罐系统、蒸馏系统进行技术改造。实现了浓醪发酵，发酵指标达到自建厂以来最高水平：酒分平均在13．4％(v／v)以上，平均残还原糖0．173％，平均残总糖1．84％。提高了生产能力，达到了节约用水、降低能耗的目的，年节约动力成本244．5万元，年创效益664．5万元。(小凡)     

发酵型无花果酒酿造工艺研究

对无花果酒酿造工艺、操作要点进行了研究。结果表明：在糖浓度为20％-22％的无花果清汁中加入60mg/L～90mg／L的SO2，接入5g／L-7g／L葡萄酒活性干酵母，20℃发酵14d；可以使发酵彻底，原酒残糖量低，酒精度最高可达11．2％（v／v）；同时既可以保证酒质，也不会延长发酵时间。     

甜高梁杆鲜糖汁发酵生产酒精的工业化试验

以甜高粱杆为原料利用压榨方法取得鲜糖汁,进行酒精发酵工业化试验,验证工业化生产的可行性,发酵成熟醪酒份为7．02％（V）,残总糖为0．12％,发酵率为92．8（v／v）,发酵周期为24小时。     

新型大米发酵饮料的研制

以大米为主要原料,经蒸煮糊化、接种根霉、糖化、稀释、加入牛奶,以嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的混合菌剂进行乳酸发酵,再加苹果汁、糖、酸等调配成饮料。通过正交试验得出其最佳工艺参数为：根霉菌剂接种量4％（v／w）,大米糖化醪加纯净水稀释1．5倍,添加鲜牛奶40％（v／v）,接种乳酸菌混合菌剂5％（v／v）,42℃-44℃发酵14h;添加苹果汁15％（v／v）,白砂糖5％（w／v）,柠檬酸0．125％（w／v）,复配稳定剂0．15％（w／v）,用高速剪切混合乳化机5000r／min乳化10min,成品经115℃灭菌15min,符合相应产品的国家食品卫生质量要求。     

新型大米发酵饮料的研制

以大米为主要原料,经蒸煮糊化、接种根霉、糖化、稀释、加入牛奶,以嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的混合菌剂进行乳酸发酵,再加苹果汁、糖、酸等调配成饮料。通过正交试验得出其最佳工艺参数为：根霉菌剂接种量4％（v／w）,大米糖化醪加纯净水稀释1．5倍,添加鲜牛奶40％（v／v）,接种乳酸菌混合菌剂5％（v／v）,42℃-44℃发酵14h;添加苹果汁15％（v／v）,白砂糖5％（w／v）,柠檬酸0．125％（w／v）,复配稳定剂0．15％（w／v）,用高速剪切混合乳化机5000r／min乳化10min,成品经115℃灭菌15min,符合相应产品的国家食品卫生质量要求。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press