On forced vibrations in the linear theory of micropolar elasticity

This study is concerned with the problem of determining the dynamic response of a finite micropolar elastic body subject to time-dependent surface loads, body forces, and body moments. Under the assumption of the existence of an infinite set of natural frequencies and eigenfunctions for the general free vibration problem, the general orthogonality condition is derived. The solution of the general forced motion problem consists of a superposition or the ‘quasi static’ and ‘dynamic’ portions of the displacements, rotations, force stresses, and couple stresses. A convenient, simple expression for the generalized forces is developed on the basis of certain symmetry properties of the general theory of micropolar elasticity. As a specific example, the forced thickness-shear vibrations of an infinite plate are studied.     

径向压力作用下夹层圆板自由振动理论解

基于小挠度薄板理论,建立径向均布压力作用下夹层圆板的振动控制方程。采用分离变量法导出夹层圆板的固有频率及振型解析式,计算径向均布压力作用下周边固支夹层圆板固有频率和振型,讨论径向均布压力和夹心层比率对固有频率的影响。研究表明夹层圆板的固有频率随径向压力增大而减小,临界压力随阶次的增大而增大;作用径向压力的夹层圆板固有频率随夹心层比率增大,先缓慢增大,到峰值后减小,该趋势与无径向压力时相同。     

Free vibration analysis for single-layered graphene sheets in an elastic matrix via modified couple stress theory

Free vibration of single-layered graphene sheet (SLGS) resting on an elastic matrix as Pasternak foundation model is investigated by using the modified couple stress theory. Governing equation of motion for SLGS is obtained via thin plate theory in conjunction with Hamilton’s principle. All edges simply supported boundary condition is considered. Analytical solution of the resulting equation is obtained via Fourier series approach. Effects of the material length scale parameter and elastic matrix parameters on vibration frequencies of SLGS are investigated. The influence of the mode numbers on frequencies for two-different matrix parameters and aspect ratio of graphene sheet are also studied. Numerical results reveal that the frequency values increase significantly with the increase of the material length scale parameter. It has been shown that scale effects are quite significant on frequencies especially when length and width of the SLGS is smaller and in higher modes of vibration and need to be included in the mechanical modeling of SLGS.     

Nonlocal plate model for nonlinear analysis of thin films on elastic foundations in thermal environments

Postbuckling, nonlinear bending and nonlinear vibration analyses are presented for a simply supported stiff thin film resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation in thermal environments. The stiff thin film is modeled as a nonlocal orthotropic plate which contains small scale effects. The elastomeric substrate with finite depth is modeled as a two-parameter elastic foundation. The thermal effects are included and the material properties of the substrate are assumed to be temperature-dependent. The governing equation that includes plate-foundation interaction is solved by a two-step perturbation technique. The numerical results reveal that the small scale parameter e₀a reduces the postbuckling equilibrium paths, the static large deflections and natural frequencies, but increases the nonlinear to linear frequency ratios of the thin film slightly. The results also reveal that the effect of the small scale parameter is significant for compressive buckling, but less pronounced for static bending and marginal for free vibration of the thin film resting on an elastic foundation.     

Vibration isolation of a symmetric rigid plate using struts under static and dynamic axial excitation

This paper presents vibration isolators in the form of post-buckled elastic clamped–clamped struts to relief the vibrating machines from the harmful effects of vibration. These vibrations are in most cases uncontrollable and lead to sudden failure. Therefore, mechanical engineers should control, isolate, and minimize such unwanted vibrations. A mathematical model is introduced consisting of pre-bent post-buckled struts acting as vibration isolators supporting a symmetric rigid plate. The model is subject to axial harmonic excitation at the base, and allowed to displace laterally with respect to axial center line of the isolated plate. The displacement transmissibility is the governing parameter of the isolator’s effectiveness at the mitigating vibrations transmitted from the base to the plate. The transmissibility is calculated over a wide range of frequencies and plotted in form of design charts. The transmissibility plots showed the ranges of frequencies, at which isolation can be maintained. The system resonance frequencies can be easily depicted from the design graphs. The present study reveals that at resonance frequencies the most effective transmissibility is well below unity. Vibration characteristics are determined under specific frequencies such that the physical behavior of the system can be thoroughly analyzed. All variables used are normalized, such that the results aren’t dependent on any material or geometric property, such as the modulus of elasticity of the material, section modulus of the used profile, or the length of the strut. In this way, the obtained results can be applied over a wide range of elastic materials, regardless of the material type or section properties.     

On the propagation of waves in an electromagnetic elastic solid

The coupling of electromagnetic and elastic waves is considered from the standpoint of linear elasticity and a linearized electromagnetic theory. The problem of plane waves traveling through a uniform magnetostatic field is considered and couplings of the waves are studied. An investigation of the same problem for a uniform electrostatic field shows that the usual plane waves propagate without any change in their phase velocities but that the mechanical waves are accompanied by small fluctuating electromagnetic fields. The problem of the vibration of a free infinite elastic plate in a large magnetostatic field is examined under the assumption that the resulting electromagnetic fields are quasistationary. Frequency equations are obtained for both symmetric and antisymmetric vibrations and the damping caused by the field for both the first two symmetric and antisymmetric modes is obtained as a linear correction to the usual free plate frequencies.     

Frequency spectra of extensional vibration in isotropic shortcolumns and thick circular disks

A simple analytical method based on the equivalent elastic theory is presented for predicting the natural frequencies of a short column or a thick circular disk of axially symmetrical coupled vibration in which the longitudinal, the radial and the thickness extensional vibrations are considered. A critical value of thickness/diameter ratio is given that defines a boundary between a short column and a thick disk. Theoretical analyses show that the longitudinal and radial vibrations in infinite length rods, the radial and thickness extensional vibrations in thin plate are the special vibrating modes of a short column or a thick disk. The calculated frequencies for an isotropic column or a disk are in good agreement with the measured results     

Calculation and design of an annular elastic element of vibrofrequency force transducers

The article suggests the design of an elastic element of vibrofrequency force transducers which enhances the capacity of measuring forces. The dynamic stress and strain components induced in the elastic element by the dynamically applied measured force are determined. The lowest natural vibration frequencies of the lamellar resonators of the principal link of the elastic element are estimated. The article presents a method of determining the state of stress and strain of the elastic elements that makes it possible to establish its geometric dimensions with which the required capacity of measuring forces is ensured. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 9, pp. 78–82, September, 1993.     

Elastic stability of skew laminated composite plates subjected to biaxial follower forces

The present study investigates the elastic stability of skew laminated composite plates subjected to biaxial inplane follower forces by the finite element method. The plate is assumed to follow first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDPT). The kinetic and strain energies of skew laminated composite plate and the work done by the biaxial inplane follower forces are derived by using tensor theory. Then, by Hamilton's principle, the dynamic mathematical model to describe the free vibration of this problem is formed. The finite element method and the isoparametric element are utilized to discretize the continuous system and to obtain the characteristic equations of the present problem. Finally, natural vibration frequencies, buckling loads (also the instability types) and their corresponding mode shapes are found by solving the characteristic equations. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effects of those parameters, such as various inplane force combinations, skew angle and lamination scheme, on the elastic stability of skew laminated composite plates subjected to biaxial inplane follower forces.     

Bending vibration of a rectangular plate with arbitrarily located rectilinear crack

Harmonic flexural vibration of a rectangular plate with an arbitrarily located rectilinear crack is investigated. Double finite Fourier transformation of discontinuous functions is applied to a plate with arbitrary boundary conditions and subjected to transverse harmonic loading. Natural vibration of a simply supported plate is analyzed as a special case. The unknown amplitudes of discontinuities of the displacement and slope across the crack are determined by satisfying boundary conditions at the crack's edge. The square-root singularities of the bending moment at the crack's tips are built into the solution. The method of reduction is applied to the infinite characteristic determinant of the problem. Numerical values of three lowest frequencies of vibration of a square plate are obtained for a diagonally located crack of changing length.     

Dynamic characterization of the thickness-tapered laminated plant fiber-reinforced polymer composite plates

Evolution of the laminated woven natural fiber fabric-reinforced polymer composite structures makes a way to the development of the non-uniform laminated composite structures in order to achieve the stiffness variation throughout the structure. An attempt is made in this work to carry out the experimental and numerical investigations on the dynamic characteristics of the thickness-tapered laminated woven jute/epoxy and woven aloe/epoxy composite plates. The governing differential equations of motion for the thickness-tapered laminated composite plate are developed using the h-p version FEM based on higher order shear deformation theory. The validation of the present finite element formulation is carried out by comparing the natural frequencies obtained using the finite element formulation with those natural frequencies determined experimentally. The developed model is further validated with the available literature works on tapered composite plate to confirm the efficiency of h-p version FEM. This work also explores the study of the vibrational characteristics of composite plates under the influence of plant fiber’s transverse isotropic material characteristics and porosity associated with plant fiber composites through the elastic constants evaluated in the author’s previous work. Also the influences of aspect ratios, ply orientations, and taper angles under various end conditions on the natural frequencies of the woven jute/epoxy composite plate are studied using the present finite element formulation. The forced vibration response of the thickness-tapered laminated woven jute/epoxy composite plate under the harmonic force excitation is carried out considering CFCF and CFFF end conditions.     

带集中质量智能加肋板振动的自适应模糊控制

带有附加集中质量的加肋板振动控制问题在许多工程中都有重要意义.文章通过基于相互作用的带有附加集中质量和智能加肋梁的正交各向异性单向连续板振动问题的仿真力学模型,对加肋梁采用了ER电流变智能复合材料夹层梁的结构形式,并通过对ER流体施加电场,改变加肋梁结构的刚度和阻尼,从而调整带有附加集中质量加肋连续板的动力响应特性,对这一类结构进行了智能主动控制问题的仿真实验.在仿真试验数据的基础上应用自适应神经-模糊推理控制的方法,分别对激振频率和附加集中质量安装点的位置发生变化时,对带有附加集中质量的这种智能结构的振动问题进行了智能控制方法的仿真研究.仿真结果表明,自适应神经-模糊推理控制的方法能有效地抑制该类结构的振动.     

考虑裂纹效应的弹性板振动分析模型

针对含裂纹板的动力学问题,提出了一种耦合裂纹效应的弹性板动力学建模方法。该方法依据变形等效原则用虚拟外部载荷代替裂纹作用,并通过力学平衡原理建立了耦合裂纹项的弹性板运动方程,且基于Rice和Levy应力关系式推导出裂纹项表达式;在此基础上,结合Galerkin法和Berger经验,把含裂纹弹性板振动系统简化成一单自由度非线性振动模型进行动力学特性分析。通过算例探讨了裂纹尺度、阻尼以及激励力位置对弹性板振动特性的影响。结论表明,裂纹尺度和板尺寸对振动非线性作用明显,动应力幅值受阻尼与激励力位置的控制。     

A parallel hp‐FEM infrastructure for three‐dimensional structural acoustics

This paper describes a parallel three‐dimensional numerical infrastructure for the solution of a wide range of time‐harmonic problems in structural acoustics and vibration. High accuracy and rate of error‐convergence, in the mid‐frequency regime,is achieved by the use of hp‐finite and infinite element approximations. The infrastructure supports parallel computation in both single and multi‐frequency settings. Multi‐frequency solves utilize concurrent factoring of the frequency‐dependent linear algebraic systems and are naturally scalable. Scalability of large‐scale single‐frequency problems is realized by using FETI‐DP—an iterative domain‐decomposition scheme. Numerical examples are presented to cover applications in vibratory response of fluid‐filled elastic structures as well as radiation and scattering from elastic structures submerged in an infinite acoustic medium. We demonstrate both the numerical accuracy as well as parallel scalability of the infrastructure in terms of problem parameters that include wavenumber and number of frequencies, polynomial degree of finite/infinite element approximations as well as the number of processors. Scalability and accuracy is evaluated for both single and multiple frequency sweeps on four high‐performance parallel computing platforms: SGI Altix, SGI Origin, IBM p690 SP and Linux‐cluster. Results show good performance on shared as well as distributed‐memory architecture. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于降阶模型的水下结构振动主动控制仿真及实验研究

基于降阶模型对水下结构振动的主动控制进行了仿真及实验研究,并取得了较好的抑制振动的效果。基于结构在可压缩流体加载下的无阻尼实模态矩阵建立了水下结构的降阶模型,由于维数的降低,进而能够设计出相对简化的主动控制系统,减少传感器和作动器的数量。通过线性二次型最优控制和结构主动变刚度控制两种方法对水下结构振动进行了主动控制仿真,均使结构振动有所下降。仿真结果显示线性二次型最优控制能够降低结构振动的峰值,而结构主动变刚度控制能够将结构的固有频率按照需要进行改变。还通过水下平板振动主动控制模型实验,验证了主动控制技术对水下结构的减振效果。     

Vibration of non-ideal simply supported laminated plate on an elastic foundation subjected to in-plane stresses

In this paper, the effect of non-ideal boundary conditions and initial stresses on the vibration of laminated plates on Pasternak foundation is studied. The plate has simply supported boundary conditions and is assumed that one of the edges of the plate allows a small non-zero deflection and moment. The initial stresses are due to in-plane loads. The vibration problem is solved analytically using the Lindstedt–Poincare perturbation technique. So the frequencies and mode shapes of the plate with non-ideal boundary condition is extracted by considering the Pasternak foundation and in-plane stresses. The results of finite element simulation, using ANSYS software, are presented and compared with the analytical solution. The effect of various parameters like stiffness of foundation, boundary conditions and in-plane stresses on the vibration of the plate is discussed. Dependency of non-ideal boundary conditions on the aspect ratio of the plate for changing the frequencies of vibrations is presented. The relation between the shear modulus of elastic foundation and the frequencies of the plate is investigated.     

On the identification of microstretch elastic moduli of materials by using vibration data of plates

In the present work, the vibration problems of rectangular plates modeled by Eringen’s microstretch theory are investigated for the identification of the upper bounds of the microstretch moduli of the plate material. The calculated frequencies of the plates are obtained by extending the Ritz method to the microstretch plates. The three dimensional (3D) vibration analysis of the plates shows that some additional frequencies occur among the classical frequencies as characterizing the microstretch effects. Then it is also observed that these additional frequencies disappear and only the classical frequencies remain with the increasing values of microstretch constants. The inverse problem is established for the identification of the upper bounds of the microstretch elastic constants as an optimization problem where an error function is minimized.     

A comprehensive study on the size-dependent hygrothermal analysis of exponentially graded microplates on elastic foundations

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of hygrothermal conditions on various behaviors, such as bending, free vibration, mechanical and thermal buckling, of exponentially graded microplates lying on two-parameter elastic foundations are investigated. The trigonometric four-variable plate theory incorporated to the modified couple stress theory (MCST) is employed to derive the equations of motion. The present MCST contains an internal material length scale parameter, thus it can capture the size effect. The microplate is assumed to be subjected to a temperature rise and moisture concentration which are varied linearly through the thickness of the plate. Based on an exponential law, the material properties of the microplate are graded only in z direction. The equations of motion are solved analytically to obtain the displacements, stresses, eigenfrequencies and critical buckling load and temperature of the microplates. The present results are validated by comparing them with those previously published. The numerical examples reveal that considering the size effect and/or the elastic foundations leads to an increment in plate stiffness and thereby leads to a decrement in the deflection and an increment in eigenfrequency and buckling loads. It is also shown that the size effect is negligible for the thicker plate.     

Nonlocal beam model for nonlinear analysis of carbon nanotubes on elastomeric substrates

Postbuckling, nonlinear bending and nonlinear vibration analyses are presented for single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation in thermal environments. The SWCNT is modeled as a nonlocal nanobeam which contains small scale effects. The elastomeric substrate with finite depth is modeled as a two-parameter elastic foundation. The thermal effects are included and the material properties of both SWCNTs and the substrate are assumed to be temperature-dependent. The governing equation that includes beam–foundation interaction is solved by a two-step perturbation technique. The numerical results reveal that the small scale parameter e₀a reduces the postbuckling equilibrium paths, the static large deflections and natural frequencies of SWCNTs resting on an elastic foundation. The results also reveal that the effect of the small scale parameter is significant for compressive buckling, but less pronounced for static bending and marginal for free vibration of SWCNTs resting on an elastic foundation.     

On the effect of the backup plate stiffness on the brittle failure of a ceramic armor

The present investigation enquires the role of the backup plate mechanical properties in the brittle failure of a ceramic tile. It provides a full-field solution for the elastostatic problem of an infinite Kirchhoff plate containing a semi-infinite rectilinear crack (the tile) resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation (the backup plate) and subjected to general transverse loading condition. The backup plate is modeled as a weakly non-local (Pasternak type) foundation, which reduces to the familiar local (Winkler) model once the Pasternak modulus is set to zero. The same governing equations are obtained for a curved plate (shell) subjected to in-plane equi-biaxial loading. Fourier transforms and the Wiener–Hopf technique are employed. The solution is obtained for the case when the Pasternak modulus is greater than the Winkler modulus. Superposition and a two-step procedure are employed: First, an infinite uncracked plate subjected to general loading is considered; then, the bending moment and shearing force distribution acting along the crack line are adopted as the (continuous) loading condition to be fed in the solution for the cracked plate. Results are obtained as a function of the ratio of the Pasternak over the Winkler foundation stiffness times the tile flexural rigidity. It is established that the elastic foundation significantly affects the mechanical behavior of the elastic plate. In particular, the Winkler model substantially underestimates the stress state near the crack tip. Stress-intensity factors are determined, and they are employed as a guideline for increasing the composite toughness. The analytical solution presented in this paper may serve as a benchmark for a more refined numerical analysis.