黄铜拉链苯并三氮唑-硝酸镧-钼酸钠钝化工艺

开发了一种黄铜拉链高效钝化工艺,钝化液以苯并三氮唑(BTA)为主,添加了少量硝酸镧和钼酸钠.探讨了钝化液配方、钝化温度和时间对经不同氧化着色工艺处理的黄铜拉链钝化效果的影响.结果表明,最佳钝化温度为30℃,钝化时间为2 min.适用于红古铜色、仿金色及仿银色拉链的钝化液配方为:BTA3 ～4g/L,La(NO3)3·6H2O 0.3 ～ 0.4g/L,Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.6～0.8g/L,聚乙二醇6000 1g/L.上述配方简单且安全无毒.经钝化及涂油处理后,黄铜拉链的耐蚀性和耐热性明显提高.     

化学镀镍低铬钝化无机添加剂的筛选

在pH 2.0±0.1、温度(70±2)°C的条件下,采用5 g/L K_2CrO_3+0.5 g/L(NH_4)_2SiF_6低铬钝化液对45钢上化学镀Ni–P层钝化10 min。以钝化试样的耐硝酸变色时间为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验对几种钝化液的无机添加剂进行筛选和优化,得到的最优组合为16 g/L钼酸铵+6 mg/L硝酸铈+8 mg/L氧化钇。采用最佳添加剂后,钝化膜表面平整、致密,耐硝酸变色时间为482 s,中性盐雾试验48 h的保护等级为9级,综合性能优良。     

稀土化合物对碳钢表面化学镀镍层无铬钼酸盐钝化的影响

先对比了铬酸盐体系与钼酸盐体系对化学镀镍层的钝化效果,然后研究了氧化钇和硝酸铈对钼酸盐钝化的影响,并通过正交试验得到最优钝化液配方为:钼酸铵16 g/L,硝酸铈8 mg/L,氧化钇8 mg/L,氟硅酸铵0.5 g/L,1+1磷酸适量(使pH为2.00±0.02)。采用最优钝化液在(70±2)°C的温度下对Ni–P合金镀层钝化8 min时,钝化膜表面平整,呈深灰色,耐硝酸变色时间可达458 s,与传统铬酸盐钝化膜的耐硝酸变色时间(461 s)相当。     

稀土钕对镀锌层三价铬蓝白钝化膜耐蚀性的影响

在三价铬钝化液中添加稀土钕,以提高三价铬蓝白钝化膜的耐蚀性。研究了钝化温度、pH、时间以及钝化液中稀土钕含量对钝化膜耐蚀性的影响,得到镀锌层三价铬蓝白钝化的最优工艺条件为:Cr2(SO4)3 18.9 g/L,Nd(NO3)3·6H2O 4 g/L,NaNO32.2 g/L,C6H8O7·H2O 0.7 g/L,CoSO4·7H2O 7 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O3.4 g/L,NH4HF2 0.2 g/L,温度30°C,pH 1.9,时间30 s。钝化液中添加稀土钕可有效提高钝化膜的耐蚀性。在最佳工艺条件下,钝化膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度和交流阻抗分别为-1.231 V、0.568μA/cm2和1 937?·cm2,中性盐雾试验出现白锈的时间为93 h。     

化学镀镍层无铬钝化工艺的研究

探讨了氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、磷酸钠和硅酸钠单独或协同作用对化学镀镍层钝化的影响,并以正交设计试验确定了上述四种组成的最佳浓度。为增强钝化效果,研究了高锰酸钾质量浓度、钝化温度和时间对钝化效果的影响。结果表明,钝化液的最佳组成为10g/L氢氧化钠,15g/L碳酸钠,50 g/L磷酸钠,5 g/L硅酸钠,1 g/L高锰酸钾,θ为80℃,t为20 min。化学镀镍层经无铬钝化液处理后,镀层抗腐蚀能力显著提高。     

黄铜拉链橄榄绿着色工艺的研究

黄铜拉链橄榄绿着色清幽淡雅,装饰效果好.采用改进的过硫酸盐体系着色液对黄铜拉链橄榄绿着色工艺进行研究,探讨了各因素对着色效果的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱成分分析(EDS)方法分析着色层厚度、表面形貌和成分.结果表明,该着色新工艺的最佳条件:25～30 g/L NaOH,30～40 g/L K2S2O8,40～...     

铝合金锰(Ⅶ)-钛(Ⅳ)系无铬化学转化成膜工艺

以KMnO4和TiOSO4为钝化剂主要成分,研究6063铝合金锰(VII)-钛(IV)系钝化成膜新工艺,考察钝化液成分、温度、pH值、反应时间对成膜过程及膜耐腐蚀性能的影响,并通过正交实验优化工艺方案,分析转化膜的形貌和化学组成,采用化学方法考察化学转化膜的耐蚀性能. 结果表明,最佳钝化液配方为：KMnO4 5 g/L, TiOSO4 2 g/L, NaF 0.05 g/L, ZnSO4 0.3 g/L. 在钝化温度50℃、钝化时间15 min及pH值2.7的最佳工艺条件下,锰(VII)-钛(IV)系钝化工艺制备的化学转化膜为金黄色,膜质量为589 mg/m2,膜主要由O, Mn, Al, Zn, Ti组成. 锰(VII)-钛(IV)系钝化新工艺环境友好,所制化学转化膜耐CuSO4点滴腐蚀性能优于Cr(VI)转化膜,耐人造海水腐蚀能力与Cr(VI)转化膜相近.     

四酸型镀锌层军绿色钝化工艺

提出了一种镀锌层四酸型军绿色钝化工艺。研究了钝化液中4种酸的含量和钝化时间对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。确定最佳工艺条件为:CrO36g/L,H3PO42mL/L,H2SO42mL/L,H3NO33mL/L,温度25℃,pH1.5,钝化时间100s。所得钝化膜为光亮的军绿色,耐蚀性较镀锌层好。     

铝合金表面无铬钝化的研究

研究了硫酸的质量浓度、硫酸钠的质量浓度、无水硫酸铜的质量浓度、尿素的质量浓度、钝化温度及钝化时间对铝合金表面无铬钝化膜耐蚀性的影响。得到钝化液的最佳配方为:硫酸60~80g/L,硫酸钠40~60g/L,无水硫酸铜6~8g/L,尿素20~30g/L,钝化温度30~40℃,钝化时间10~20s。     

镀锌板无铬钝化涂层的制备及性能研究

本文研究了镀锌钢板的无铬钝化液组成及钝化工艺对钢片涂层性能的影响。通过多种性能测试得出最佳钝化液组成为：钼酸钠17 g/L,丙烯酸树脂105 m L/L,硅酸钠18 g/L,硅烷偶联剂KH-560为50 m L/L,硫脲8 g/L,30%过氧化氢10 m L/L,钝化的最佳条件为p H=5,钝化温度298.15 K,钝化时间25 min。对钝化涂层的厚度及结合力进行检测,并结合电化学测试发现,复合钝化涂层的耐蚀性强于铬酸盐钝化涂层。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。