基于数值积分卡尔曼-概率假设密度滤波的多说话人跟踪方法

针对多说话人跟踪的非线性系统模型,提出了一种基于数值积分卡尔曼-概率假设密度滤波的多说话人跟踪方法。该方法采用麦克风阵列的时间延迟估计作为观测数据,利用具有三次代数精度的球面-径向数值积分准则计算非线性系统贝叶斯滤波器中的多维积分,通过数值积分卡尔曼滤波和概率假设密度滤波对后验多说话人状态的一阶统计量进行估计,并通过递推更新得到说话人状态信息,实现非线性高斯系统的多说话人跟踪。该方法无需求解非线性系统函数的雅克比矩阵,且计算量较小。仿真实验分析了检测概率、虚警点数目、采样周期、信噪比以及混响时间变化时跟踪算法的性能。实验结果表明,该方法降低了系统模型非线性对滤波算法的影响,增强了跟踪算法的鲁棒性,提高了说话人状态和数目的估计精度。      

粒子滤波在目标跟踪算法中的应用研究

针对非高斯、强噪声背景下的高机动目标实施跟踪时,卡尔曼滤波、扩展卡尔曼滤波等算法将出现滤波精度下降甚至发散现象。粒子滤波方法作为一种基于贝叶斯估计的非线性滤波算法,在处理非高斯非线性时变系统的参数估计和状态滤波问题方面有独到的优势。以目标跟踪问题为背景,将粒子滤波与卡尔曼滤波算法进行了对比研究。     

五阶容积卡尔曼滤波算法及其应用

容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)是一种新型的非线性滤波方法,可获得优于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)和无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的滤波精度和滤波效率.但是,传统的CKF基于三阶容积准则而提出,因此滤波精度受到限制,为进一步提高CKF滤波性能,文中将容积准则由三阶扩展到五阶,采用两种不同容积点集选择方案,提出一种新型的五阶CKF算法.该算法可有效改善传统CKF在精度方面的理论局限,并有效改善一般五阶CKF计算量大的问题.机动目标跟踪仿真结果表明了新方法的有效性和可行性.     

正则化粒子滤波在水下目标跟踪中的应用

针对传统卡尔曼滤波(KF)及扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)在非线性目标跟踪模型中,跟踪精度较差的问题,本文给出了一种基于正则化粒子滤波(RPF)的水下目标跟踪算法。文中在一种模拟水下目标跟踪环境的非线性动态模型中对所提出的算法进行了仿真试验,并将其跟踪性能与扩展卡尔曼滤波和标准粒子滤波算法(PF)进行了比较。仿真结果表明,PF算法比EKF算法滤波精度更高,RPF的跟踪性能优于PF和RPF,而且随着粒子数的增加,PF和RPF的跟踪性能也不断提高。     

弹载BDS/SINS深组合自适应CKF滤波方法研究

针对弹道导弹高动态、非线性的特点,引入了基于三阶球面-径向容积准则的非线性容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)算法。此外,针对其特点,研究了发射惯性系下BDS/SINS深组合导航下的自适应容积卡尔曼滤波(ACKF)算法。该算法根据Sage滤波开窗法的思想和渐消的思想,通过引入多重次优渐消因子到CKF滤波器中,自适应地在线调整CKF滤波器的观测误差协方差阵,在提高滤波精度的同时实现对快速变化的状态进行强有力的跟踪。实验结果表明:多重次优渐消因子的引入使得CKF滤波器可以更多地利用系统的先验信息,ACKF滤波器对快速变化的状态具有更强的跟踪,系统误差在较短的时间内收敛,提高了组合导航系统的动态性能。     

基于IMM-SCKF-STF的机动目标跟踪算法

在处理非线性机动目标跟踪问题时,传统的非线性滤波估计算法跟踪误差大且容易引起滤波发散.针对上述问题,研究将强跟踪平方根容积卡尔曼滤波(SCKF-STF)和交互多模型(IMM)算法相结合,提出一种新型的交互多模型强跟踪平方根容积卡尔曼滤波(IMM-SCKF-STF)跟踪算法.该算法在SCKF基础上引入强跟踪渐消因子,使其不仅拥有应对机动目标状态突变的强跟踪能力,同时还具备交互多模型算法的优良机动目标跟踪性能.因此,新算法在机动目标跟踪方面将获得更高的非线性滤波估计精度,且算法的稳定性和应对状态突变的跟踪鲁棒性能获得显著提高.最后,通过两个仿真例子验证了此算法的有效性与优越性.     

强跟踪五阶CKF算法在初始对准中的应用

针对载体行进间初始对精对准过程易受有色噪声影响,造成对准精度高的问题,提出一种基于高阶球面-径向积分的强跟踪滤波方法,该算法基于里程计辅助下惯性系行进间精对准误差模型,将状态变量的自相关函数进行正交化运算,保证噪声信号的白化,并运用五阶球面-径向准则对于滤波过程中参数的后验概率密度函数进行近似数值计算。仿真实验表明,在方位角为大失准角的条件下,该算法可以有效地保证较高的滤波精度,并且在噪声未知的情况下,滤波器保证很好的鲁棒性。     

基于粒子滤波的单站无源定位跟踪新算法研究

针对单站无源定位跟踪系统非线性较强、传统跟踪滤波方法收敛速度、慢容易发散的问题,提出了一种新的跟踪滤波算法P-EKF。该方法采用粒子滤波的思想对目标实现初始的捕捉,然后通过扩展卡尔曼滤波方法对目标进行跟踪保持,提高了目标跟踪收敛速度和跟踪精度,而对计算资源的消耗有限。缩比仿真实验证明了该方法的可行性和有效性,具有较高的应用价值。     

基于改进Singer模型的机动目标跟踪方法

Singer模型使用标准卡尔曼滤波器对机动目标进行跟踪,当系统模型不准确或噪声统计特性不确定时,容易引起滤波发散或跟踪精度下降等问题。针对这种情况,本文提出了一种采用自适应渐消卡尔曼滤波的Singer模型算法(AKF Singer),通过引入渐消因子来抑制滤波器的记忆长度,自适应的调整新息权重和滤波器增益,从而避免发散。仿真结果表明,本文所提算法能够有效抑制滤波发散,相比于传统Singer模型,具有更好的跟踪稳定性和更高的跟踪精度。     

自适应EKF在被动跟踪中的应用研究

针对被动跟踪中常见的滤波发散、收敛速度慢和跟踪精度低等问题,研究了一种非线性系统的自适应推广卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法能够在线估计噪声的统计特性,动态补偿模型线性化误差,消减系统的观测误差。对其滤波理论及算法进行了研究与仿真,结果证实该算法提高了滤波的稳定性、快速性和精确性,优于一般的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.