海杂波背景下小目标检测性能研究

由于海杂波的非高斯特性,对海雷达的性能分析非常复杂.文中首先分析了海杂波分布特性,然后对不同的检测方法进行了比较,最后仿真了海杂波背景下小目标检测能力.仿真结果对于工程应用具有重要参考价值.     

低空雷达导引头海面目标检测性能分析

该文以雷达导引头低空检测海面目标为背景,综合分析了多径环境和海杂波环境对雷达导引头目标检测的影响。通过对目标回波、多径散射的镜反射、漫反射以及海杂波进行建模,结合具体场景,仿真分析了镜反射、漫反射以及海杂波对雷达导引头接收信号的影响,进而分析了多径散射和海杂波对雷达导引头检测不同大小目标时检测性能的影响效果。仿真结果表明:雷达导引头检测RCS低于1 m2的小目标时,海杂波是影响雷达导引头检测性能的主要因素;雷达导引头检测RCS大于10 m2的目标时,多径效应是影响雷达导引头检测性能的主要因素;雷达导引头检测RCS大于104 m2的目标时,雷达导引头的检测性能不受海杂波和多径效应影响。     

基于K分布舰载雷达海杂波仿真方法研究

海杂波的仿真对杂波环境下舰载雷达性能的研究具有重要意义。介绍了海杂波仿真的有关概念,研究了基于K分布海杂波的建模及实现方法,建立了一个较为准确的舰载雷达海杂波幅度分布模型和功率谱模型,最后以Matlab为平台给予了仿真实现,仿真数据与理论曲线吻合较好,仿真算法有效可行。结果表明,该方法可以有效地模拟舰载雷达海杂波特性,为雷达信号处理器的设计奠定了基础,该方法具有较高的估计精度和很好的工程实用性,对于雷达海杂波建模与仿真及其背景下目标检测研究具有现实意义。     

时空二维相关K分布雷达海杂波建模与仿真

海杂波是影响雷达对海工作的重要因素,海杂波的精确建模与仿真是实现雷达性能检测,以及算法优化的先决条件。在分析海杂波幅度分布特性、时间和空间相关特性的前提下,利用Cholesky分解并结合球不变随机过程法（SIRP,spherically invariant random processes）,提出了一种用于生成时空二维相干相关K分布海杂波的仿真模型,仿真结果表明该方法能够生成满足时间和空间相关特性要求的二维海杂波,得到的数据可以直接作为雷达目标模拟器中的输入信号。     

一种舰载毫米波雷达海杂波背景下的慢速小目标检测算法研究

掠海飞行慢速小目标的检测一直是雷达信号处理领域研究的热点问题。分析了海杂波数据的统计特性,利用天线扫描间海杂波非相关特性,采取单次扫描脉冲间非相参积累,结合天线扫描间积累和杂波图迭代平滑处理技术,抑制海杂波,积累目标能量,改善检测性能。仿真结果表明利用本方法毫米波雷达能有效检测海杂波环境下的慢速小目标。     

主被动复合末制导雷达仿真系统中的海杂波仿真研究

目标建模与特征信号仿真是雷达对目标进行探测与识别的重要前提和基础.描述了主被动复合末制导雷达仿真系统中,海杂波的建模与仿真,集中介绍了海杂波建模仿真中常使用的分布模型以及散射特性.包括海杂波前向散射系数以及后向散射系数的计算.最后使用Matlab进行了仿真,仿真结果证明了这种方法的有效性.该研究为海杂波建模与仿真、雷达目标检测提供了依据.     

海杂波背景下的低空小目标检测

海面上低空小目标通常具有RCS（雷达散射截面）小、速度快的特点,并且容易湮没在海杂波背景中,很难被雷达系统检测到。文中首先分析了海杂波数据的统计特性;然后在此基础上,利用海杂波和目标在相关特性上的差异,提出了一种熵加权非相参积累方法,该方法能够抑制海杂波,并且积累目标能量;为了进一步降低检测门限,采用了TBD（检测前跟踪）技术。某S波段雷达搜索模式下低分辨实测数据的处理结果表明,熵加权非相参积累和TBD方法能够有效降低海杂波背景下低空小目标信号的最小可检测信杂比。     

海况对海面目标雷达回波的影响分析

海面自身随机多变的特性会对海面目标的雷达回波信号检测产生重要影响。文中利用分形方法对海面建模仿真, 模拟了五种不同的海况,基于雷达工作原理设计了一款雷达视频回波信号仿真软件,提高了仿真的逼真度和实时性。针对雷达散射截面(RCS)不同的舰船目标模拟仿真雷达回波,研究了海况对海面目标雷达回波的影响。结果表明:随海况等级的增加,海杂波噪声信号增强,RCS 相对较小目标的雷达回波会逐渐被海杂波淹没。海面目标雷达回波仿真软件既能用于分析海面及目标的电磁散射特性;同时,在目标检测与识别中会有重要应用价值。     

对海四种相参处理检测方法性能比较

近年来,随着海杂波研究工作的重要性在军事和民用领域日益突出,海杂波背景下的动目标检测问题已经成为雷达技术领域的热点。而海杂波统计特性的准确分析是有效检测目标的先决条件。在本文中,首先回顾了海杂波的统计特性,这其中包括杂波的幅度分布特性和杂波序列的相关性。然后基于仿真海杂波数据比较4种检测方法(AMF、ANMF、α-AMF、常规PD)性能。     

浅析海杂波抑制方法

海杂波是影响对海雷达工作性能的一个重要因素。检测和跟踪目标之前抑制海杂波是非常必要的。通过对海杂波和舰船目标的幅度特征、谱特征以及相关特征的分析，针对强海杂波环境下，目标检测的典型问题，从雷达工作模式、雷达信号处理两个方面探讨了抑制海杂波的几种途径。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks