HPLC-DAD法测定4种夏枯草中的9种酚酸类物质

比较不同来源夏枯草提取物中水杨酸、间羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、丁香酸、肉桂酸、芥子酸和3-咖啡酰奎尼酸9种酚酸物质的高效液相色谱法检测及夏枯草来源对其酚酸物质含量的影响。试验采用ZORBAX ECLIPSE PLUS C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相A,0.6%乙酸水溶液;流动相B,75%甲醇水溶液;梯度洗脱,流速1.2 mL/min,DAD检测波长285 nm;柱温45℃。检测方法显示,9种酚酸物质的检测线性范围为0.02~200 mg/L;检出限(S/N=3)在0.002~0.06 mg/kg之间,加标回收率(n=6)在88.02%~105.98%之间,检测方法灵敏有效。检测结果表明,不同来源夏枯草提取物中水杨酸、间羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、丁香酸、肉桂酸、芥子酸和3-咖啡酰奎尼酸9种酚酸物质的总含量以江苏镇江产夏枯草提取物最高。     

模型反应中不同酚酸物质抑制PhIP形成效果分析

2-氨基-1-甲基-6-苯基-咪唑[4,5-b]吡啶(2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazole[4,5-b]pyridine,PhIP)是食品加工和烹饪中含量较高且有致癌风险的杂环胺类化合物。该文在以苯丙氨酸和肌酐为前体物质的模型体系中,考察阿魏酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸3种单体酚酸以及混合酚酸对PhIP形成的抑制效果,并进一步探讨酚酸类物质在模型体系中对PhIP形成的抑制效果是否存在相互协同作用。结果表明,在单体酚酸模型中,当酚酸浓度为10^-10mg/mL或10^-9mg/mL时,从整体效果比较3种单体酚酸对PhIP形成的抑制效果,由强到弱分别为咖啡酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸,而当酚酸浓度为10^-8mg/mL时,阿魏酸对PhIP形成的抑制效果强于对香豆酸;在混合酚酸模型中,阿魏酸+对香豆酸的组合对PhIP形成抑制效果最强,抑制率为56.37%,咖啡酸+对香豆酸的组合对PhIP形成抑制效果最弱,抑制率为13.33%。推测其反应机理可能是酚酸类物质与前体物质发生反应生成新的化合物,消耗掉前体物质的量,从而抑...     

比光谱-导数分光光度法同时测定对-香豆酸和阿魏酸

根据对-香豆酸和阿魏酸的紫外吸收特点,确立得到两种酚酸稳定的紫外吸收图谱的条件,建立比光谱-导数分光光度法,同时测定对-香豆酸和阿魏酸的含量。在溶剂为乙醇或水或乙醇与水的混合溶液时,调节溶液pH2.0,得到两种酚酸稳定的紫外吸收光谱图,最大吸收峰分别为对-香豆酸308nm、阿魏酸320nm。运用比光谱-导数分光光度法测定对-香豆酸和阿魏酸的二元混合物,回收率在93.40%～103.34%之间,结果良好。对蔗渣碱解提取的酚酸样品进行检测,阿魏酸检测受影响较大,而对-香豆酸检测结果较理想。本法对波谱严重重叠的两种酚酸能进行有效测定,     

对香豆酸、阿魏酸和低聚糖阿魏酸酯对酪氨酸酶的抑制效果

通过测定酶的稳态活力、迟滞时间和动力学参数,研究对香豆酸、阿魏酸及低聚糖阿魏酸酯对酪氨酸酶的抑制效果。结果表明,3种物质对酪氨酸酶单酚酶活性均有抑制作用,其中对香豆酸的抑制作用最强,其次为低聚糖阿魏酸酯和阿魏酸。对香豆酸、低聚糖阿魏酸酯和阿魏酸对单酚酶的IC_(50)值分别为0.75,3.20,9.30 mmol/L。对香豆酸和阿魏酸抑制二酚酶活性,IC_(50)值分别为4.3,12.7mmol/L;但低聚糖阿魏酸酯对二酚酶活力没有影响。对香豆酸能明显延长单酚酶反应的迟滞时间,阿魏酸影响很小,而低聚糖阿魏酸酯则缩短迟滞时间。动力学研究结果显示,阿魏酸和低聚糖阿魏酸酯对单酚酶的抑制作用表现为混合性抑制,而对香豆酸为竞争性抑制。     

野生蓝莓酚酸成分鉴定及其清除细胞内自由基活性研究

酚酸具有良好的自由基清除活性,能有效降低非酒精性脂肪肝、心血管疾病、糖尿病等疾病发生风险。酚酸是大兴安岭野生蓝莓的主要酚类物质之一,其成分尚不清楚。本文采用柱层析法纯化蓝莓中的酚酸组分,用高效液相色谱法进行成分鉴定与含量检测。以AAPH诱导Hep G-2细胞氧化损伤模型评价酚酸清除细胞内自由基活性。从物质结构特性出发,通过循环伏安法分析酚酸的氧化-还原能力,探讨酚酸清除细胞内自由基活性机理。结果表明:蓝莓酚酸主要由咖啡酸、绿原酸、肉桂酸、阿魏酸、没食子酸、对香豆酸和原儿茶酸7种酚酸组成,含量较多的为绿原酸(21.2%)、阿魏酸(8.3%)、对香豆酸(7.0%)和咖啡酸(4.6%)。4种主要酚酸对细胞内自由基清除能力为咖啡酸绿原酸阿魏酸对香豆酸,其失电子能力依次为绿原酸咖啡酸阿魏酸对香豆酸。酚酸是蓝莓的主要抗氧化成分之一,其失电子能力是影响酚酸清除细胞内自由基活性的主要原因。     

采用HPLC法同时检测白术中酚酸类物质

试验比较不同来源白术提取物对水杨酸、间羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、丁香酸、肉桂酸、芥子酸和绿原酸9种酚酸物质的高效液相色谱法检测及白术来源对其酚酸物质含量的影响。试验采用ACQUITY UPLC?BEH C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相A相为0.3%乙酸水溶液、流动相B相为90%甲醇水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L/min,DAD检测波长为285 nm,柱温为40℃。检测方法显示:9种酚酸物质的检测线性范围为0.02~500 mg/L;检出限(S/N=3)在0.002~0.01 mg/kg之间;在加标浓度为10~80 mg/kg条件下,加标回收率(N=9)在77.78%~100.47%之间,检测方法灵敏有效;标准品进样6次的结果RSD均小于5%,表明精密度良好。检测结果表明,不同来源白术提取物得到的白术提取物中水杨酸、间羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、丁香酸、肉桂酸、芥子酸和绿原酸9种白术提取物酚酸物质的总含量以浙江新昌产白术提取物最高。     

不同种类啤酒的酚酸含量和抗氧化特性

本文研究了不同品种啤酒的总多酚含量、游离和总酚酸含量及抗氧化能力。啤酒中酚酸含量最多的是阿魏酸,其次为芥子酸、香草酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸、4-羟基苯乙酸;阿魏酸、咖啡酸、紫丁香酸、芥子酸和香豆酸主要以结合形式存在,对香豆酸和4-羟基苯乙酸以游离和结合形式存在。在不同类型啤酒中总多酚和酚酸的存在方式不同,用FRAP法评价不同啤酒的抗氧化能力也有显著差异。严格说来,FRAP值与多酚和酚酸含量有一定的相关性。本文也研究了用FAPR法评价单体酚酸的抗氧化能力。     

HPLC法同时测定采后莲雾果实木质素代谢途径中5种酚酸的含量

为探讨采后莲雾果实贮藏期间酚酸含量变化对果实木质化代谢的影响,建立高效液相色谱法同时测定采后木质素代谢途径中5种酚酸(肉桂酸、对香豆酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸)的方法。采用InfinityLab Poroahell C18色谱柱为固定相,以甲醇和乙酸溶液(p H 2.4)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温25℃,紫外检测器于波长279 nm和320 nm处进行检测。各酚酸组分的线性范围较宽,相关系数均大于0.999 4,检出限为0.01～0.03 mg/kg,定量限为0.03～0.09 mg/kg,相对标准偏差小于5%,加标回收率为86.18%～99.05%。该方法准确度、灵敏度高,操作简便,适用于采后莲雾果实木质素代谢途径中5种酚酸的同时测定。测得莲雾贮藏期间肉桂酸、对香豆酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸和芥子酸的含量范围分别为11.46～24.69、0.92～1.45、2.31～5.32、8.86～20.58 mg/kg和9.48～22.62 mg/kg。     

膜醭毕赤酵母和壳聚糖复合处理对柑橘果实炭疽病的诱导抗病性

以‘锦橙447’为试材,研究了膜醭毕赤酵母和壳聚糖复合处理对柑橘果实采后炭疽病的防治效果,以及在接种炭疽菌的情况下诱导柑橘果实抗病性的机制。结果表明：1×108 cells/mL的膜醭毕赤酵母和0.1 g/L的壳聚糖单独处理均能够有效抑制柑橘果实炭疽病的发病率,而复合处理的防治效果更好。膜醭毕赤酵母和壳聚糖复合处理能够增加NO、水杨酸、H2O2等信号物质的含量;提高苯丙烷代谢中间产物阿魏酸、对香豆酸、绿原酸的含量,相关防御酶如苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂酸-4-羟基化酶、4-香豆酸:辅酶A连接酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活力;以及病程相关蛋白如几丁质酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶活力。该研究结果表明,膜醭毕赤酵母与壳聚糖复合处理可通过增强柑橘的抗病性来提高柑橘炭疽病的防治效果。     

膜醭毕赤酵母和壳聚糖复合处理对柑橘果实炭疽病的诱导抗病性（英文）

以‘锦橙447’为试材,研究了膜醭毕赤酵母和壳聚糖复合处理对柑橘果实采后炭疽病的防治效果,以及在接种炭疽菌的情况下诱导柑橘果实抗病性的机制。结果表明:1×10~8 cells/mL的膜醭毕赤酵母和0.1 g/L的壳聚糖单独处理均能够有效抑制柑橘果实炭疽病的发病率,而复合处理的防治效果更好。膜醭毕赤酵母和壳聚糖复合处理能够增加NO、水杨酸、H_2O_2等信号物质的含量;提高苯丙烷代谢中间产物阿魏酸、对香豆酸、绿原酸的含量,相关防御酶如苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂酸-4-羟基化酶、4-香豆酸:辅酶A连接酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活力;以及病程相关蛋白如几丁质酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶活力。该研究结果表明,膜醭毕赤酵母与壳聚糖复合处理可通过增强柑橘的抗病性来提高柑橘炭疽病的防治效果。     

甘蔗不同组织中游离态和结合态酚酸的分布及抗氧化活性

为了探讨甘蔗不同组织中酚酸的存在形式,本文利用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)对蔗汁、蔗叶及蔗渣三个组织中游离态和结合态的酚酸进行了定性和定量检测分析。结果表明,甘蔗组织中的酚酸主要以结合态形式存在,但其在甘蔗三个组织中的含量和存在形式有差别。甘蔗叶、蔗渣中游离的酚酸含量最高,蔗汁较低。蔗汁、蔗叶及蔗渣中总游离态酚酸含量分别为317.18 mg/kg(干固物),1568.37 mg/kg(干基)及1504.57 mg/kg(干基);总结合态酚酸含量分别为740.32 mg/kg(干固物),2725.41 mg/kg(干基),2452.13 mg/kg(干基)。在蔗汁中,咖啡酸、没食子酸主要以游离态存在,阿魏酸、香豆酸主要以结合态存在,而在蔗叶和蔗渣中,咖啡酸、阿魏酸、香豆酸主要以结合态形式存在。甘蔗不同组织中游离态酚酸的DPPH和ABTS自由基清除活性优于结合态酚酸,不同组织中的游离态酚酸和结合态酚酸含量分别与抗氧化活性呈正相关性。     

Addition of phenolic acids on the reduction of methanol content in wine

ABSTRACT:  Utilization of phenolic acids, including gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffic acid, cinnamic acid, and ferulic acid, for methanol reduction in wine was investigated. Enzyme activities of pectinesterase and pectin lyase decreased significantly when 0.1 mg/L of gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffic acid, cinnamic acid, or ferulic acid was added. However, no inhibition on polygalacturonase activity was observed when 0.5 mg/L of phenolic acid was added. Methanol content in commercial pectic enzyme (CPE) group increased from 11.53 ± 1.34 to 56.67 ± 3.75 ppm in the final products. Adding gallic acid or coumaric acid with CPE inhibited the increase of methanol production. In addition, when 0.2 mg/L of phenolic acid (gallic acid or coumaric acid) was added, the amount of total phenolic acid released from CPE + gallic acid or CPE + coumaric acid groups became higher than CPE group by approximately 466 and 539 mg/L, respectively. In conclusion, the values of lightness, red content, yellow content, total pigment, and total phenolic acid increased in the presence of gallic acid or coumaric acid with CPE, suggesting that adding gallic acid or coumaric acid into winemaking process is a potential method for reducing methanol content, improving wine quality, as well as increasing healthy compounds in wine production.     

Phenolic compounds in peanut seeds: Enhanced elicitation by chitosan and effects on growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus

Effects of chitosan and Aspergillus flavus to enhance elicitation of phenolic compounds in viable peanut seeds were conducted at two water activity levels. In vitro effects of phenolic acids on A. flavus growth and aflatoxin B₁ production were also studied. Chitosan enhanced elicitation of free phenolic compounds (FPC) at Aw .85 and .95 levels. A. flavus initially decreased and subsequently increased FPC content, but bound phenolic compounds (BPC) decreased during incubation. Chitosan + A. flavus treatment caused an increase in FPC reaching a plateau between 24–48 h at Aw .85 while BPC levels increased over the same period at both Aw levels. Major free and bound phenolic acids detected were p‐coumaric, ferulic and an unknown phenolic acid eluting at a retention time of 22 min. Generally, chitosan significantly enhanced elicitation of free ferulic and p‐coumaric acids and bound p‐coumaric acid at Aw .95. Free unknown phenolic and bound ferulic acids at Aw .85 were enhanced by chitosan. A. flavus caused significant induction of bound p‐coumaric and ferulic acids and free unknown phenol at Aw .85. Chitosan + A. flavus enhanced free p‐coumaric (3 h) and unknown phenolic acids and bound p‐coumaric acid at Aw .95 while bound ferulic acid was enhanced at Aw .85. Chitosan limited A. flavus growth and subsequent aflatoxin production by inducing susceptible tissues to produce more preformed phenolic compounds.

Analysis of liquid cultures of A. flavus revealed that p‐coumaric, ferulic, and vanillic acids and a mixture of these phenolic acids slightly inhibited mycelial growth. Production of aflatoxin B₁ by A. flavus was completely inhibited at 1 mM and 10 mM concentrations of the phenolic acids and their mixture on four days of incubation. Mode of action of phenolic acids is likely on the secondary pathway for aflatoxin B₁ production and not on the primary metabolism for fungal growth.     

HPLC-DAD Analysis to Identify the Phenolic Profile of Rhododendron Honeys Collected from Different Regions in Turkey

In this study, phenolic compounds of Rhododendron honey (also known as mad honey) samples collected from the Black Sea Region were identified using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector system. The major phenolic substances in Rhododendron honeys were found to be chlorogenic and coumaric acids with the amounts of 0.11–191.54 mg/kg and 0–82.83 mg/kg, respectively. Gallic and ferulic acids were detected in the most honey samples. Additionally, significant correlations were determined between the phenolic substances. The present study showed that Rhododendron honeys contained higher quantities of phenolic acids than flavonoids. Chlorogenic and coumaric acids were the dominant phenolic substances detected in honey samples.     

Production of coumaric acid from sugarcane bagasse

Phenolic acids were released from sugarcane bagasse by alkaline hydrolysis at 30 °C for 4 h; The alkaline hydrolysates were ultrafiltrated, the permeates purified with anion exchange resin. The phenolic acids bound by the resin were desorbed by a mixture of water–ethanol–HCl solution (36: 60: 4) after washing the resin with water, ethanol and dilute HCl respectively. The combined eluents were concentrated for crystalization, and the crystals filtered and washed using 1% (v/v) HCl. After this purification process, the purity of products reached 89.7% based on coumaric acid. Results of HPLC/MS, HPLC using standard coumaric acid and ferulic acid showed that the main component of the purified bagasse hydrolysate was p-coumaric acid rather than ferulic acid. The purified products showed the same antioxidant activity, reducing power and free radical scavenging capacity as the standard p-coumaric acid.The technology could be applied on industrial scale.Industrial relevanceThis research presents a technology to produce coumaric acids from sugarcane bagasse. The first step is to release coumaric acid by alkaline hydrolysis. The second step is to remove the viscous polysaccharides and protein by ultrafiltration. The third step is to purify coumaric acid from the permeate of ultrafiltration by anion chromatography, and the alkaline could be reused to hydrolyze the bagasse. The technology showed potential application on industrial scale.     

Phenolic compounds,lycopene and antioxidant activity in commercial varieties of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)

Nine commercial varieties of tomato (Rambo, Senior, Ramillete, Liso, Pera, Canario, Durina, Daniella and Remate) produced in Spain were analysed for their lycopene content, content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The phenolic compounds were characterised as flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol and naringenin) and hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and p‐coumaric acids). Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH and ABTS assays. The concentrations of lycopene and the various phenolic compounds as well as the antioxidant activity were significantly influenced by the tomato variety. Quercetin, the most abundant flavonoid, was found in concentrations ranging between 7.19 and 43.59 mg kg^?1 fresh weight, while naringenin levels were lower than 12.55 mg kg^?1. The most abundant hydroxycinnamic acid was chlorogenic acid, with values ranging from 14 to 32 mg kg^?1 fresh weight, followed by caffeic acid, while p‐coumaric and ferulic acids showed similar concentrations lower than 5 mg kg^?1. The highest content of lycopene was found in Ramillete, Pera and Durina (>50 mg kg^?1 fresh weight), while the concentration in the other varieties was between 50 and 30 mg kg^?1, with the exception of Liso (less than 20 mg kg^?1). The antioxidant activity of tomato extracts varied with the tomato variety and the assay method used. Individual compounds found to be significantly related to antioxidant capacity were lycopene and ferulic and caffeic acids, but not quercetin and chlorogenic acid. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

A comparative study on free and bound phenolic acid content and their antioxidant activity in bran of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of Eastern Himalayan range

In our study, seven most prevailing but unexplored indigenous rice cultivars of northeast India, situated in the Eastern Himalayan Range, were investigated for their phenolic acid profile, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacities in free and bound phenolic extracts of their bran. HPLC studies showed the presence of ferulic, p‐coumaric, sinapic, caffeic, chlorogenic and vanillic acids, with ferulic and p‐coumaric acids being the dominant phenolic acids in the bound form. The lower EC₅₀ values of the bound extracts than the free extracts suggested the better radical scavenging activity of the bound extracts. Significant correlations were observed between TPC and phenolic acid content (HPLC‐DAD) of bound extracts, and between Trolox equivalents antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and phenolic acid content (HPLC‐DAD) of both free and bound extracts. The findings suggest that phenolic acids in the rice cultivars investigated were exclusively present in bound form and contribute significantly towards their antioxidant capacity.     

苹果梨果皮的7种酚类物质对链格孢的离体抑制作用

为揭示苹果梨果皮的主要酚类物质对果实采后黑斑病菌链格孢(Alternaria alternata)生长的影响,在前期对发育及贮藏期梨果皮酚类物质含量分析的基础上,本文研究了苹果梨果皮的7种酚类物质处理对A.alternata孢子萌发、菌丝生长、菌丝干重及黑色素形成的影响.结果表明,除熊果苷外,酚酸和黄酮类物质均对A.a...     

瑰茄浸提及其发酵酒工艺优化及发酵前后有机酸和酚酸的比较

以云南产玫瑰茄干花萼为原料,在单因素试验基础上采用响应面法对玫瑰茄浸提工艺及其发酵酒工艺进行优化,确定玫瑰茄花萼浸提的最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶28（g/mL）、浸提温度84.0℃、浸提时间78min,在此条件下,花青素提取率为（0.060±0.009）%,多酚提取率为（0.201±0.05）%;玫瑰茄酒的最佳发酵工艺条件为发酵温度24.5℃、S4酵母接种量1.6g/L、加糖量22.5%,所得玫瑰茄酒风味独特,其乙醇体积分数为（10.6±0.12）%,花青素质量浓度为（121.25±0.35）mg/L,多酚质量浓度为（629.58±0.22）mg/L,氨基酸种类齐全,组成合理。检测出玫瑰茄浸提液中含有以柠檬酸和木槿酸为主的7种有机酸和以原儿茶酸为主的8种酚酸,玫瑰茄酒中的主要有机酸为乳酸和木槿酸,原儿茶酸仍是其主要的酚酸;在发酵过程中,柠檬酸、羟基柠檬酸和酒石酸含量降低,丙酮酸、乳酸和琥珀酸含量升高;原儿茶酸、龙胆酸和阿魏酸等酚酸含量降低,而没食子酸、香豆酸和丁香酸含量得到了提高。     

Effect of thermal sterilization on ferulic, coumaric and cinnamic acids: dimerization and antioxidant activity

BACKGROUND: Some phenolic compounds, such as ferulic acid and p‐coumaric acid, exist in the form of free acids, in fruits, rice, corn and other grains. Thermal treatment (121 °C at 15–17 psi) for different times on ferulic, p‐coumaric and cinnamic acids as well as equimolar mixtures of these acids was investigated. RESULTS: Ferulic and p‐coumaric acids underwent decarboxylation, yielding dimeric products formed through their corresponding radical intermediates, while cinnamic acid was recovered unreacted. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed no cross‐dimerization when equimolar mixtures of pairs of hydroxycinnamic acids were treated under the same conditions. Dimers were characterized as (E)‐4′,4″‐(but‐1‐ene‐1,3‐diyl)bis(2′‐methoxyphenol)) (dimer of 4‐vinylguaiacol) and (E)‐4,4′‐(but‐1‐ene‐1,3‐diyl)diphenol) (dimer of 4‐vinylphenol) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: Sterilization by thermal processing produced dimers of ferulic and coumaric acid. The antioxidant activity of these dimers was greater than that of the respective hydroxycinnamic acids. These results may be relevant for fruits and grains that contain hydroxycinnamic acids and undergo sterilization processes such as canning. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry