纳米SiC/Ni复合镀层的制备及其摩擦磨损性能

用电沉积方法在316L不锈钢表面制备了纯镍镀层和纳米SiC/Ni复合镀层,考察了电镀时间、SiC质量浓度、电流密度和镀液温度对复合镀层中纳米SiC含量的影响,表征了镀层的表面形貌和SiC纳米颗粒的尺寸;最后研究了镀层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:复合镀层中纳米SiC的含量随着电镀时间延长、电流密度增大、镀液温度升高以及SiC质量浓度的增大先升高后降低,且最佳工艺参数为电镀时间30min,SiC质量浓度20g·L-1,电流密度2A·dm-2,镀液温度60℃,镀液pH4.5,搅拌速度300r·min-1;与纯镍镀层相比,纳米SiC/Ni复合镀层的晶粒更细小,组织更致密,具有更好的摩擦磨损性能,摩擦因数降低了7%以上,磨损率降低了50%。     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层表面形貌、组织结构及性能研究

通过复合电铸工艺制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层,探讨了镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒悬浮量和电流密度对Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层表面形貌的影响,用SEM、TEM和显微硬度仪对纳米复合电铸层的表面形貌、组织结构和显微硬度进行了分析。结果表明,镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒悬浮量和电流密度对纳米复合电铸层表面形貌有较大程度的影响。纳米ZrO2颗粒细化了复合电铸层中基质金属的晶粒,使复合电铸层的表面光滑平整,组织均匀、致密,显微硬度大幅度提高。     

基于正交试验的低温电镀铁工艺探讨

为获得适宜的无刻蚀低温电镀铁工艺,以主盐(FeCl2·4H2O)浓度、镀液pH值、镀液温度和电流密度为因素,以沉积速率、维氏硬度、腐蚀速率及耐磨性为性能评价指标,进行了四因素三水平的正交试验。结果表明,电流密度是沉积速率的主要影响因素,镀液pH值是镀层维氏硬度和耐蚀性的主要影响因素,镀液温度为镀层耐磨性的主要影响因素;无刻蚀低温镀铁最佳工艺参数:主盐浓度为400g/L,pH值为1.0,温度为35℃,电流密度为15A/dm2。     

Ni-TiC复合镀工艺的优化

采用共沉积法(CECD),在不锈钢上制备Ni TiC复合镀层。主要研究了TiC粒子的浓度、阴极电流密度、pH值等 对复合镀层中粒子含量的影响。利用正交试验法优选出制备Ni TiC复合镀层的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,Ni TiC复合 镀层的最佳工艺参数为:TiC粒子的浓度6g/L,电流密度4A/dm2,pH=4,镀液温度30℃。     

微机电系统用电铸镍铁合金的制备及其电磁性能

研究了电铸镍铁合金制备过程中工艺条件对电铸层成分的影响,获得含铁质量分数20%电铸层的最佳工艺条件为镀液硫酸亚铁含量6 g/L、pH值2.5、温度55℃、电流密度3.5 A/dm2;讨论了镀层形貌及电磁性能的变化关系.结果表明:制备的镀层表面光亮、结构致密,晶面为(111)、(220)、(200).该铸镍铁合金矫顽力最小为2.95×10-2 A/m,表现出较强的顺磁性.剩磁力随着铸层铁含量的增大呈下降趋势,饱和磁化强度为IJ85合金的10%,具有优良的电磁性能.可以用于制造微型磁执行器与传感器元件.     

铁-纳米ZrO2复合电镀层的组织与性能

采用氯化物低温镀铁工艺,选择纳米ZrO2作为第二相粒子,以不对称交流一直流电源电镀法制备了铁-纳米ZrO2复合镀层;研究了工艺参数对镀层组织结构和镀层硬度、耐磨性能的影响.结果表明:采用此方法可获得内应力小、致密的复合镀层,镀层为α-Fe体心立方结构;当镀液中ZrO2纳米粒子含量为30 g/L,pH值为1,搅拌转速为300 r/min,阴极电流密度为20 A/dm2,施镀温度为30～40℃时,ZrO2粒子在镀层中弥散分布,镀层的平均硬度值达到800 HV.镀铁层中复合适量的ZrO2纳米粒子,能有效地降低粘着磨损,提高镀层的耐磨性能.     

数控选区复合电沉积快速成型的工艺试验研究

介绍了数控选区复合电沉积快速成型的工作原理,分析了影响沉积效果的相关因素,并进行了相关基础实验研究。试验结果表明：表面活性剂添加量、电铸液温度、电流密度、氧化铝颗粒浓度、粒径与沉积材料中氧化铝的浓度有密切关系。当其他工艺参数一定时,表面活性剂添加量越高、电铸液温度越低、电流密度越小、氧化铝颗粒浓度越大、粒径越小,沉积材料中的氧化铝浓度越高。     

铝合金表面电沉积Ni-SiC复合镀层的研究

针对铝合金表面的电镀特点,采用化学侵锌、预镀镍等预处理方法,在铝合金表面得到了表面光洁平整,内部质量优良,与铝合金基体结合紧密的Ni-SiC复合镀层。研究了镀液中SiC浓度、电流密度、搅拌速度、镀液pH值和镀液温度等电镀参数对复合镀层厚度、镀层中的SiC体积分数及镀层显微硬度的影响。结果表明,电镀工艺条件的改变影响Ni-SiC复合镀层的共沉积速度与SiC粒子在镀层中的体积分数。当镀液SiC浓度为120g/L时,镀层中的SiC体积分数为8.5％,硬度为504.6HV,较纯铝(82.5HV)提高5倍,较纯镍(242.5.HV)提高l倍。     

铸铁表面铬基Cr-MoS_2复合电镀层的摩擦磨损性能

在镀铬电镀液中掺杂具有减摩自润滑作用的二硫化钼微粒,在铸铁活塞环表面制成铬基Cr-MoS2复合电镀层。复合镀的工艺是:MoS2微粒浓度15g/L,温度为40-50℃,搅拌强度130r/min,对应的电流密度15A/dm2,间歇搅拌。数据表明,复合镀层Cr-MoS2与基体结合致密,MoS2在铬基体上分布均匀。复合镀层具有优异的摩擦磨损性能,在相同摩擦条件下,磨损仅为纯镀铬层的1/12,摩擦系数为纯镀铬层的1/2。     

Ni-ZrO_2纳米复合电铸层耐磨性研究

利用SEM分析了纯镍铸层,以及用直流和脉冲工艺所制备N i-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层的表面形貌,研究了直流条件下镀液中纳米颗粒悬浮量对纳米复合电铸层在干摩擦状态下耐磨性的影响,并对纳米复合电铸层磨损表面的形貌和磨损机理进行了探讨。结果表明:纳米复合电铸层的表面形貌不同于纯镍铸层;由于纳米颗粒的强化作用,使纳米复合电铸层表现出优良的耐磨性,并且磨损机理发生了变化;纳米复合电铸层的耐磨性取决于其中纳米颗粒的复合量。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.