国际公认权威的农药原药和制剂分析方法——介绍CIPAC手册J卷,兼谈CIPAC方法

国际农药分析协作委员会 (ＣＩＰＡＣ)组织制定的农药原药和制剂的分析方法 ,是国际上公认的最高权威的农药分析方法 ,代表着当代国际最高水平。ＣＩＰＡＣ方法 ,直接被ＦＡＯ农药规格所引用 ,并成为该农药规格能否制定和通过的关键因素 ,即没有ＣＩＰＡＣ方法 ,相应的ＦＡＯ农药规格将难以问世。ＣＩＰＡＣ方法之所以先进可靠 ,为世界各国所接受 ,这与其科学、严格的制定程度有关。ＣＩＰＡＣ方法发起单位往往是具垄断地位的生产该农药的大公司、跨国公司 ,具体研究人员多是富有经验的高级农药分析专家。他们凭借着强大的经济实力、先进的…     

农药原药和制剂的分析方法——CIPAC N卷

介绍了农药原药和制剂的分析方法——CIPAC N卷。     

农药原药和制剂的分析—CIPAC H卷的分析方法（下）

30.乐果(dimethoate)59 气相色谱法,FID检测器。色谱柱:3％OV-17/Chromosorb G AW-DMCS 80～100目,1米×2-4毫米(内径)玻璃柱;柱温:175℃～190℃;载气(N_2)流速:50毫升/分;保留时间:乐果8分,内标物(邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯1克/100毫升丙酮)11分。     

农药原药和制剂的分析方法——CIPACL卷的分析方法

国际农药分析协作委员会于2005年出版了CIPAC手册L卷。此卷共有19种农药原药和制剂的分析的方法及6个物理化学的测定方法，现摘译如下，供读者参考。     

新的28种农药有效成分CIPAC分析方法和2个CIPAC通用方法问世

第50届CIPAC年会于2006年6月在瑞士日内瓦举行.会议审定了28种农药有效成分原药和制剂分析方法以及2个通用方法.介绍如下:     

农药原药和制剂的分析方法——CIPACM卷的分析方法

国际农药分析协作委员会于2009年出版了CIPAC手册M卷。为了使中国的农药分析工作者便于了解、参考和采用国际标准分析方法,笔者将CIPAC手册M卷中20种农药分析方法f涉及50余种原药和制剂）以方法概述的形式作了综合性编译,力求篇幅短小,分析参数详尽。本文内容按此书卷的农药排列顺序编写,并标注农药中英文名称、CIPAC代码和分析方法。     

农药原药和制剂的分析方法--CIPAC J卷的分析方法

国际农药分析协作委员会最近出版了CIPAC手册J卷(2001年),共192页。此卷共有17种农药原药和制剂的分析方法及7个物理化学的测定方法,现摘译如下,供读者参考。1.17 种农药原药和制剂的分析方法1.1 杀草强(amitrole)90 高效液相色谱法,紫外检测器(UV-215nm)。色谱柱:LiChrospher 100 DIOL,250×4mm(i.d),5μm,柱     

三氟甲基水杨酸及其中间体的合成方法

4-三氟甲基水杨酸、间三氟甲基苯酚是农药、医药等的关键原料和中间体。文章综述了4-三氟甲基水杨酸的合成方法;重点介绍了其合成原料-间三氟甲基苯酚的合成方法,包括重氮化水解法、羟基化法、三氟甲基化法、催化氢化法、过氧化氢氧化法等。     

正交设计优化尼美舒利NLC处方组成与制备工艺

运用高压均质法制备了加载尼美舒利的纳米结构脂质载体（Nanostructured Lipid Nanoparticles, NLC）,采用单因素设计考察了固液态油脂比、脂质用量、乳化剂用量、药脂比、均质压力和均质次数对纳米粒质量的影响。采用正交设计优化了制备条件。确定的最适宜制备方案为油酸与单硬脂酸甘油酯（glycerin monostearate,GMS）投料比为3:10,药脂比为1:40, TPGS用量为1.4 g,均质压力为90 MPa。依据最适宜处方制备的纳米粒粒径为132.6± 1.4 nm,包封率为82.35±1.23%。扫描电镜显示所制备纳米粒呈类球形,体外释放实验表明其释放行为符合Higuchi模型。     

诱导多能干细胞重编程方法的优化及其在航天医学中的应用展望

近年来,通过外源导入特定的转录因子,将体细胞重编程为类似胚胎干细胞（ESCs）潜能的诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）掀起了干细胞研究的又一热潮,然而重编程效率低和安全性等问题严重阻碍着其临床应用.太空环境对成体干细胞分化潜能的影响是航天员生理变化的因素之一,具有类似ESCs全能性的iPSCs将为发育生理学及再生医学研究带来全新的视角.综述了iPSCs的研究进展,重点阐述提高安全性和重编程效率的方法和应用研究现状,并探讨了其在航天医学领域中的应用前景.     

Formulation Aspects and Effect of Critical Factors for Designing Extended Release Pellets: An Updated Review

Nowadays, pellets are playing a dominating role in the world of multiparticulate oral drug delivery. These pellets have many advantages over single-unit dosage forms like extended release. The present review highlights various formulation aspects for the designing of extended release pellets with a special emphasis on effect of key formulation variables. Design includes pellets–matrix and pellets–reservoir systems. Formulation variables such as effect of polymer, plasticizer, pore former, pH adjuster, antitacking agents, and wetting liquids are considered as key formulation variables. The authors lead to a conclusion that designing approaches and formulation factors should be considered and will assist while preparing extended release pellets.     

Microstructured conducting polymer coatings on plastic strip for contact electrodes: Formulation and tuning of sheet resistance

Mechanically strong and flexible strips of cellulose acetate were used to support a thin coating of poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrene sulfonic acid) PEDOT : PSS, an intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP), formulated with an aqueous dispersion of judiciously chosen copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene (VAE), to impart adhesion of the coating onto the substrate. Incorporation of a few drops of an organic acid to the formulation resulted in a substantial reduction of the sheet resistance of the coated surface. When the coated strips were post‐treated with a salt solution, a further fine tuning of the sheet resistance by a factor of 10 was achieved. The coated strips combine high conductivity with flexibility and mechanical strength. The performance of the coated strips has been evaluated in relationship to composition, coating thickness, and sheet resistance for application as contact electrodes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 234–237, 2007     

ASI法测定土壤有机质与国标法的相关性研究

对ASI法与GB9834—88测定土壤有机质的结果进行了相关性比较。结果表明,全部样本的ASI法与GB9834-88分析方法的有机质之间存在极显著正相关,相关方程为Y=0．9348x＋0．018（R^2=0．9737＊＊）,两种方法最大相对偏差仅为1.4％。由于ASI方法具有简便、快速和准确的特点,同时减少了铬的污染,是一种较好的土壤有机质测定方法,     

Self-Assembly of pH-Labile Polymer Nanoparticles for Paclitaxel Prodrug Delivery: Formulation,Characterization, and Evaluation

The efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX) is limited due to its poor solubility, poor bioavailability, and acquired drug resistance mechanisms. Designing paclitaxel prodrugs can improve its anticancer activity and enable formulation of nanoparticles. Overall, the aim of this work is to improve the potency of paclitaxel with prodrug synthesis, nanoparticle formation, and synergistic formulation with lapatinib. Specifically, we improve potency of paclitaxel by conjugating it to α-tocopherol (vitamin E) to produce a hydrophobic prodrug (Pro); this increase in potency is indicated by the 8-fold decrease in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) concentration in ovarian cancer cell line, OVCA-432, used as a model system. The efficacy of the paclitaxel prodrug was further enhanced by encapsulation into pH-labile nanoparticles using Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP), a rapid, polymer directed self-assembly method. There was an 1100-fold decrease in IC₅₀ concentration upon formulating the prodrug into nanoparticles. Notably, the prodrug formulations were 5-fold more potent than paclitaxel nanoparticles. Finally, the cytotoxic effects were further enhanced by co-encapsulating the prodrug with lapatinib (LAP). Formulating the drug combination resulted in synergistic interactions as indicated by the combination index (CI) of 0.51. Overall, these results demonstrate this prodrug combined with nanoparticle formulation and combination therapy is a promising approach for enhancing paclitaxel potency.     

How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three-Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 4: Robustness of the Optimum Formulation Zone Through the Insensibility to Some Variables and the Occurrence of Complex Artifacts

In enhanced oil recovery, not only the low-tension performance, but also the robustness at optimum formulation is an important issue. The fourth part of our review series is dedicated to robustness, defined as the width of the zone exhibiting three-phase behavior around the optimum formulation, whatever the scanned variable. It is first corroborated from a screening of the available data in the literature that the tension minimum is inversely proportional to the square of the three-phase range in the HLD scale. However, since there is still an inaccuracy of about a factor 10 in the tension minimum, some significant improvement can be attained in some cases by increasing the three-phase behavior width in two ways. The first approach consists of finding systems that are insensitive to some formulation variable such as temperature, surfactant mixture composition or concentration, and water-to-oil ratio. The second way is to produce an artifact through which the optimum formulation is produced twice in a scan. If the distance between the two events in the scan is reduced down to be zero, their corresponding three-phase behavior zones merge and result in a wider WIII region with a low tension. Several cases of such events are reported: alkaline scans, anionic-nonionic and anionic-cationic mixture changes, linear change in composition in three-surfactant mixture, partial precipitation from a surfactant mixture in a salinity scan, and excessive partitioning of polyethoxylated nonionics. More complex transitions with three effects in a single scan or three concomitantly scanned variables show even more possibilities in practice.     

国内外建筑用镀膜玻璃产品标准及检测方法差异

简述了国内外建筑用镀膜玻璃产品标准状况,通过对标准的适用范围、外观质量、光学性能、物化耐久性能等方面的比较,分析了目前国内外建筑用镀膜玻璃产品标准要求及检测方法的差异,并提出了一些建议。