MC DS-CDMA 系统中的常模盲检测方法

提出了MC DS-CDMA（多载波直扩码分多址）系统中的SDCMA（最陡下降常模算法）和LSCMA（最小二乘常模算法）的盲检测方法，并把这2种CMA（常模算法）盲检测和基于子空间的MMSE（最小均方误差）检测方法相比较。仿真结果表明这2种CMA盲检测方法性能明显优于基于子空间的MMSE检测方法，而且运算复杂度也低于后者。在收敛速度上，LSCMA检测方法远快于SDCMA检测方法。     

A subspace method for signature waveform estimation in synchronousCDMA systems

Synchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) techniques possess intrinsic protection against co-channel interference due to orthogonal codes employed and thus, offers higher capacity than existing frequency-division multiple-access (FDMA) or time-division multiple-access (TDMA) systems. In the presence of multipath, however, each signal is subject to frequency-selective fading and the orthogonality condition does not necessarily hold leading to increased cross correlation. In these scenarios, multiuser detection need to be performed to suppress interference and recover the message symbols. To implement such a technique, explicit knowledge of the (nonorthogonal) signature waveforms of all users is required. We propose a blind estimation scheme that provides closed-form estimates of the signature waveforms by exploiting the structure information of the data output. In particular, we show that the subspace of the data matrix contains sufficient information for unique determination of the signature waveforms. Based on this observation, a multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-like algorithm is derived. Performance analysis of the new approach is also presented     

一种新颖的抗阶数过估计的增强子空间盲辨识算法

研究了子空间盲辨识算法在信道阶数过估计时失效的问题,提出一种新的鲁棒性强的增强算法。首先针对过估计模型,提出了"加权矩阵定理",理论证明通过构造一个加权矩阵来修正子空间算法,可消除阶数过估计的影响;然后,给出一种用指数序列构造近似的加权矩阵的增强算法。与子空间盲辨识算法相比,增强算法复杂度相当,对阶数过估计鲁棒性强。仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

异步DS-CDMA系统子空间盲特征波形估计算法的鲁棒性问题研究

 本文针对异步DS-CDMA系统,在理论上分析了信道阶、信道头和尾对子空间盲特征波形估计算法性能的影响,并进行了计算机仿真.首先提出了一个特征波形分解模型,将特征波形分解为m阶主要部分和次要部分,得到了相应的m阶子空间算法;然后运用矩阵扰动理论,证明了特征波形分解的可行性,即m阶子空间算法的特征波形估计逼近于m阶主要部分;最后从矩阵特征值分解的稳定程度出发,推导了特征波形分解准则,该准则指出应该避免考虑次要部分,采用尽可能小的信道阶.仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

A subspace blind channel estimation method for OFDM systems without cyclic prefix

We propose a subspace based blind channel estimation method for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems over a time-dispersive channel. Our approach is motivated by the resemblance of the multichannel signal model resulting from oversampling (or use of multiple receive sensors) of the received OFDM signal to that in conventional single carrier system. The proposed algorithm distinguishes itself from many previously reported channel estimation methods by the elimination of the cyclic prefix, thereby leading to higher channel utilization. Comparison of the proposed method with other two reported subspace channel estimation methods is presented by computer simulations to support its effectiveness.     

OFDM系统信道盲估计的一种新算法

利用循环前缀（CP）引入的信息冗余，在利用接受信号的二阶统计特性实现正交频分复用（OFDM）系统信道盲估计的子空间算法基础上，采用矩阵变换的方法，改善信息序列的非周期相关函数，推导出信道估计的新算法。     

空时编码多载波码分多址MIMO系统下行频率选择性信道盲估计

基于子空间方法的无线信道盲估计由于其算法的固有特性,使得估计结果与实际信道之间存在一个不确定复系数,无法得到无线信道的精确估计。在利用子空间分解方法对空时编码多输入多输出MC-CDMA系统下行频率选择性信道盲估计的基础上,利用发射符号的有限码集特性,将单载波系统下的模糊复系数盲辨识方法推广到多载波多输入多输出系统,从而得到信道的精确估计。Monte-Carlo仿真表明,在信噪比较低的情况下,本方法的信道估计误差仍然较小。     

Second order polynomial class of chip waveforms for band-limited DS-CDMA systems

The conventional frequency domain square-root raised cosine (Nyquist) chip waveform has much poorer anti-multiple-access-interference (anti-MAI) capability than the optimal band- limited waveform in direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems. However, the digital implementation of the optimal chip pulse is very costly due to the slow decaying rate of the time waveform. In addition, its eye diagram and envelope uniformity are worse than the Nyquist pulse for a wide range of roll-off factor, which will incur performance degradation due to timing jitters and post non-linear processing. In this paper, based on an elementary density function of a second-order polynomial, a class of second-order continuity pulses is proposed. From this class of pulses, we can find some members having faster decaying rate, bigger eye opening, more uniform envelope and stronger anti-MAI capability than the Nyquist waveform. The normalized-band-width-pulse-shape-factor product, the decaying rate of the tail of the time waveform, the opening of the eye diagram, and the envelope uniformity of the second-order continuity pulses are addressed in the paper that provide the basic information for the selection of the chip pulse for CDMA systems.     

ADAPTIVE STEP－SIZE CONSTANT MODULUS ALGORITHM FOR BLIND MULTIUSER DETECTION IN DS－CDMA SYSTEMS

Blind Adaptive Step-size Constant Modulus Algorithm (AS-CMA) for multiuser detection in DS-CDMA systems is presented.It combines the CMA and the concept of variable step-size,uses a second LMS algorithm for the step size.It adjusts the step-size according to the minimum output-energy principle within a specified range,thus overcomes the problems of bad effect of fixed step-size LMS algorithm.Compared with Adaptive Step-size LMS (AS-LMS) algorithm,through simulations,this algorithm can adapt the changes of the environment,suppress multiple access interference in the dynamic environment and the stability of Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) is superior to that of AS-LMS.     

CRAMER-RAO BOUND FOR BLIND CHANNEL ESTIMATION IN COMPLEX-VALUED CHANNEL

Compared with the traditional channel estimation methods, blind channel estimation methods can increase the bandwidth efficiency of the systems, but their precision is low and they converge slowly. In this paper, the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) for blind channel estimation in complex-valued Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) channel is derived. In the simulations, the correctness of the CRB is validated and some channel estimation methods are evaluated by using the CRB.     

Robustness of least-squares and subspace methods for blind channelidentification/equalization with respect to effective channelundermodeling/overmodeling

The least-squares and the subspace methods are two well-known approaches for blind channel identification/equalization. When the order of the channel is known, the algorithms are able to identify the channel, under the so-called length and zero conditions. Furthermore, in the noiseless case, the channel can be perfectly equalized. Less is known about the performance of these algorithms in the practically inevitable cases in which the channel possesses long tails of “small” impulse response terms. We study the performance of the mth-order least-squares and subspace methods using a perturbation analysis approach. We partition the true impulse response into the mth-order significant part and the tails. We show that the mth-order least-squares or subspace methods estimate an impulse response that is “close” to the mth-order significant part. The closeness depends on the diversity of the mth-order significant part and the size of the tails. Furthermore, we show that if we try to model not only the “large” terms but also some “small” ones, then the quality of our estimate may degrade dramatically; thus, we should avoid modeling “small” terms. Finally, we present simulations using measured microwave radio channels, highlighting potential advantages and shortcomings of the least-squares and subspace methods     

Rayleigh衰落信道下多载波DS-CDMA系统性能分析

本文基于多载波传输技术，提出了一种多载波码分多址模型。并在Rayleigh衰落信道下对其误码性能进行了分析。分析及仿真结果表明，系统具有降低多址干扰的能力，同传统的单载波直接序列码分多址系统相比，能支持更大的用户容量。本系统能满足第三代移动通信系统对高速数据传输的要求。     

利用确定性信道盲估计改善DFE均衡器的收敛特性

针对一种全盲的判决反馈均衡器(DFE)进行研究,它对快速时变信道的均衡非常有效。利用基于二阶统计量(SOS)的子空间法来得到关于信道系数的确定性估计,然后利用这个估计值求出DFE抽头系数在MMSE意义上的最优解,以此进行DFE的初始化。相比传统的利用周期性训练序列初始化DFE的方法,文章提出的方法不仅节省了带宽资源,而且对于信道的突发性时变能够自适应地重新初始化,从而避免了DFE均衡器的病态收敛。     

(Semi-)blind channel estimation for space time block coded system with transmit diversity

This paper deals with a blind channel estimation method for space-time coded block transmission system. By concatenating the real part and imaginary part of the received signal to form an elongated vector, we derive an equivalent input–output system model. Then channel state information (CSI) is blindly estimated using subspace method, utilizing only the redundancy inherent in space-time block coding (STBC) and cyclic prefix (CP). The estimation ambiguity, which is common to all blind methods, is analyzed in detail and we prove that there only exist four scalar indeterminacies. Three effective methods to eliminate the ambiguities are also proposed. Compared with other blind channel estimation methods for space time systems, this method needs neither redundant precoding nor oversampling, and thus has higher data rate. Besides, this method is robust to channel order overestimation, which is effectively demonstrated by numerical simulations. This work was supported by NSFC (60496310, 60672093), NSFJS(BK2005061) and BK2005061.     

一种改进的单音干扰下OFDM系统盲信道估计算法

在相关检测的OFDM系统中,信道估计具有十分重要的意义。研究了一种在单音干扰环境下的OFDM系统中基于预编码的盲信道估计方案。利用接收的干扰信号的频域信息对单音干扰信号进行准确估计与重构,有效地消除了干扰信号的影响,提高了单音干扰下盲信道估计的准确性。与其他盲信道估计算法相比,基于预编码的盲信道估计算法具有较低的运算复杂度以及较快的收敛速度。仿真结果表明了该算法在干扰估计以及信道估计两方面都取得了较好的性能。     

基于子空间的指数和分解及在信道估计中的应用

指数和序列分解问题是一个经典的数学问题,Prony方法和Prony-Kung方法是解决此问题的经典方法。用支撑子空间的观点仔细分析了Prony-Kung方法,在此基础上,理论证明了指数和序列分解问题可以归纳于支撑子空间的确定问题,并对受噪声污染的指数和序列提出了具有低复杂度的Lloyd-like搜索支撑子空间的算法。最后,把以上算法应用于毫米波信道估计,仿真结果表明了此应用的有效性。     

MIMO-OFDM系统信道估计技术的分析

介绍了MIMO—OFDM系统的信道估计技术，根据是否使用训练序列信息，信道估计可以分为导频辅助信道估计和盲信道估计，本文首先较全面地介绍了导频辅助信道估计技术，然后介绍了一种运用较多的基于子空间的盲信道估计技术，最后计算机仿真分析比较它们的性能。     

Cramer-Rao bounds for the estimation of multipath parameters and mobiles' positions in asynchronous DS-CDMA systems

Commercial applications for the location of subscribers of wireless services continue to expand. Consequently, finding the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), which serves as an optimality criterion for the location estimation problem, is of interest. In this paper, we derive the deterministic CRLBs for the estimation of the specular multipath parameters and the positions of the mobiles in an asynchronous direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system operating over specular multipath fading channels. We assume a multilateral radio location system where the location estimates are obtained from some or all of the estimated signal parameters at different clusters of antennas of arbitrary geometry. Extension for unilateral and composite radio location techniques is also discussed. As an application example, we use numerical simulations to investigate the effects of specular multipath and multiple access interference (MAI) on the positioning accuracy for different radio location techniques.     

基于传播算子的DS-SS信号扩频波形估计

扩频信号波形估计的本质是信号子空间估计。针对直接序列扩频（Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum,DS-SS）信号的扩频波形估计问题,提出了一种基于传播算子的估计算法。针对现有算法估计信号子空间计算量较大的不足,所提算法利用传播算子估计信号子空间。理论分析了所提算法与现有算法的计算量和性能,并进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明所提算法有效,且计算量远小于现有算法。