基于三维DCT变换的体数据鲁棒 数字水印嵌入算法

本文基于三维离散余弦变换(3D-DCT)技术和扩频通信技术提出三维体数据鲁棒水印嵌入算法.算法将原始的二值图像水印利用扩频通信技术生成可以直接嵌入的体水印信息;分别对体水印信息和原始的体数据进行分块离散余弦变换,在变换域内实现水印嵌入.该算法嵌入的水印信息具有不可见性,能够抵抗剪切、加噪、滤波、旋转等常见攻击.仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

应用传输分集改善数字水印的稳健性

许多通常的多媒体信号处理,如剪切、滤波、感知编码等,引起了水印信号衰落状的偏倚。本文提出了一种应用传输分集技术改善数字水印的稳健性的方案。该方案对原始图像作小波金字塔分解,并选择中频子带作为传输信道用来嵌入水印,然后对水印进行伪随机置乱,利用空时编码及其差分检测技术实现水印的嵌入与提取,提取过程无需使用原始图像与估计信道状态信息。实验结果证实了该方案改善了稳健水印的性能。     

Watermarking in halftone images with parity-matched error diffusion

In this paper, a halftone watermarking technique of high watermark rate, robustness, and watermark-rate flexibility is presented. This technique, namely the parity-matched error diffusion (PMEDF) method, is capable of achieving an embedded watermark rate as high as 6.25-25% with good image quality and without the need for the original image as the reference for the decoding. The proposed PMEDF method employs the high efficient parity-matching strategy to spread a watermark bit to each pixel of a block of the host image. Thus, the majority voting mechanism can be applied for decoding to achieve an advantage of high robustness. As documented in the experimental results, this technique is capable of guarding against degradation, due to cropping, tampering, as well as print-and-scan process in error-diffused halftone images.     

基于DCT的彩色图像水印算法

提出了一种基于DCT的彩色图像水印算法,通过修改彩色图像绿色分量的DCT系数实现水印的嵌入。原始二值水印图像经Arnold置乱加密后,嵌入到绿色分量的DCT中频系数中,并能够根据原始图像提取出来。实验证明,该算法能有效抵抗JPEG压缩、裁剪、加噪、图像增强等攻击,具有良好的不可感知性和很强的鲁棒性。     

基于ICA的智能数字水印技术

该文提出了一种基于智能信息分析方法--独立分量分析的智能数字水印新算法。水印嵌入之前先对其进行预处理,嵌入过程可以在图像任意作用域中实现,并给出了小波域中的一种闭环嵌入方法。水印嵌入的强度由小波域视觉模型决定。在不需要任何原始图像、水印和攻击类型等信息的情况下,该算法不仅可以检测到水印而且可以完全提取水印,实现了真正意义上的水印盲检测,并对多个水印嵌入的情况也可以进行水印提取。水印检测的精确程度取决于图像与水印之间的独立性以及所采用的密钥。实验过程中攻击由通用水印测试软件Stirmark产生,实验数据证明本文提出的水印算法对Stirmark提供的各种攻击剪切、滤波、图象压缩、删行、删列、几何攻击以及多种攻击同时存在时都具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于Krawtchouk不变矩的仿射攻击不变性局部水印算法

本文提出了一种基于原始图像Krawtchouk不变矩实现的仿射攻击不变性局部水印算法.具体介绍了Krawtchouk不变矩的构造方法,水印是事先产生的且与原始图像无关,通过将水印嵌入到图像的Krawtchouk不变矩中实现仿射攻击不变性.这种基于Krawtchouk矩的水印算法是局部水印技术,即水印的嵌入只是影响到部分原始图像,因此该算法对剪切攻击具有很好的鲁棒性.检测过程中采用独立分量分析技术实现真正意义上的盲检测.文中具体分析了所提出算法的计算复杂度,实验数据说明这种水印算法对通用水印测试软件Stirmark具有很好的鲁棒性.     

一种有效抵抗裁剪攻击的小波域盲水印算法

该文提出了一种有效抵抗裁剪攻击的小波域盲水印算法,能从小的图像块上检测出水印。首先将图像进行小波变换,选择两个所需要的子带,利用相邻特征平均值和奇偶判决法在两个子带上各自重复内嵌一半水印,在水印检测过程中不需要原始图像。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的透明性,对各种攻击有较强的鲁棒性,尤其是明显增强了小波域水印在面临裁剪攻击和联合攻击时的鲁棒性。     

基于矢量量化压缩编码的数字水印

提出一种基于矢量量化压缩编码(简称VQ编码)技术的水印策略,在对原图像进行VQ编码后,按码书中码字的相似程度对码字进行划分,根据待嵌入水印图像的大小产生一个随机序列作为密钥,然后根据密钥在压缩数据的特定位置嵌入水印。提出的水印策略,其主要特征在于水印既存在于原图像VQ编码后的压缩数据中,也存在于接收端VQ解码后的图像中。压缩后的数据在数据量上远小于原始数据,所以由它替代原图像携带水印,既节省存储空间,也减小了网络传输时间,特别适用于网络环境下的水印嵌入和提取。更重要的是,这种水印策略具有较好的鲁棒性,能够抵抗诸如裁剪、模糊、JPEG压缩等波形攻击和扭转几何攻击。     

基于异或运算和图像融合的盲数字水印嵌入和检测方法

数字水印隐藏是将一个版权识别标志(水印信号)嵌入到图像中的技术。本文提出的一种新的隐藏水印的方法是将水印看作是二值图像,运用小波变换,异或运算,图像融合的方法以及中值滤波来隐藏和提取数字水印。这种方法的优点是不需要原始图像就可以提取出水印图像,可以加密码,对椒盐噪声,剪切攻击具有鲁棒性。     

Hiding digital watermarks using multiresolution wavelet transform

In this paper, an image accreditation technique by embedding digital watermarks in images is proposed. The proposed method for the digital watermarking is based on the wavelet transform. This is unlike most previous work, which used a random number of a sequence of bits as a watermark and where the watermark can only be detected by comparing an experimental threshold value to determine whether a sequence of random signals is the watermark. The proposed approach embeds a watermark with visual recognizable patterns, such as binary, gray, or color image in images by modifying the frequency part of the images. In the proposed approach, an original image is decomposed into wavelet coefficients. Then, multi-energy watermarking scheme based on the qualified significant wavelet tree (QSWT) is used to achieve the robustness of the watermarking. Unlike other watermarking techniques that use a single casting energy, QSWT adopts adaptive casting energy in different resolutions. The performance of the proposed watermarking is robust to a variety of signal distortions, such as JPEG, image cropping, sharpening, median filtering, and incorporating attacks     

基于Tchebichef不变矩的多比特抗几何攻击图像盲水印算法

现有的大多数水印算法对旋转、平移和尺度变换等几何攻击的鲁棒性比较差,微小的几何攻击都有能导致水印检测器失效,因此水印算法对几何攻击具有鲁棒性非常重要。本文提出了一种基于Tchebichef不变矩实现的多比特几何攻击不变性图像盲水印算法。文中具体介绍了Tchebichef不变矩的构造方法,水印是事先产生的与原始图像无关的信号,嵌入过程中将水印嵌入到图像的Tchebichef不变矩中实现几何攻击不变性。水印检测过程中采用独立分量分析技术实现真正意义上的多比特水印盲检测。文中具体分析了所提出的水印算法的计算复杂度,实验过程中采用通用水印测试软件Stirmark对所提出的水印算法进行鲁棒性测试,实验数据说明这种水印算法对Stirmark具有很好的鲁棒性。     

Multiple spatial watermarking technique in color images

This paper presents a novel multiple digital watermarking technique for the copyright protection of digital color images. In order to improve the robustness against cropping attacks, a binary watermark image is divided into four parts. Each is encrypted by a secret key and embedded into different regions of the blue component of the color image in the spatial domain. Watermark extraction is based on the comparisons between the original intensity pixel values and the corresponding watermarked intensity pixel values in blocks of size 8 × 8. The watermark-extracted bits are determined using the probabilities of detecting bit ‘1’ or bit ‘0’. The watermark can be extracted in several parts depending on the size of the host image, but only four of these are selected by a correlation coefficient detector and used to reconstruct the extracted watermark. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme successfully makes the watermark perceptually invisible and robust for a wide range of attacks, including JPEG-loss compression, median filtering, low pass filtering, rotation, rotation-scaling, rotation-crop, image cropping, image scaling, and self-similarity attacks.     

基于量化的扩频水印技术

随着计算机和网络技术的飞速发展，数字图像、音频和视频产品越来越需要一种有效的版权保护方法，数字水印技术为上述问题提供了一个潜在的解决方案。提出了一种基子量化的扩频水印技术，算法将水印信号与序列作扩频调制，调制信号通过量化策略嵌入到块ＤＣＴ变换系数的低频分量中，在嵌入过程中考虑到了局部图像的复杂度，能够自适应地调整嵌入强度，提取水印信号无需使用原始图像。仿真实验表明水印是不可察觉的，经过 ＪＰＥＧ有损压缩、低通与中值滤波、剪切等图像处理操作后仍是稳健的。     

Robust digital watermarking algorithm based on continuous hyperchaotic system and discrete wavelet transform

Many digital watermarking methods have been pro-posedin the last fewyears[1 ,3].It is a tradeoff problemsince whenthe robustness of a watermarkincreases ,theperceptual quality of the contents will be degraded.Hence,the main goal of i mproving a watermarki…     

基于DWT的图像数字水印算法研究

该文提出了一种基于DWT多分辨率分解的数字水印技术。利用多分辨率分解技术，分别将原始图像与水印图像进行三层离散小波变换，将相同分辨率层次水印嵌入到对应的相同分辨率层次的原始静态图像之中，使水印对原始图像具有自适应性。实验结果表明，该文提出的水印算法经某些图像处理操作和JPEG压缩后仍是鲁棒的。     

图像高逼真度的自适应盲水印算法

随着计算机和网络技术的飞速发展,数字图像、音频和视频产品越来越需要一种有效的版权保护方法,所谓数字水印就是一种嵌入到图像、视频或音频数据中的不可见标志,可以用于多媒体数据的版权保护、认证和标注等。该文提出了一个有效的自适应育水印算法,在水印检测过程中不需要原始图像。原始图像经小波变换后,选择内嵌水印所需要的子带,水印根据邻居特征平均值法和奇偶判决法内嵌到频域中所选择的子带上。实验结论和攻击测试表明,该文所提议的算法能得到高逼真度的加水印图像,对如 JPEG有损压缩、中值滤波、附加噪声、伸缩、裁剪等各种图像处理的攻击有较强的稳健性。     

基于DCT变换的彩色图像置乱数字水印算法

介绍了离散余弦变换的系数特征,提出了一种基于离散余弦变换的彩色图像置乱数字水印算法。算法是将数字水印置乱加密后微小的扰动原始彩色图像经离散余弦变换后的对应系数,从而达到数字水印嵌入的目的。仿真实验表明算法简单高效,原图像与嵌入水印后图像差异小,水印提取准确,能较好的保证数字水印不可感知性,在对嵌入水印图像进行各种加噪、裁剪、旋转、锐化等处理后,水印仍有较强的鲁棒性。     

Self Embedding Watermarking Using Halftoning Technique

This paper proposes a self-embedding watermarking scheme for digital images. It exploits a digital halftoning technique to transform the host image to a halftone image, in which the content features of the host image are well preserved. This halftone image is utilized as an approximate or compressed version of the host image and further adopted as a watermark. Unlike most available self-embedding watermarking techniques, in which watermark embedding, tamper detection and image recovery are block-wise-based, our scheme is a pixel-wise and block-wise composite scheme. That is, the watermark is pixel-wise permuted and embedded in the least-significant-bit plane of the host image, while in tamper detection and image recovery, a block-wise strategy is employed. This pixel-wise and block-wise complementary mechanism can overcome a common disadvantage of previous block-wise-based self-embedding watermarking techniques. Our scheme can be used for tamper detection and alteration location. Moreover, the tampered area can be approximately recovered using the extracted watermark. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

A robust region-adaptive dual image watermarking technique

Despite the progress in digital image watermarking technology, the main objectives of the majority of research in this area remain to be the improvement in robustness to attack. In this paper, a novel watermarking technique is proposed using a region-adaptive approach to further improve upon criteria. Watermark data is embedded on different regions of the host image using a combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition techniques. The technique is derived from an earlier hypothesis that the robustness of a watermarking process can be improved by using watermark data which frequency spectrum not dissimilar to that of the host data. To facilitate this, the technique utilises dual watermarking technologies and embed parts of the watermark images into selected regions in the host image. Our experiment shows our technique has improved the robustness of the watermark data to image processing attacks and geometric attacks, thus validating the earlier hypothesis.     

一种嵌入可读水印的自适应盲水印算法

本文提出了一种基于DWT的嵌入可读水印的自适应盲水印算法,通过分析图像经离散小波变换后细节子带系数的特性,把细节子带系数的均值和方差作为水印信息的一部分来自适应地修改图像小波分解后某些细节子带的系数值,在满足水印不可感知性的条件下自适应地嵌入水印信息,实现了水印不可感知性和鲁棒性之间的折衷.同时,水印的提取无须求助于原图像,很好的实现了水印的盲检测.这里的水印是一幅有实际意义的二值图像.实验结果和攻击测试表明,本文提出的算法对JPEG/JPEG2000压缩、添加噪声、剪切、像素移位等多种攻击有较强的鲁棒性,同时对直方图均衡化、对比度调整和高斯滤波等图像处理操作也具有一定的抵抗能力.