单吸盘真空吸附式爬壁机器人密封性能的分析

最新研制的单吸盘真空吸附式爬壁机器人可携带不小于１０ｋｇ的负载在曲率不小于１／３的罐壁弧面上以０￣２ｍ／ｍｉｎ的速度爬行，并能越过３￣４ｃｍ高的凸起焊缝或釉面砖墙的沟缝，本文将着重对该机器人的吸盘密封机构及其性能进行分析和研究。     

一种用于反恐侦察的爬壁机器人系统

介绍了一种用于反恐侦察的爬壁机器人系统．该系统包括3个部分：真空吸附式两足爬壁机器人、便携式遥控器和无线视频传输模块．其中,基于DSP技术开发的控制器可以使机器人在光滑的壁面上灵活地爬行、转向和跨越．文中提出了一种实现机器人在两个不同倾斜壁面之间跨越的控制算法．实验表明,该机器人体积小、噪声低、隐蔽性好;视频模块图像清晰、传输稳定;整个系统可以满足执行反恐侦察任务的基本要求．     

基于Netvlad神经网络的变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统设计

变磁力吸附爬壁机器人是一种具有快速、灵活移动方式的爬行机器人,但其吸附力难以控制,越障稳定性较差,难以保证机器人的平稳爬行;为实现爬壁机器人在大型建筑结构外表面的自主避障,提升机器人与运动平面之间的吸附紧密性,设计基于Netvlad神经网络的变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统;按照PCB控制要求,连接外置SRAM设备与传感器模块,借助驱动I/O口电路提供的电力驱动作用,控制气动阀门的闭合情况,完成变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统硬件结构设计;建立Netvlad神经网络体系,通过划分控制指令程序任务的方式,确定移植参数取值范围,实现对控制协议的移植处理,联合相关硬件应用结构,完成基于Netvlad神经网络的变磁力吸附爬壁机器人控制系统设计;实验结果表明,在所设计系统作用下,障碍物所在位置与爬壁机器人所在位置之间的实测距离未大于30cm,能够有效实现自主避障,保证机器人与运动平面之间的紧密吸附。     

湿吸附机理及其在仿生爬壁机器人中的应用

提出一种新的基于湿吸附机理的仿生爬壁机器人．首先讨论湿吸附模型及吸附力的控制方法,对一种 基于硫化硅橡胶（聚合物）的仿生足垫的湿吸附力进行测试,由此验证足垫与壁面间的液体薄膜对吸附力的积极影 响．然后设计一种实验研究用的轮爪式仿生爬壁机器人,并对其进行静力学分析．最后对所设计的机器人进行爬壁 试验．结果表明,液体薄膜可以有效提高足垫吸附力,所研制的湿吸附机器人可吸附于约85度的壁面,可成功爬行 于坡度约65度的玻璃壁面,一定程度上验证了湿吸附机理爬壁机器人的可行性．     

被动吸附式小型爬壁机器人开发

区别于使用真空发生器抽吸空气产生真空的传统爬壁机器人,本文介绍了一种利用吸盘自身形变和机构运动产生真空,在壁面上爬行的被动吸盘履带式机器人结构特点,并对其控制系统的组成作了说明。     

被动吸附式小型爬壁机器人开发

区别于使用真空发生器抽吸空气产生真空的传统爬壁机器人,本文介绍了一种利用吸盘自身形变和机构运动产生真空,在壁面上爬行的被动吸盘履带式机器人结构特点,并对其控制系统的组成作了说明.     

基于ADAMS的仿壁虎爬壁机器人的运动仿真

为实现在不同环境的壁面上自由爬行,设计了应用仿壁虎微纳米粘附阵列的爬壁机器人,建立了机器人的动力学模型及足部与壁面之间的接触模型,并利用机械系统动力学软件ADAMS的仿真功能,对机器人沿垂直壁面爬行的运动特性进行了仿真.利用ADAMS的后处理模块的分析功能,重点研究了在一个运动周期内,模型整体质心的位移、电机转矩以及足部与壁面之间的接触力随时间的变化情况.仿真结果表明该仿壁虎爬壁机器人能够以约26mm/s的速度沿着垂直的壁面平稳地运动,不存在波动和偏离.这为下一步研制仿壁虎爬壁机器人的物理样机提供了理论指导,也为其他仿生机器人的研究提供了参考.     

一种仿生爪刺式履带爬壁机器人设计与分析

为提高爬壁机器人的粘附性能和脱附效率,实现高效爬行运动,提出了一种仿生爪刺式履带爬壁机器人.该机器人结合了腿式机器人容易脱附和履带式机器人粘附面积大的优点,在不增加额外驱动的前提下,实现了机器人爪刺足的可控粘附与脱附.首先,在东方绢金龟足部柔顺跗节链结构的启发下,设计了仿生柔顺爪刺结构来适应粗糙壁面形貌、提高足部粘附性能.然后,针对履带旋转运动引起爪刺脱附困难的问题,设计了一种双轨道机构来模仿昆虫足部粘附、脱附动作.最后,在多种粗糙壁面上开展了爬行实验,结果表明爪刺足粘附稳定且易于脱附.     

爪刺式飞行爬壁机器人的仿生机理与系统设计

在深入分析自然界生物在含粉尘非结构化表面上着陆栖息和爬行仿生原理的基础上,建立了爪刺式飞行爬壁机器人的爬行动力学模型和接触―碰撞动力学模型,研究了爬壁系统的爬行动力学和机器人整机的接触―碰撞动力学行为.利用柔性碳纤维杆和柔性绳组合机构以及爪刺机构,实现爪刺对壁面的自适应抓附与脱离.完成了具有飞行和壁面爬行能力的爪刺式飞行爬壁机器人的优化设计,并开展了整机着陆栖息和爬行的实验.通过与计算结果的比较,验证了动力学模型的正确性和仿生设计的可行性.研究得到了理想爬行步态所需要的舵机驱动力曲线,且发现当尼龙绳预紧力为0.75 N时,对爬行过程中的抖振现象的减缓效果最佳.同时,还深入分析了着陆初速度、能量转换以及舵机升力对着陆栖息的影响,结果表明当着陆碰撞前速度约为0.9 m/s、俯仰角约为?10?时,机器人能正常着陆在粗糙壁面上,并且碳纤维杆的能量转换与升力的共同配合能扩大成功着陆所需的初始状态范围.     

基于自适应模糊PID的爬壁机器人运动路径控制研究

为解决爬壁机器人沿轨迹爬行检测过程中出现的位姿偏差问题,将模糊控制和传统比例积分微分(PID)相结合,提出了一种基于自适应模糊PID的运动路径控制方法。在建立相应的爬壁机器人运动模型的基础上,对爬行过程中的位姿偏差进行分析,设计了一种自适应模糊PID控制器。给出以位姿偏差角度为外环、以电机转速为内环的双闭环模糊控制方法,通过不断检测爬壁机器人的位姿角度误差,将实时的角度误差转化为左右电机的差速,再对左右电机转速进行模糊PID控制,进而改变爬壁机器人的运动方向。利用Simulink对模糊PID控制效果进行仿真分析。结果表明:自适应模糊PID相比于传统PID跟踪响应效果更好,具有较好的自适应能力;双闭环模糊控制能够更好地使爬壁机器人沿目标轨迹稳定爬行。     

Reinforcement learning for a biped robot to climb sloping surfaces

A neural network mechanism is proposed to modify the gait of a biped robot that walks on sloping surfaces using sensory inputs. The robot climbs a sloping surface from a level surface with no priori knowledge of the inclination of the surface. By training the neural network while the robot is walking, the robot adjusts its gait and finally forms a gait that is as stable as when it walks on the level surface. The neural network is trained by a reinforcement learning mechanism while proportional and integral (PI) control is used for position control of the robot joints. Experiments of static and pseudo dynamic learning are performed to show the validity of the proposed reinforcement learning mechanism. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A control for an insectomorphic robot in motion along a vertical corner and a horizontal beam

The problems of climbing a vertical corner and of moving on a horizontal beam while maintaining dynamic balance are solved for a six-legged robot. The opening angle of the comer is equal to Gp/2, and robot climbs it from a horizontal supporting surface. The motion is implemented using dry friction forces. The motion pattern in the passage from the horizontal surface on the corner and the motion in the upward direction are determined by the structure of the gallop gait. Using computer simulation, it is shown that a friction coefficient equal to 1.1 is sufficient for implementation of the motion constructed. In the motion on a narrow beam, the robot goes by a diagonal gait on the front and back legs. The middle legs are used as fly wheels in order to control the kinetic moment of the body relative to the supporting diagonal to reach robot stability in the top position. A PD-controller is designed that provides the required control of the relative motion of the middle legs. The results of computer simulation of the controlled robot dynamics are presented.     

Development and experimental study of a novel pruning robot

This article presents the development of a timberjack-like pruning robot. The climbing principal is an imitation of the climbing approach of timberjacks in Japan. The robot’s main features include having its center of mass outside the tree, and an innovative climbing strategy fusing straight and spiral climbs. This novel design brings both lightweight and high climbing speed features to the pruning robot. We report our progress in developing the robot, focusing on straight climbing, behavior on uneven surfaces, and pruning.     

An insectomorphic robot climbing over a freely rolling ball

An algorithm for the control of an insectomorphic robot climbing over a ball that rolls freely on a horizontal plane is developed and tested using computer simulation. The proposed motion involves three maneuvers. First, the robot climbs the ball at rest from the horizontal surface. At the end of this maneuver, the ball gains an angular velocity due to errors in the execution of the programmed motion. The further motion of the robot is designed so as to reduce the velocity gained in the course of climbing to an acceptable level. The motion is completed by the maneuver of getting down to the supporting horizontal plane from the almost motionless ball. The robot motion is implemented using the Coulomb friction without any special devices. The asymptotic stability of the programmed motion of the system as a whole is ensured by a PD controller that implements the step cycles of the leg motions and the planned motion of the body. Results of 3D computer simulation of the robot motion are discussed. The model of the mechanical robot-ball system is formed using the Universal Mechanism program package; this model is described by an automatically derived system of differential equations that take into account the dynamics of all solid elements.     

Echolocation — From range to outline segments

A ring of ultrasonic sensors mounted on a mobile robot is used to map a room. The sensors are modelled with an arc model: the object causing the reflection lies on an arc with radius equal to the range and arc angle equal to twice the beam angle. By fusing sensing with motion, a surface is displayed as a sequence of arcs. In this paper, the algorithm for obtaining outline segments from the arcs is presented.     

弧焊机器人的应用与发展

本文简要介绍弧焊机器人特点和应用现状,着重论述弧焊机器人应用新技术,并对弧焊机器人的应用技术难点进行分析以及对弧焊机器人的发展趋势进行了概括．     

高性能机器人控制系统的研究

本文介绍了高性能机器人控制器的研制情况．该系统具有较高的控制精度，可 完成对机器人和多个外部轴的协调控制．为便于国内用户使用，实现了中文界面功能键驱动 的汉字编程示教盒．为适应机器人生产线的需要，提供了丰富的联网功能和生产线监控诊断 功能．目前该系统已用于新松公司的6kg工业机器人产品中．     

Whole-body motion planning and control of a quadruped robot for challenging terrain

Quadruped robots working in jungles, mountains or factories should be able to move through challenging scenarios. In this paper, we present a control framework for quadruped robots walking over rough terrain. The planner plans the trajectory of the robot's center of gravity by using the normalized energy stability criterion, which ensures that the robot is in the most stable state. A contact detection algorithm based on the probabilistic contact model is presented, which implements event-based state switching of the quadruped robot legs. And an on-line detection of contact force based on generalized momentum is also showed, which improves the accuracy of proprioceptive force estimation. A controller combining whole body control and virtual model control is proposed to achieve precise trajectory tracking and active compliance with environment interaction. Without any knowledge of the environment, the experiments of the quadruped robot SDUQuad-144 climbs over significant obstacles such as 38 cm high steps and 22.5 cm high stairs are designed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.     

改进遗传算法在弧焊机器人路径规划中的应用

本文通过对弧焊机器人最优路径规划的分析,提出一种新的基因植入贪婪遗传算法,用于弧焊机器人的全局路径规划的优化,而且具有较强的可操作性,符合多关节工业机器人的实际应用条件,可直接应用于机器人的离线编程。     

弧焊机器人在三万辆汽车组焊线上的应用技术研究

本文就弧焊机器人环形焊接系统在汽车组焊线上应用进行了论述,并详细地介绍了以弧焊机器人为中心的环形焊接系统、系统应用程序和弧焊机器人焊接工艺参数及操作规范.