复配精练酶对棉籽壳的降解作用

研究纸浆酶、纤维素酶和碱性果胶酶复配前后对棉籽壳的降解效果.试验发现,碱性果胶酶稳定性差,单独使用,对棉籽壳无降解作用,棉籽壳在PH值11.0时的8％失重率,系碱性溶解所致;纤维素酶降解棉籽壳的效果最好;pH值6.0条件下,纤维素酶与纸浆酶复配后的棉籽壳失重率是单一纤维素酶的2倍,在pH值10.0时,3种酶复配后造成的失重率是纤维素酶的3倍;pH值9.0以下,双氧水对复配酶降解棉籽壳的影响不大.     

降解棉籽壳用精练酶的选择

棉籽壳是棉织物酶精练的难点.采用傅里叶变换红外显微定点扫描技术,分析得到了棉籽壳的主要化学组分及分布,据此初步筛选出碱性木聚糖酶、细菌角质酶、碱性纤维素酶、碱性果胶酶和碱性脂肪酶,并用于棉籽壳降解.正交试验结果表明,碱性木聚糖酶最为有效,依次为细菌角质酶、碱性纤维素酶和碱性果胶酶.     

超声波对酶精练效果的影响研究

在超声波中对棉织物进行果胶酶处理，利用超声波的穿透能力，使果胶酶与纤维充分接触，从而达到良好的精练效果。本论文研究了果胶酶用量、pH值、温度、时间等因素对精练效果的影响，并探讨了纤维素酶、蛋白酶和木聚糖酶对果胶酶进行复配的效果。     

酶精练对棉针织物润湿性的影响

研究了果胶酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶在棉针织物酶精练中润湿性的影响，结果表明：仅使用果胶酶精练织物润湿性较差，果胶酶与纤维素酶协同作用能一定程度上改善棉织物的润湿性，蛋白酶和脂肪酶对棉织物的润湿性改善较小，氧漂和萃取也能提高织物的润湿性。     

棉织物酶精练工艺探讨

从棉织物酶精练机理出发 ,利用纤维素酶和果胶酶在不同条件下对棉织物进行精练处理 ,分别测定处理后织物的毛效、白度、断裂强力和染色后K/S值 ,并与碱精练织物的相应值进行了对比分析。实验结果表明 ,酶精练后的织物不仅能达到碱精练的同样效果 ,并且具有节能、设备简单、工艺流程短等优点     

棉织物酶精练工艺探讨

从棉织物酶精练机理出发，利用纤维素酶和果胶酶在不同条件下对棉织物进行精练处理，分别测定处理后织物的毛效、白度、断裂强力和染色后K／S值，并与碱精练织物的相应值进行了对比分析。实验结果表明，酶精练后的织物不仅能达到碱精练的同样效果，并且具有节能、设备简单、工艺流程短等优点。     

酶精练工艺探讨

用果胶酶与纤维素酶复配对棉毛布进行精练.对影响酶精练效果的各因素进行实验分析,得出了合理的工艺条件:果胶酶1.5%、纤维素酶3.0%、表面活性剂2 g/L、pH值8、温度50℃、时间30min、浴比1:30,用此工艺处理的棉毛布与碱精练工艺处理的棉毛布效果基本相同,所以,此酶精练工艺可替代传统碱精练工艺.     

真丝织物酶复配精练工艺探讨

本文选用S114枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和木瓜酶复配在纯碱预处理的前提下，对影响酶处理因素进行实验，测试不同条件下精练后织物的脱胶率、毛效、白度等因素，优选出适合真丝织物酶精练的最佳工艺条件。     

纯棉织物复配酶精练工艺设计及分析

通过测试精练处理前后纯棉织物的减量率、断裂强力、毛细效应、白度、悬垂系数等指标,确定了能最大程度发挥酶的协同效应的相对优化的复配酶精练工艺：浴比为1：20,果胶酶3g／L,纤维素酶3g／L,蛋白酶2g／L,渗透剂JFC2/L,pH值8,温度55℃,时间30min。     

生物酶在大麻织物精练中的应用

分别采用精练酶、果胶酶和纤维素酶对大麻织物进行精练处理,通过分析酶用量、处理温度、时间以及pH对处理后织物毛效和抗弯刚度的影响,得出3种酶较优的处理工艺.对比3种酶单独处理和两两复配处理对大麻织物毛效和抗弯刚度的影响,结果为:纤维素酶与果胶酶复配处理的综合效果较好,毛效为16.8 cm,抗弯刚度为213 mg·mm.     

The addition of cottonseed hulls to the starter and supplementation of live yeast or mannanoligosaccharide in the milk for young calves

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the addition of cottonseed hulls (CSH) to the starter and the supplementation of live yeast product (YST) or mannanoligosaccharide product (MOS) to milk, on growth, intake, rumen development, and health parameters in young calves. Holstein (n = 116) and Jersey (n = 46) bull (n = 74) and heifer (n = 88) calves were assigned randomly within sex at birth to treatments. All calves were fed 3.8 L of colostrum daily for the first 2 d. Holstein calves were fed 3.8 L of whole milk, and Jersey calves were fed 2.8 L of whole milk through weaning at 42 d. Calves continued on trial through 63 d. Six treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial. Calves received either a corn-soybean meal-based starter (21% crude protein and 6% acid detergent fiber; −CSH) or a blend of 85% corn-soybean meal-based starter and 15% CSH (18% crude protein and 14% acid detergent fiber; +CSH) ad libitum. In addition, calves received whole milk with either no supplement (NONE) or supplemented with 3 g/d of mannanoligosaccharide product (MOS) or 4 g/d of live yeast product (YST) through weaning at 42 d. Twelve Holstein steers [n = 6 (per starter type); n = 4 (per supplement type)] were euthanized for collection and examination of rumen tissue samples. Dry matter intake (DMI) was greater for Holstein calves fed +CSH (0.90 kg/d) than −CSH (0.76 kg/d). Final body weight at 63 d of Holstein calves fed +CSH (75.8 kg) was greater than that of those fed −CSH (71.0 kg). Average daily gain (ADG) was greater for Holstein calves fed +CSH (0.58 kg/d) than −CSH (0.52 kg/d). However, Holstein calves fed −CSH had a greater feed efficiency (FE; 0.71 kg of ADG/kg of DMI) than those fed +CSH (0.65 kg of ADG/kg of DMI). Also, Holstein calves fed +CSH had narrower rumen papillae (0.32 mm) compared with those fed −CSH (0.41 mm). There were no significant effects of CSH on DMI, ADG, or FE in Jersey calves. There were no significant effects of YST or MOS on DMI, ADG, FE, or rumen papillae measures in Holstein calves. Jersey calves fed YST or MOS had greater final body weight at 63 d (51.2 kg and 51.0 kg, respectively) than calves fed NONE (47.5 kg). However, there were no significant effects of YST or MOS on DMI, ADG, or FE in Jersey calves.     

果胶酶精练乳化工艺及其对棉织物精练效果的影响

采用碱性果胶酶Bioperp^TM对纯棉织物进行精练加工，测定了在不同乳化工艺下织物上蜡质及果胶质质量分数的变化及处理后棉织物的各种性能，得到了乳化工艺与精练织物上的杂质质量分数及其主要性能间的关系．试验结果表明：果胶酶精练工艺中，乳化加工是影响棉织物精练效果的关键因素．在乳化剂用量一定的情况下，果胶质的去除率会影响到蜡质的去除率，两者成反比关系．     

天然棕色棉色素与白色棉棉籽壳色素成分的比较

 采用诊断试剂、紫外光谱、红外光谱对棕色棉色素和白棉棉籽壳色素的化学成分进行对比分析发现：棕色棉色素和白棉棉籽壳色素为同一类物质,均为缩合单宁类化合物;2种色素的主要成分均含有邻二酚羟基结构,白棉棉籽壳色素的主要成分还含有间三酚结构,而棕色棉色素中含间苯三酚结构的成分含量很低。另外,2种色素的高效液相色谱分离结果表明,白色棉棉籽壳色素提取物所含组分较多,而棕色棉色素主要有4种组分,2种色素并无分子结构完全一致的组分。     

黑曲霉固态发酵生产亚麻脱胶用复合酶的研究

以麸皮为培养基主要原料,采用单因子和正交试验对黑曲霉HYA4固态发酵生产亚麻脱胶用复合酶的培养基以及培养条件进行了优化,结果表明,最适培养基组成为麸皮10g、豆粕添加量2.5%、NaNO33.5%、(NH4)2SO41.0%、加水量10mL;最适发酵条件为:250mL三角瓶装料10g、起始pH值5.0～5.5、培养温度32℃、培养时间为96h。工艺优化后果胶酶和木聚糖酶活力分别可达2215.48U/g干曲,99.68U/g干曲。     

亚麻脱胶过程中常用酶类的动态变化

对亚麻快速生物脱胶和温水沤麻过程中的果胶酶、木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、微生物、pH值和还原糖等进行了动态变化研究。结果表明,2种脱胶过程中果胶酶和木聚糖酶的变化趋势基本相似,酶活性脱胶前期均增加缓慢,中后期迅速增加;纤维素酶活性的变化趋势有明显的区别,快速生物脱胶的纤维素酶酶活性增加幅度小,酶活性低(0.05 IU/mL左右),温水沤麻的纤维素酶在发酵72 h后迅速增加,脱胶完成后酶活性达0.337 9 IU/mL;微生物的变化趋势基本相似,在脱胶前期迅速增加、脱胶完成时开始下降;pH值和还原糖量的变化趋势分别呈“U”型和“M”型。     

几株真菌对棉籽粕和棉籽壳脱毒的影响

以棉籽壳和棉籽粕为主要原料,利用酵母（JM-1、JM-2、JM-干1、JM-干2）、霉菌（MM-1、MM-2、MM-3、MM-4）,通过发酵试验确定最佳的脱毒菌种。结果表明,以JM-1效果最好。在棉籽粕中,JM-1能将棉籽粕中棉酚的含量由发酵前的0．2018％降低到0．0266％,MM-1能使棉籽粕的棉酚含量降低到0．...     

The effect of corn silage particle size and cottonseed hulls on cows in early lactation

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of reducing forage particle length (FPL) and the inclusion of cottonseed hulls (CSH) on intake, digestibility, chewing activity, and milk production of cows in early lactation. Sixteen multiparous cows averaging 17 +/- 3 d in milk and 677 +/- 58 kg BW were assigned to one of four 4 x 4 Latin squares. One square contained ruminally cannulated cows to evaluate effects of treatment on rumen fermentation and function. During each of the 23-d periods, cows were offered one of four total mixed rations that differed in particle length (long or short corn silage) and CSH inclusion rate (0 or 8% DM). Dietary treatments were: long no CSH (LGNH), long with CSH (LGH), short no CSH (SHNH), and short with CSH (SHH). Total physically effective NDF content, measured as percentage of NDF greater than 1.18 mm, was similar across diets, but mean particle length decreased with reducing FPL and inclusion of CSH. Dry matter intake was not significantly affected by FPL but was significantly increased with the inclusion of CSH. Decreasing FPL and the inclusion of CSH significantly increased neutral detergent fiber intake. Total chewing activity expressed as minutes per day was unaffected by FPL and the inclusion of CSH. Both eating and ruminating efficiency expressed as minutes per kilogram of neutral detergent fiber intake increased with increasing FPL and decreased with the inclusion of CSH. Milk production did not differ across treatments, but the inclusion of CSH significantly increased percent and yield of milk protein. Reducing FPL tended to reduce percentage milk fat but not yield. Mean ruminal pH was not affected by FPL but was highest on diets containing CSH, even though no treatment effects were observed on total VFA, acetate, or propionate concentration. These resuits indicate that corn silage FPL is a poor predictor of total chewing time and rumen pH but is useful in understanding factors affecting feeding behavior. In addition, the inclusion of CSH, resulted in increased rumination and mean rumen pH even though effects on VFA concentration were not observed.     

烟秆替代部分棉籽壳作培养基栽培真姬菇的效果

研究了烟秆替代部分棉籽壳作培养基栽培真姬菇时菌丝生长、产量、生物转化率和经济效益等方面的表现,结果表明:烟秆能促进真姬菇菌丝生长,提高单产6.1%~12.8%,显著提高栽培原料生物转化率,节约真姬菇生产成本,其产品符合无公害食品标准。     

草菇组织分离继代中菌种退化对相关酶活力的影响

组织分离常用于食用菌菌种提纯和复壮,但连续多次组织分离会造成菌种退化.以草菇V844为初始菌株T0,连续组织分离继代18次获得继代菌株T1～T18,测定T0～T18的生理性状及纤维素、半纤维素、木质素降解相关酶活力,并结合转录组学分析.结果表明,随着继代次数的增加,草菇菌落直径逐渐变小,菌丝生长速度和菌丝生物质量先增加...