各向同性磁流变橡胶材料的摩擦实验研究

分别从宏观和微观角度研究磁场对各向同性磁流变橡胶摩擦性能的影响.搭建了磁流变橡胶的摩擦实验平台,在外加磁场下进行滑动摩擦实验.实验结果表明,磁流变橡胶在轻载且低速条件下,摩擦系数随正压力增大呈减小趋势,而且磁场会使得磁流变橡胶表面的摩擦系数减小,且减小趋势随羰基铁粉体积比的增加呈现非线性变化,当羰基铁粉体积比为10％、正压力为0.25N、磁场强度为250 mT时,其摩擦系数变化最大,减小约25％.通过金相显微镜进一步观测施加磁场前后的磁流变橡胶表面,检测表明磁场使得羰基铁粉在磁流变橡胶表面产生聚集,从而使其表面材料属性及微结构发生变化,该变化是促使磁流变橡胶的摩擦性能发生改变的重要原因.     

各向同性磁流变橡胶材料的摩擦实验研究

分别从宏观和微观角度研究磁场对各向同性磁流变橡胶摩擦性能的影响。搭建了磁流变橡胶的摩擦实验平台,在外加磁场下进行滑动摩擦实验。实验结果表明,磁流变橡胶在轻载且低速条件下,摩擦系数随正压力增大呈减小趋势,而且磁场会使得磁流变橡胶表面的摩擦系数减小,且减小趋势随羰基铁粉体积比的增加呈现非线性变化,当羰基铁粉体积比为10%、正压力为0.25N、磁场强度为250mT时,其摩擦系数变化最大,减小约25%。通过金相显微镜进一步观测施加磁场前后的磁流变橡胶表面,检测表明磁场使得羰基铁粉在磁流变橡胶表面产生聚集,从而使其表面材料属性及微结构发生变化,该变化是促使磁流变橡胶的摩擦性能发生改变的重要原因。     

固体润滑剂对磁流变液摩擦性能的影响

从磁流变液的配方设计入手,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机研究了不同类型的固体润滑剂对磁流变液摩擦性能的影响,并考察了固体润滑剂在不同触变剂体系和不同基础油体系磁流变液中的配伍性,记录了摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线。结果表明,无机层状结构类固体润滑剂和高分子化合物类固体润滑剂的加入均能有效地改善磁流变液的润滑性能,其中二硫化钼在无机层状结构类固体润滑剂中的润滑效果最佳,氮化硼的润滑效果最差。固体润滑剂在以二氧化硅为触变剂的磁流变液体系中的减摩效果优于以高岭土为触变剂的磁流变液体系。与硅油磁流变液体系相比,在矿物油磁流变液体系中聚四氟乙烯和氮化硼能能起到明显的润滑效果,二硫化钼和石墨的润滑效果变弱。     

固体润滑剂对磁流变液摩擦性能的影响

从磁流变液的配方设计入手,采用四球摩擦磨损实验机研究了不同类型的固体润滑剂对磁流变液摩擦性能的影响,并考察了固体润滑剂在不同触变剂体系和不同基础油体系磁流变液中的配伍性,记录了摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线。结果表明,无机层状结构类固体润滑剂和高分子化合物类固体润滑剂的加入均能有效地改善磁流变液的润滑性能,其中MoS2在无机层状结构类固体润滑剂中的润滑效果最佳,氮化硼的润滑效果最差。固体润滑剂在以SiO2为触变剂的磁流变液体系中的减摩效果优于以高岭土为触变剂的磁流变液体系。与硅油磁流变液体系相比,在矿物油磁流变液体系中聚四氟乙烯和氮化硼能能起到明显的润滑效果,MoS2和石墨的润滑效果变弱。     

添加剂对羰基铁磁流变液的摩擦磨损特性的影响

采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了羰基铁磁流变液中添加剂对摩擦曲线、摩擦系数、磨斑直径、最大无卡咬负荷岛和烧结负荷如的影响，用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨痕表面形貌。结果表明，SiO2或粘土等触变剂使磁流变液的润滑性能降低。通过添加有机钼等固体润滑荆可以提高磁流变液的润滑性能，但随着负荷的增大，含各类添加剂的磁流变液的摩擦系数和磨斑直径趋于一致。磁流变液的磨粒磨损的机理主要为微观切削，表现为沟犁效应。羰基铁磁流变液的边界润滑性能主要取决于基础油的特性．     

磁场作用下磁流变液剪切性能的实验分析

本文研究了磁流变液的力学性能,制备了羰基铁粉体积分数为20%的硅油基磁流变液,观察了磁流变液在磁场作用下的微观变化,测试了磁流变液的剪切性能。实验表明,无磁场作用下,磁流变液为牛顿流体;在磁场作用下,随着剪切速率的增加,剪切应力趋于稳定,表观粘度呈现指数式下降,磁流变液具有剪切稀化效应,符合广义Bingham模型。磁流变液剪切应力和外加电流的依赖关系为:在电流较小时,剪切应力表现为指数增长,指数值约为1.5;随着外加电流的增大,剪切应力表现为线性增长,最终达到稳定值。     

磁流变液的流体动力学理论

在外加磁场作用下,磁流变液从牛顿流体变成了Bingham体,超过屈服应力开始流动,其的流变性(弹性、塑性、粘性)、磁化性、导电性、传热性以及其它的机械性质和物理学性质皆发生显著的改变.研究磁流变液在外加磁场作用下,流场分布规律随磁场强度变化的动态特性,建立磁流变液的流体动力学理论,对开发和设计磁流变器械至关重要.本文运用物理学和流体力学的基本理论,结合本构方程,考虑磁场对磁流变液的流动的影响,建立了磁流变液力磁耦合的流体动力学模型,给出了描述磁流变液流动的基本方程组.     

磁流变液导电性能研究

磁流变液的安全性是其应用推广的重要保障,对磁流变液导电特性（绝缘特性）的研究有着重要意义。实验的目的是测量出磁流变液的阻值随磁场变化规律,并分析其导电性能。设计制作了磁流变液电阻,该电阻是上下底面为金属的圆柱体容器,容器内装满磁流变液。在外加磁场作用下,由于两金属极板间的磁流变液的磁性颗粒连接成链,使极板间的导电性能发生变化,从而导致电阻减小。推导出了电阻表达式,表明与实验结果相符。     

磁流变液在圆筒间的粘塑性流动

磁流变液具有粘性和粘塑性流体特性.基于Navier-Stokes方程,分析了外加磁场对在两圆筒间隙间的磁流变液粘塑性流动的影响,得到了速度和流量表达式,为圆筒式磁流变器件的设计提供了理论依据.研究结果表明:速度沿磁场方向呈抛物线和直线分布;流量可由外加磁场连续调控.     

电场磁场对电流变液体减振器性能影响的研究

由于电流变液和磁流变液具有良好的可控性能和力学性能而在工程上具有广阔的应用前景.本文将其用于环形间隙通道外置的双缸电流变液体减振器.同时,对电流变液减振器在同时外加电场和垂直磁场作用下阻尼力的变化进行了理论研究和台架实验研究.结果表明,在外加电场和垂直磁场作用下,电流变效应得到加强,改善了减振器的示功特性.     

触变剂对硅油基磁流变液摩擦磨损性能的影响

选择高岭土和纳米二氧化硅为触变剂,考察了触变剂类型及含量对硅油基磁流变液的摩擦磨损性能的影响,记录了摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线,测量了磨斑直径,采用SEM观察了磨斑的表面形貌,分析了磨损机理。结果表明,纳米二氧化硅在磁流变液中的抗磨性能优于高岭土。随着二氧化硅含量的增加,磁流变液的润滑性能变差,而磁流变液的抗磨性能在二氧化硅含量为1%时出现最佳值。硅油基磁流变液的磨损机理为三体磨粒磨损,触变剂的加入对磁流变液的磨损形式没有影响,但改善了磨损环境。     

洋葱状纳米碳烟颗粒在基础油中的摩擦学性能

在SRV IV摩擦磨损试验机上,采用球-盘接触方式考察了不同载荷下碳烟颗粒在150SN基础油中的摩擦学性能。借助三维表面形貌仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪及拉曼光谱探讨了载荷诱导的碳烟颗粒的减摩作用机理。结果表明,载荷对碳烟颗粒在150SN基础油中摩擦学特性有较大影响。低载荷时,碳烟颗粒可以改善基础油的抗磨性能;高载荷时,碳烟能够改善基础油的减摩性。载荷诱导的碳烟颗粒的减摩机理与其洋葱状的纳米结构有关,高载荷下碳烟颗粒外层的石墨微晶被剥离,在摩擦副表面形成了减摩层,使摩擦系数下降。     

酚醛树脂基减摩复合材料的研究

本文通过实验研究了酚醛树脂基减摩复合材料中树脂、纤维对减摩材料的机械性能、摩擦性能的影响。在此基础上 ,以实验室自制的改性酚醛树脂为基体 ,以混杂纤维及复合润滑剂为增强材料 ,研制出一种高强度、低摩擦系数、小磨损量的酚醛树脂基纤维增强减摩复合材料。这种新型材料通过科技成果鉴定 ,可望应用于电接触体材料、电车滑块、机车受电弓等多种用途     

磁性流体在均匀梯度磁场中的摩擦学性能测试研究

基于均匀梯度磁场能较准确反映出磁场影响磁性流体摩擦性能的认识,制造了一对产生均匀梯度磁场的线圈安置于改造后的UMT3摩擦试验机中。选用聚α-烯烃合成油基磁性流体为润滑油,测试不同均匀梯度磁场大小、不同载荷和不同往复频率下的磁性流体摩擦学性能。结果显示：载荷、往复运动频率一定时,磁性流体的摩擦系数随均匀梯度磁场的增大而减小;载荷、均匀梯度磁场一定时,磁性流体的摩擦系数随随往复运动频率的增大而减小;磁性流体在均匀梯度磁场中比无磁场中具有更高的承载能力和更长的耐磨寿命。     

磁流变阻尼器瞬态响应性能的研究

基于平行板流体理论,研究了磁流变液在环型极板间的流体力学特性,建立了磁流变阻尼器响应时间与阻尼器结构参数电路参数的关系.着重研究阻尼器结构参数、电路参数对磁流变阻尼器瞬态响应能力的影响,并预测了磁流变阻尼器流相转变的响应时间以及电路过渡时间.本文的结论对磁流变阻尼器结构设计以及性能评估具有重要的理论指导意义.     

Effect of Friction on the Drawing Process of Hot-Galvanized Sheet Steel

A probe test method was employed to detect the friction condition of the interfaces between tools and blank. At the same time a self-developed measurement apparatus to realize the probe test method was also presented. Based on the analysis of force, a correlative friction model was also given. With the self-developed measurement apparatus, the effects of three kinds of lubricating oils which were in common use during the process of sheet steel drawing were studied. By probing the friction coefficient values of different lubricating oils during the drawing process of the hot-galvanized sheet steel (steel brand: ST07Zn), we can see that the friction caused by PK oil was the lowest, so the effect of PK oil was the best. Then PK oil was used as the base lubricating oil and some solid additive powers was added into it to make a new type lubrication (named as L oil).The result of test proved that the new lubricating oil had remarkable effect on the drawing process of hot-galvanized sheet steel.     

Gas-liquid detonation synthesis of graphite coated copper nanoparticles and tribological performance as lubricant additives

Graphite coated copper (Cu@G) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a gas-liquid detonation method, using copper acetate, ethanol, hydrogen and oxygen as the detonation precursors. The composition, morphology and microstructure of detonation products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (TEM-EDX). And a four-ball wear test was carried out to clarify the tribological properties of the mixed lubricating oils, which mainly consisted of the SN150 base oils containing five different concentrations of Cu@G nanoparticles. The results indicated that Cu@G nanoparticles are made up of face-centered cubic (FCC) copper nanocrystal and graphitic shells. The size distribution of core-shell structural products is mainly in range of 10–40 nm and the graphitic shells is about 4–8 nm. From the four-ball tests, the friction coefficient and wear scar diameter (WSD) decrease firstly and then increase with the increase of the contents of Cu@G nanoparticles. When the content of Cu@G nanoparticles is 0.6%, there is a minimum friction coefficient and WSD.     

制动工况参数对制动盘摩擦温度场分布的影响

车用盘式制动器是车辆中的重要零件。在紧急制动过程中,制动压力、整车参数以及轮胎与路面间附着系数之间的关系对制动器摩擦温度场分布有重要的影响。通过有限元仿真,探讨不同制动工况参数对瞬时温度场分布的影响。结果表明：如果忽略制动过程中摩擦热流强度的变化,会给温度场模拟带来较大的偏差。制动初始动能和摩擦力增长过程是影响盘表面温度场的关键因素。     

Tribological properties of dispersed carbon nanotubes in lubricant

This study examined the tribological properties of two lubricating oils, mobil gear 627 and paraffinic mineral oils, with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanoparticles used as additives with various concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt.%). The friction and wear experiments were performed using a four ball tribotester. The samples were tested for their anti-wear, load carrying capacity, and friction coefficients according to ASTM D-2783, ASTM D-2596, and ASTM D-5183 standards. The experimental results show that the addition of MWCNTs to base oils exhibit good friction reduction and anti-wear properties. The wear test results show a decreased wear by 68% and 39% in the case of MWCNTs-based mineral oil as compared with base mobil gear 627 and paraffinic mineral oils, respectively. Furthermore, the friction reduction results show a decrease of friction about 57% and 49% in the case of MWCNTs-based mineral oil as compared with base mobil gear 627 and paraffinic mineral oils, respectively. The weld load of the base oil containing 1% MWCNTs was found to be 400 kgf and 125 kgf as compared with base mobil gear 627 and paraffinic mineral oils, respectively, which got welded at 200 kgf and 100 kgf. The morphologies and typical element distribution of the worn surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The SEM micrographs and EDX chemical analysis confirm the formation of a tribolayer composed of the elements from the nanoparticles.     

Magnetic composites of conducting polyaniline/nano-sized magnetite and their magnetorheology

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids, composed of colloidal particles dispersed in a carrier liquid, possess controllable rheological properties by an external magnetic field, showing dramatic changes of yield stress and shear viscosity caused by transformation between solid-like to liquid-like state. As a new MR material, we synthesized conducting polyaniline (PANI)/nano-sized Fe₃O₄ composites which could be adopted as a dispersed phase of MR fluids. Composites containing nano-sized Fe₃O₄ were synthesized via a chemical reaction method. Microstructure of the PANI/Fe₃O₄ composites was characterized by SEM and XRD. Magnetic property of the composites was characterized by VSM. Furthermore, MR fluid based on PANI/Fe₃O₄ composites was investigated using a rotational rheometer equipped with a magnetic field generator, exhibiting a typical MR performance of which shear stress of the fluids increased abruptly under magnetic fields.