核壳结构CdS：Mn/ZnS纳米晶的制备与光学性能研究

以3-巯基丙酸为稳定剂,采用共沉淀法在水相中合成了CdS∶Mn掺杂纳米晶,然后进一步将ZnS包覆于CdS∶Mn纳米晶表面,制备了CdS∶Mn/ZnS核壳结构纳米晶。利用X射线衍射（XRD）,透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）对纳米晶的结构、形貌和光学性质进行了表征,发现制备的纳米晶具有优秀的单分散性,确认合成了CdS∶Mn/ZnS核壳结构纳米晶。通过荧光光谱（PL）研究了纳米晶的发光性质和光稳定性,结果表明包覆壳层后纳米晶的发光强度显著提高,最高可达8倍,且Mn2＋离子的发光峰峰位置随着ZnS壳层数的增加而红移。此外,核壳纳米晶的光稳定性大大提高。     

不同壳层的CdS／ZnS核／壳结构量子点的温度相关荧光性质

报导了CdS／ZnS纳米晶体（NCs）的制备过程和其光学}生质。通过采用连续离子层吸附和反应技术（SILAR）,我们用少量的表面活性剂合成了不同壳层的四个样品,包括CdS核纳米晶以及具有1～3层ZnS壳的CdS／ZnS核／壳结构纳米晶体样品。发现具有一层ZnS壳的CdS／ZnS样品的荧光量子产率大约比未包覆壳层的CdS纳米晶体样品的强11倍。另外,随着壳层的增加（增至两到三层）,荧光量子产率呈现下降的趋势。对样品进行了温度相关的光谱测量,发现CdS／ZnS和CdS一样具有特殊的光学特性。     

中空CdS/ZnS纳米核壳材料的制备及其光催化性能探究

采用化学浴法制备聚苯乙烯(PS)/CdS纳米核壳材料,在超声波的作用下采用化学浴法制备PS/CdS/ZnS纳米核壳材料,最后溶液刻蚀除去中心模板,得到中空的CdS/ZnS核壳材料。利用SEM、TEM、EDX、XRD和UV-Vis等测试手段对样品的形貌、成分、粒度、微观结构和吸光度等进行了表征。结果表明:该方法制备的CdS/ZnS纳米材料具有空心双壳层结构,颗粒大小均匀,内壳层厚度为85~100nm,外壳层厚度约为40nm,在可见光下具有良好的稳定催化效能,能够多次回收循环利用。     

水溶性量子点制备条件的优化及表面修饰

以L-半胱氨酸为稳定剂在水溶液中合成CdSe纳米粒子,研究了水浴时间、水浴温度、不同L-半胱氨酸/Cd/Se比例、pH值等因素对其荧光光谱的影响,确定了最佳的合成方案.用CdS对其表面进行修饰,采用透射电镜、X射线衍射、光谱法等表征了Cdse/CdS核壳结构颗粒的形成,结果表明该纳米粒子发光强度明显高于单一的CdSe量子点,光谱峰位置有所红移;合成条件会显著影响CASe/CAS核壳结构量子点的荧光性能.     

核壳结构CdS/ZnS@rGA的制备及光催化性能研究

为研究纳米CdS/ZnS@rGA复合材料在可见光下的光催化性能,采用一步溶剂热法合成了以ZnS为壳的CdS/ZnS核壳纳米粒子,将CdS/ZnS核壳纳米粒子附着在rGO纳米片上,并组装成CdS/ZnS@rGA复合气凝胶,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对样品进行了表征,通过亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解实验表明：CdS/ZnS@rGA复合气凝胶的形成不仅可以提高CdS的光稳定性,还可以增强对MB吸附能力,同时对MB的降解有明显的促进作用。可见光反应90 min, 50 mg的CdS/ZnS@rGA对100 mL 20 mg/L MB的去除率最高达到99%。经过5次循环实验,该材料仍具有较好的可重复利用性。     

Ag纳米粒子表面BSA隔离层对聚苯乙烯荧光的增强效应

通过氧化还原法制备了粒径处于50~65nm的球形银(Ag)纳米粒子,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析其形貌及单分散性。在Ag纳米粒子基础上采用沉积自组装法合成了有效粒径为80.8nm的Ag/牛血清白蛋白(BSA)核壳结构纳米粒子。结合SEM、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和荧光发射光谱(FL)分析发现,BSA有效地包覆在Ag纳米粒子的外层,Ag/BSA核壳结构纳米粒子单分散性良好,加入Ag/BSA核壳结构纳米粒子的聚苯乙烯(PS)的荧光强度从100增强到6 000。研究结果表明,BSA隔离层对位于Ag表面附近的PS分子的荧光强度有显著的增强效应。     

PSA@Fe3O4 doped CdS的制备及流变性能研究

用简单的湿化学方法首次制备了PSA@Fe3O4 doped CdS核壳结构复合微球.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、物性测试系统(PPMS)和荧光光谱(PL)对制备的样品进行表征、观察和性质测定.结果显示所制备粒子晶型稳定,尺寸均匀,分散性好.另外,所制备的样品在室温下表现出超顺磁性和荧光性质,充分显示磁性和半导体性质的良好结合.用PSA@Fe3O4 doped CdS颗粒作为磁性粒子制备磁性液体,对其在磁场下的运动和流变性能进行了研究.     

微波辅助合成ZnS∶Ce纳米晶

以乙酸锌为锌源、硫酸高铈为铈源、硫代乙酰胺为硫源、淀粉为分散剂,微波辅助合成了ZnS∶Ce纳米晶。通过X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、荧光分光光度计和激光粒度分析仪对其物相结构、原子键价结构、光学性能和颗粒粒径大小进行了表征分析。研究了不同Ce离子掺杂量对产品结构和光学性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的ZnS∶Ce纳米晶体具有闪锌矿立方相结构,其晶粒大小分布范围为3.5~4.5nm;颗粒大小范围为100~600nm,D50=290nm。激发波长为230nm时,其荧光发射峰在408nm处;掺杂Ce离子浓度增加,ZnS∶Ce纳米晶材料的荧光强度降低,其原因是发生了浓度淬灭现象。     

双修饰Fe3O4/CdSe/CdS荧光磁性复合物的制备及其表征

采用共沉淀法制得Fe3O4溶胶,用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)对其表面进行改性,制得有机硅改性的纳米Fe3O4磁性粒子;用L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐(L-Cys)将油相的CdSe/CdS转成水相并带上氨基的CdSe/CdS纳米晶;将其复合制备了Fe3O4/CdSe/CdS荧光磁性双功能纳米复合物颗粒。该Fe3O4/CdSe/CdS复合物颗粒平均尺寸约为40nm,饱和磁化强度为21.287A.m2/kg,该纳米粒子既具有优异的荧光特性,也具有较强的超顺磁性。     

P(S-SS)/CdS核壳粒子的制备与表征

采用超声辐照乳液聚合得到聚(苯乙烯-苯乙烯磺酸钠)(P(S-SS))乳胶粒,用直接沉淀法在乳胶粒表面原位生成硫化镉(CdS)纳米粒子,得到P(S-SS)/CdS核壳粒子。用元素分析和XPS研究了共聚物的组成及磺酸基(-SO3-)的分布,结果表明,-SO3-主要分布在乳胶粒表面,有利于CdS纳米粒子在乳胶粒表面的沉积。用XRD、TEM及UV-v is表征了共聚物乳胶粒及P(S-SS)/CdS核壳粒子的结构及CdS的量子效应。结果表明,所制备的CdS纳米粒子为六方晶型,平均粒径为6 nm,在P(S-SS)乳胶粒外层形成多层包覆,P(S-SS)/CdS核壳粒子平均粒径为70 nm,CdS纳米粒子表现出明显的量子尺寸效应。     

Size tuning of MAA capped CdSe and CdSe/CdS quantum dots and their stability in different pH environments

The present work reports synthesis of mercaptoacetic acid capped CdSe nanoparticles soluble in water at different temperatures and with different precursor ratios. This enabled to tune the particle size of QDs from 2.7 to 5.8 nm. The particles consist of nanocrystals; with mixed phase, hexagonal wurtzite as well as sphalerite cubic and are luminescent with quantum yield 10%. The quantum yield up to 20% has been obtained by growing a shell of CdS over the CdSe. HR-TEM images, XRD patterns and the photoluminescence excitation spectra shows epitaxial growth of CdS shell over CdSe and with average size 3.2 ± 1.2 and 4.7 ± 1.2 nm for CdSe and CdSe/CdS quantum dots respectively. FT-IR spectrum and the negative zeta potential value together confirms the attachment of mercaptoacetic acid to the QD surface, where the carboxylic acid group is facing towards solvent and provides stability due to electrostatic hindrance. Further, the QDs are checked for their stability and the luminescence in environments of different pH (4–11 pH). Both CdSe and CdSe/CdS agglomerate with total elimination of fluorescence for 4 pH medium, and no shift in the fluorescence emission peak observed for the 6–9 pH, therefore QDs can be applicable as the fluorescence tags in this specific range of pH.     

Synthesis of high-luminescent cadmium sulfide nanocrystallites by a novel single-source precursor route

Highly luminescent cadmium sulfide nanocrystallites have been successfully produced by the thermolysis of a novel single-source precursor, cadmium O, O′-dialkyldithiophosphates, which were dissolved in oleic amine. The microstructure and morphology of the as-prepared CdS nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the as-prepared CdS nanoparticles show a narrow size distribution and high crystallinity. The optical properties of these samples were examined by UV-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Not only an intensive red-light-emitting luminescence phenomenon derived from the solution of the CdS nanocrystallites can be observed easily at room temperature, the band gap of CdS nanocrystallites can also be tailored by changing the length of substituted alkyl chain of single-source precursors.     

CdSe/Cd(x)Zn1-xS core/shell nanocrystals: core morphology and luminescent property

CdSe cores with rod (an aspect ratio of 1.8, d-5 nm) and spherical (an aspect ratio of 1, d-5 nm) morphologies were fabricated by two kinds of organic approaches through adjusting growth processes. Because of large difference of size and morphology, two kinds of cores revealed different absorption spectra. However, these cores exhibited almost same photoluminescence (PL) spectra with a red-emitting PL peak of around 625 nm. This is ascribed that they have a similar size in diameter. A graded Cd(x)Zn1-xS shell of larger band gap was grown around CdSe rods and spheres using oleic acid as a capping agent. Based on the growth kinetics of CdS and ZnS, interfacial segregation was created to preferentially deposit CdS near the core, providing relaxation of the strain at the core/shell interface. For spherical CdSe cores, the homogeneous deposition of the Cd(x)Zn1-xS shell created spherical core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) with a size of 7.1 nm in diameter. In the case of using CdSe cores with rod morphology, the anisotropic aggregation behaviors of CdS monomers on CdSe rods led to the size (approximately 10 nm in diameter) of spherical CdSe/Cd(x)Zn1-xS core/shell NCs with a small difference to the length of the CdSe rod (approximately 8.9 nm). The resulting spherical core/shell NCs created by the rod and spherical cores exhibited almost same PL peak wavelength (652 and 653 nm for using rod and spherical cores, respectively), high PL efficiency up to 50%, and narrow PL spectra (36 and 28 nm of full with at half maximum of PL spectra for the core/shell NCs with CdSe spheres and rods, respectively). These core/shell NCs provide an opportunity for the study of the evolution of PL properties as the shape of semiconductor NCs.     

Highly luminescent blue emitting CdS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots via a single-molecular precursor for shell growth

Highly luminescent blue-emitting CdS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in N-oleoylmorpholine by two facile steps: first, the CdS core QDs were prepared via a simple one-pot method involving a direct reaction of Cd precursor cadmium stearate and S precursor S powder in solvent N-oleoylmorpholine; second, ZnS shells were successively overcoated on CdS core through the decomposition of single molecular precursor zinc diethyldithiocarbamate. The thickness of shell was precisely tuned by controlling drip feed speed and amount of shell precursor. The obtained CdS/ZnS core/shell QDs showed the maximum photoluminescent quantum yield of 54.8% and narrow spectra bandwidth, exhibiting high monodispersity, good color purity and long fluorescent lifetimes. The CdS/ZnS core/shell QDs with tunable emission wavelength of 424–470 nm were obtained by controlling the thickness of ZnS shell overgrown on different-sized CdS QDs, which are promising materials for blue light-emitting devices.     

硫化镉和硫化银与多壁碳纳米管复合材料合成的研究

本文以硝酸镉和硫脲为镉源和硫源,用溶剂热技术在乙二胺和水的混合溶剂中合成CdS/MWNTs复合材料;再以硝酸银和硫化钠为银源和硫源,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,以水为溶剂在室温下合成Ag2S/MWNTs复合材料并采用TEM、XRD对复合材料进行表征,结果表明:CdS纳米晶和Ag2S纳米粒子成功长到了多壁碳纳米...     

Fabrication of patterned CdS/TiO2 heterojunction by wettability template-assisted electrodeposition

A wettability template-assisted process was applied to selectively deposit cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanospheres on TiO₂ nanotube layers to form uniformly coupled CdS/TiO₂ semiconductor heterojunction micropatterns. The effect of deposition time on the size and morphology of the as-prepared CdS/TiO₂ array patterns was investigated. It is shown that the CdS nanocrystals with a highly ordered, hierarchically porous structure in nano-micro dual scales could be selectively grown within the superhydrophilic regions. The patterned CdS/TiO₂ heterojunctions have demonstrated enhanced photo-response under both UV and visible light irradiation. This novel template patterning technique, which is based on wettability contrast, can be applied to a broad range of technological areas, such as sensor arrays and optoelectronic devices.     

Photocurrent generation in a CdS nanocrystals/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-exyloxy)phenylene vinylene] electrochemical cell

In this paper the photoelectrochemical processes occurring in composites formed of organic-capped CdS nanocrystals and low molecular weight poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-exyloxy)phenylene vinylene] conjugated polymer were investigated. High quality colloidal CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by means of thermal decomposition of suitable precursors in non coordinating solvents, using oleic acid as surface capping agent.

The absorption and emission properties of the prepared heterojunctions were studied both in solutions and in composite films.

The dispersed hybrids were also investigated as photoactive materials, focusing on the photoinduced charge transfer and recombination processes at the interface between the two components. The composites have shown a fundamental role in photoelectrochemical applications due to the presence of a great number of interfaces able to enhance the charge transfer between mixture components.

Blend solutions prepared with octylamine capped CdS nanocrystals showed an improvement of the photoconductivity with respect to hybrids containing longer oleate surfactants.     

Synthesis spectrum properties of high-quality CdS quantum dots

High-quality CdS quantum dots with zinc-blende structure were prepared in noncoordinating solvent 1-octadence (ODE), using N-oleoyl-morpholine as an alternative solvent for sulfur powder, oleic acid (OA) as capping ligand. Sulfur powder could be dissolved in N-oleoyl-morpholine at room temperature. The kinetics of nucleation/growth was monitored via the temporal evolution of optical properties of the as-prepared CdS quantum dots. Various synthetic parameters were systematically investigated, such as growth temperature of 190 degrees C-260 degrees C, OA concentrations of 1.5 mL-2 mL, and the feed molar ratios of (0.5-3) Cd/1S. With increasing feed molar ratio of Cd/S, little trap emission could be observed. The feed molar ratio of 3Cd/1S was suggested to be the optimal synthetic window, together with the amount of OA 1.5 mL and the growth temperature of 210 degrees C. The quantum dots with growth periods ranging from 0 to 900 s at 210 degrees C exhibited their first excitonic absorption peak changing from 359 nm to 429 nm and the corresponding average size moved from 2.26 nm to 4.41 nm. The narrowest PL FWHM we obtained was 16 nm. Typical HRTEM images revealed that the as-prepared CdS quantum dots had narrow size distribution and high crystallinity.     

Effect of Sulfur Precursor on Dimensions of One-dimensional CdS Nanocrystals

One-dimensional CdS nanocrystals have been prepared by solvothermal method using cadmium acetate as a cadmium precursor,elemental sulfur and Na2S,as a sulfur precursor,and ethylenediamine as a solvent at 150℃ for 5 h.The nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy.XRD patterns indicate that both Na2S and elemental sulfur as the sulfur precursor result in CdS nanorods with wurtzite phase(h...     

Generalized chemical route to develop fatty acid capped highly dispersed semiconducting metal sulphide nanocrystals

This work deals with the synthesis of highly dispersed semiconducting nanocrystals (NCs) of cadmium sulphide (CdS), zinc sulphide (ZnS) and lead sulphide (PbS) through a simple and generalized process using oleic acid (OA) as surfactant. To synthesize these NCs, metal–oleate (M–O) complexes were obtained from the reaction at 140 °C between metal acetates and OA in hexanes media. Subsequently, M–O complexes were sulphurized using thioacetamide at the same temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations show that the synthesized products are of nanoscale-size with highly crystalline cubic phase. The optical absorption of OA-capped metal sulphide NCs confirms that their size quantization induced a large shift towards visible region. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of CdS NCs shows a broad band-edge emission with shallow and deep-trap emissions, while PL spectrum of ZnS NCs reveals a broad emission due to defects states on the surface. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicate that fatty acid monolayers were bound strongly on the nanocrystal surface as a carboxylate and the two oxygen atoms of the carboxylate were coordinated symmetrically to the surface of the NCs. The strong binding between the fatty acid and the NCs surface enhances the stability of NCs colloids. In general, this generalized route has a great potential in developing nanoscale metal sulphides for opto-electronic devices.