Compatibility and Properties of Biodegradable Blend Films with Gelatin and Poly（vinyl alcohol）

The blend films with gelatin and poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） were prepared by a solution casting method. The compatibility between gelatin and PVA in the blend films was investigated. The transmittance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, x-ray diffraction （XRD）, thermogravimetry analysis （TG）, and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） were employed to characterize the resultant blend films. According to optic result, the opacity of the blend film at the ratio of 20/80 （w/w, Gel to PVA） was the lowest, indicating the best compatibility between Gel and PVA at the ratio. The results oflR, XRD, DSC, and TG revealed an intensive interaction and good compatibility between them in the blend film at the ratio. The mechanical properties and solubility showed that PVA content in the blend films obviously affected the elongation at break and solubility. The mechanical properties and water resistance of gelatin film may be improved by the introduetion of PVA.     

Effect of Ag addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of FePt thin films

FePt thin films and [FePt/Ag]n multilayer thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering technique and subsequent annealing process. By comparing the microstructure and magnetic properties of these two kinds of thin films, effects of Ag addition on the structure and properties of FePt thin films were investigated. Proper Ag addition was found helpful for FePt phase transition at lower annealing temperature. With Ag addition, the magnetic domain pattern of FePt thin film changed from maze-like pattern to more discrete island-like domain pattern in [FePt/Ag]n multilayer thin films. In addition, introducing nonmagnetic Ag hindered FePt grains from growing larger. The in-depth defects in FePt films and [FePt/Ag]n multilayer films verify that Ag addition is attributed to a large number of pinning site defects in [FePt/Ag]n film and therefore has effects on its magnetic properties and microstructure.     

Preparation and Properties of Ag—TiO2 Thin Films on Glass SUbstrates

Ag-TiO2 thin films were prepared on glasses.The morphology and structure of Ag-TiO2 films were investigated by XRD.SEM and FT-IR.The photocatalytic and hydrophilic properties of Ag-TiO2 thin films were also evaluated by examining photocatalytic degradation dichlorophos under sunlight illumination and the change of contact angle respectively.The research results show that the Ag-TiO2 thin film is mainly composed of 20-100nm Ag and TiO2 particles,The Ag-TiO2 thin films possess a super-hydrophilic ability and higher photocatalytic activity than that of pure TiO2 thin film.     

A photosensitive copolymer for UV-curable electrodeposition coatings

A series of photosensitive random copolymers (UPDHES) were prepared by introducing acrylate groups onto the side chain of the copolymer backbone of N, N-domethyl amimethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HEA), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), and styrene (St) (PDHES). The molecular structure of UPDHES was characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR and GPC. The photopolymerization kinetics of UPDHES with different C=C content was investigated using real time FTIR in which it was found that the UPDHES system had notable photosensitivity. The effect of C=C content on the properties of cured films were studied by evaluating various film properties such as thermal stability, glass transition temperature and tensile properties. The thermal degradation of cured films was investigated via thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TGA-IR). Thus a series of UV-curable electrodeposition coatings with good photosensitivity and mechanical properties were prepared from a low-cost photosensitive random copolymer.     

Preparation and characterization of carboxylterminated poly (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) -epoxy resin prepolymers for fusion-bonded-epoxy powder coating

Liquid carboxyl-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile)(CTBN)-epoxy resin(EP) prepolymers were prepared with different contents of CTBN.The chemical reactions between EP and CTBN were characterized by Fourier ransform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography(GPC).The scanning electron micrograph(SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) of curing films showed phase separation,and the rubber particles were finely dispersed in the epoxy matrix.Mechanical properties analysis of curing films showed that impact strength and elongation at break increased significantly upon the addition of CTBN,indicating good toughness of the modified epoxy resins.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) showed that the incorporation of CTBN had little effect on the thermal stability of EP.Fusion-bonded-epoxy(FBE) powder coatings modified with CTBN-EP prepolymers were prepared.The experimental results demonstrate the ability of CTBN-EP prepolymers,toughening technology to dramatically enhance the flexibility and impact resistance of FBE coatings without compromising other key properties such as corrosion protection.     

Crystallization and Electrical Properties of （Ba0.4Pb0.3）Sr0.3TiO3 Thin Film by Pulsed Laser Deposition

（Ba0.4Pb0.3）Sr0.3TiO3 thin films were fabricated via pulsed laser deposition （PLD） technique on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate. The crystallization of the films was characterized by XRD and FSEM, and the experimental results suggested deposition parameters, especially the deposition temperature was the key factor in forming the perovskite structure. The dielectric properties of the film deposited with optimized parameters were studied by an Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer at 1 MHz. The dielectric constant was 772, and the loss tangent was 0.006. In addition, the well-shaped hysteresis loop also showed that the film had a well performance in ferroelectric. The saturated polarization P, remnant polarization Pr and coercive field E were about 4.6 μC/cm2, 2.5 μC/cm2 and 23 kV/cm （the coercive voltage is 0.7 V）, respectively. It is suggested the film should be a promising candidate for microwave applications and nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories （NvFeRAMs）.     

Preparation of Nanometer-structured TiO2 Thin Films by-Sol-Gel Method

The transparent anatse TiO2 nanometer thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method on soda-line glass,X-ray diffraction,thermal analysis and UV-visible spectrophotometer were used to analyze the formation of the phases,Only increasing the heat-treatment time,the average graing size has no obvious change,The mechanism of grain growth in TiO2 thin film is probably as follows:the grain of coating will become grain core later;TiO2 sol constantly deposited on the surface of TiO2 grain and formed membrance with increasing of coating cylce time ;TiO2 grain in the film grow steadily.     

Bactericidal and Photocatalytie Activity of Fe^3＋-TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by the Sol-gel Method

Pure TiO2 thin films and iron doped TiO2 thin films on glass substrate were prepared by sol-gel method, and characterized by X-ray diffractometer （XRD）, thermo-gravimetric analysis （TG-DSC）, high resolution transmission electron microscope （HRTEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. The experimental results show that the pure TiO2 thin films and iron doped TiO2 thin films can destroy most of the escherichia coli and bacillus subtillis under the irradiation of 365 nm UV-light. However, the iron doped TiO2 thin film is a better photocatalyst than pure TiO2 thin film. The ultrastructural studies provide direct evidences for understanding the bactericidal mechanism of the TiO2 photocatalyst.     

Dielectric,Optical and Thermal Properties of LDPE/ZnO Hybrid Film

The hybrid films of low-density polyethylene(LDPE) embedded with zinc oxide(Zn O) particles were prepared by melt-blending process. X-ray diffraction(XRD) results illustrate that Zn O particles are distributed in the LDPE matrix and FTIR results show that no chemical bonds form between Zn O particles and LDPE matrix. The measurements of the dielectric properties of the hybrid films show that the dielectric constant of the composites reinforces and dielectric loss increases with increasing Zn O weight fraction. Moreover, the thermal properties of the LDPE/Zn O hybrid films are improved and the results of optical properties studied by ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectrometer show that the inclusion of Zn O particles can improve the anti-UV properties of the films. The improvements of the dielectric, optical and thermal properties demonstrate that the hybrid film will be a promising material in the food package and engineering fields.     

Photocatalytic activities of amorphous TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Cr thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering

Chrome-doped titanium oxide films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering method. The films deposited on glass slides at room temperature were investigated by atom force microscope, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the photoluminescence （PL） and ellipse polarization apparatus. The results indicate that TiO2-Cr film exists in the form of amorphous. The prepared films possess a band gap of less than 3.20 eV, and a new absorption peak. The films, irradiated for 5 h under UV light, exhibit excellent photocatalytic activities with the optimum decomposition rate at 98.5% for methylene blue. Consequently, the thickness threshold on these films is 114 nm, at which the rate of photodegradation is 95% in 5 h. When the thickness is over 114 nm, the rate of photodegradation becomes stable. This result is completely different from that of crystalloid TiO2 thin film.     

Preparation of polyimide/LDH nanocomposites and characterization of their properties

Pre-exfoliated organic layered double hydroxides( LDHs) modified with N-Lauroyl-glutamate( LDH-LG) was prepared in the O /W type microemulsion. Then exfoliated polyimide( PI) /LDH nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The high resolution transmission electron microscope showed that the nanoscale organic LDH particles were homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the addition of LDH-LG improved the crystallinity of PI. Mechanical testing showed that the mechanical properties of the PI /LDH nanocomposite films were significantly enhanced by nanoLDH sheets and 0. 5%( wt) of LDH-LG led to improvement of the tensile strength by 32. 5%.     

New anodizing process for magnesium alloys

Compact anodic films with high hardness and good corrosion resistance on magnesium alloys were prepared by a new constant voltage and arc-free anodizing process. The effects of anodizing parameters such as applied voltage and electrolyte temperature on the peak current density and the thickness of films were investigated. In addition, the morphologies and corrosion resistance of films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and potentiodynamic polarization, respectively. The results show that the higher the applied voltage, the higher the peak current density and the thicker the films. However, too high applied voltage may result in breakdown of films and intense sparking which may deteriorate the properties of the anodic films and bring about unsafety. The new anodizing process can be applied in a wide range of temperature. The new anodic films have numbers of pores with the diameter of 0.5 - 5.0 μm which do not transverse the entire film.     

Preparation and properties of Nano-SiO2/TDE-85/BMI/BADCy composites

A new type of the nanometer particles and epoxy/bismaleimide-triazine nanocomposites were prepared using a nanometer silica (nano-SiO2), a 4,5-epoxycyclohexane 1,2-dicarboxylic acid dilycidyl (TDE-85) epoxy resin, a 4,4’-bismaleimidodiphenymethane (BMI) and a bisphenol a dicyanate (BADCy). The properties of nano-SiO2/TDE-85/BMI/BADCy composites, such as mechanical and thermal properties, were systemically investigated in detail by mechanical measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The experimental results showed that the addition of the appropriate amount of nano-SiO2 could improve the impact strength and the flexural strength of the nano-SiO2/TDE-85/BMI/BADCy composites. Simultaneously, the thermal stability of the blends was found to be higher than that of the TDE-85/BMI/BADCy copolymers.     

Production of HfO2 thin films using different methods： chemical bath deposition,SILAR and sol-gel process

Hafnium oxide thin films （HOTFs） were successfully deposited onto amorphous glasses using chemical bath deposition, successive ionic layer absorption and reaction （SILAR）, and sol-gel methods. The same reactive precursors were used for all of the methods, and all of the films were annealed at 300℃ in an oven （ambient conditions）. After this step, the optical and structural properties of the films produced by using the three different methods were compared. The structures of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffTaction （XRD）. The optical properties are investigated using the ultraviolet-visible （UV-VIS） spectroscopic technique. The film thickness was measured via atomic force microscopy （AFM） in the tapping mode. The surface properties and elemental ratios of the films were investigated and measured by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）. The lowest transmittance and the highest reflectance values were observed for the films produced using the SILAR method. In addition, the most intense characteristic XRD peak was observed in the diffraction pattern of the film produced using the SILAR method, and the greatest thickness and average grain size were calculated for the film produced using the SILAR method. The films produced using SILAR method contained fewer cracks than those produced using the other methods. In conclusion, the SILAR method was observed to be the best method for the production of HOTFs.     

Sol-gel derived bioactive hydroxyapatite/titania composite films on Ti6Al4V

The composite films consisting of the titania gel impregnated with hydroxyapatite （HAP） submicron particles were prepared on commercial Ti6A14V plates processed by a sol-gel route. HAP powders were synthesized based on wet chemical precipitation method with Ca（NO3）2.4H2O and （NH4）2HPO4 as starting reagents. After being calcined at 900℃, HAP powders were ultrasonically scattered in ethanol to produce HAP sol. The titania sol was prepared using titanium （IV） isopropoxide {Ti[OCH（CH3）2]4} as precursor. Both the titania sol and the HAP/titania mixture were sequentially spin-coated on the substrates and calcined at various temperatures. The characteristics and mechanical adhesion of the composite films were investigated. The results show that the as-prepared films are dense, homogeneous, well-crystallized, and there is a good interfacial adhesion between the film and the substrate. The in vitro bioactivities of these films were discussed based on the analysis of the variations of Ca and P concentrations in the simulated body fluid and their surface morphologies against immersion time.     

Preparation and electrical properties of BaPbO3 thin film

BaPbO3 thin films were deposited on Al2O3 substrates by sol-gel spin-coating and rapid thermal annealing. The microstructure and phase of BaPbO3 thin films were determined by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electrons microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The influence of annealing temperature and annealing time on sheet resistance of the thin films was investigated. The results show that heat treatment, including annealing temperature and time, causes notable change in molar ratio of Pb to Ba, resulting in the variations of sheet resistance. The variation of electrical properties demonstrates that the surface state of the film changes from two-dimensional behavior to three-dimensional behavior with the increase of film thickness. Crack-free BaPbO3 thin films with grain size of 90 nm can be obtained by a rapid thermal annealing at 700 ℃ for 10 min. And the BaPbO3 films with a thickness of 2.5 μm has a sheet resistance of 35 Ω·-1.     

Microstructure and abrasive wear behaviour of anodizing composite films containing Si C nanoparticles on Ti6Al4V alloy

Anodized composite films containing Si C nanoparticles were synthesized on Ti6Al4 V alloy by anodic oxidation procedure in C4O6H4Na2 electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） were employed to characterize the morphology and composition of the films fabricated in the electrolytes with and without addition of Si C nanoparticles. Results show that Si C particles can be successfully incorporated into the oxide film during the anodizing process and preferentially concentrate within internal cavities and micro-cracks. The ball-on-disk sliding tests indicate that Si C-containing oxide films register much lower wear rate than the oxide films without Si C under dry sliding condition. Si C particles are likely to melt and then are oxidized by frictional heat during sliding tests. Potentiodynamic polarization behavior reveals that the anodized alloy with Si C nanoparticles results in a reduction in passive current density to about 1.54×10-8 A/cm2, which is more than two times lower than that of the Ti O2 film（3.73×10-8 A/cm2）. The synthesized composite film has good anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties and the growth mechanism of nanocomposite film is also discussed.     

Preparation of TiO2 Thin Film and Its Antibacterial Activity

TiO2 nanometer thin films with photocatalytic antibacterial activity were prepared by the sol-gel method on fused quartz and soda lime glass precoated with a SiO2 layer. The thin films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X- ray diffraction ( XRD ). The results show that sodium and calcium diffusion into nascent TiO2 film is effectively retarded by the SiO2 layer precoated on the soda lime glass, The antibacterial activity of the films was determined. The crystalline of TiO2 nanometer thin film has important effects on the antibacterial activity of the film.     

Fabrication and properties of degradable PPC/EVOH/starch/CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> composites

Thermally stable and biodegradable composites from poly （propylene carbonate） （PPC）, poly （ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol） （EVOH）, starch and CaCO3 were fabricated by melt blending. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, differential thermal analysis/thermal gravimetric analysis （DTA/TGA）, tensile test and scanning electron microscope （SEM） were performed to investigate the miscibility, thermal behavior and tensile properties of the PPC/EVOH/Starch/CaCO3 composites. DSC results indicate that the introduction of EVOH could improve the compatibility between PPC and starch to some extent because of the interfacial interaction between PPC and EVOH, leading to an increase in tensile strength. The tensile strength began to decrease when more starch was added due to the aggregation of starch particles. SEM examination showed the good interracial bonding between the fillers and polymeric components. The incorporation of both EVOH and fillers can greatly increase the thermal stability of PPC matrix. The PPC/EVOH/Starch/CaCO3 composites can be melt processed and can be used as a common biodegradable material for a wide application.     

Effects of Different Titanium Sub-oxide on the Properties of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Prepared by E-beam Evaporation Deposition with Ion Auxiliary

TiO2 thin films were prepared with Ti2O3, Ti3O5 and TiO2 as raw materials, by electron-beam evaporation deposition, using O^2- ion beam （ O2 purity up to 99.99% ） as auxiliary means. The crystal structures of the samples were inspected by the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method, and the evaporation character of warious raw materials was analyzed. Transmittance spectra were measured through a U-3310 spectrophotometer （ wavelength ranging from 200 nm to 900 nm）. The refractive index n and the thickness of films were determined from transmission spectra. The experimental results show that the thin films taking Ti2O3 as their raw material have a strong absorption, when taking Ti3O5 and TiO2 as raw materials, the thin films would have good optical properties. The experiments also show that, the crystal structure of all thin films is amorphous before post-annealing and the Ti3O5 is a congruent evaporation phase in the Ti-O system.