卵形鲳鲹贮藏过程中品质变化动力学模型

研究不同温度贮藏条件下卵形鲳鲹挥发性盐基氮值(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)和菌落总数随时间的变化规律及其动力学特性,建立TVB-N、TBA 和菌落总数与贮藏温度和贮藏时间的动力学模型,以预测和控制卵形鲳鲹在贮藏过程中的品质和货架期。贮藏过程中卵形鲳鲹的TVB-N、TBA 和菌落总数增加,随着贮藏温度的升高,卵形鲳鲹品质劣化速度加快。TVB-N、TBA 和菌落总数均符合一级化学反应动力学模型,并且与Arrhenius方程有很高的拟合度。利用化学动力学原理建立了卵形鲳鲹贮藏过程中TVB-N、TBA 和菌落总数的动力学模型：t= (lnAt － lnA0)/(1.68 × 109 × e-56600/RT),t= (lnAt － lnA0)/(3.10 × 108 × e-52090/RT),t= (lnAt － lnA0)/(1.87 × 108 × e-47550/RT)。卵形鲳鲹的贮藏期可通过以上动力学模型进行预测。     

采用挥发性盐基氮动力学模型预测低盐虾酱的货架寿命

本文采用挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)为低盐虾酱的品质变化和货架寿命的指示指标,根据感官评定结果和SB/T 10525-2009,确定TVB-N值4.50 mg/g为货架寿命终点。建立TVB-N与贮藏时间(t)之间的一级动力学方程和TVB-N变化速率常数(k)与贮藏温度(T)之间的Arrhenius方程,以预测在某一贮藏温度下低盐虾酱的货架寿命理论值。求得Arrhenius方程中TVB-N变化反应的活化能Ea为63.69 kJ/moL,指前因子k0为2.76×109,TVB-N的变化速率常数k为2.76×109e-63690/RT。分别在15℃、30℃和37℃条件下验证动力学模型的准确性,得到货架寿命预测值与实际值的相对误差分别为9.79%、7.00%和-6.54%。进一步通过Arrhenius方程外推法求得低盐虾酱在23℃和27℃条件下保藏的理论货架寿命分别为155.8 d和107.2 d,预测结果与实际值之间能较好地符合。     

基于三甲胺/氧化三甲胺摩尔比值动力学模型预测柴鱼粉的货架期

研究采用三甲胺/氧化三甲胺摩尔比值(TMA/TMAO摩尔比值)为柴鱼粉的品质变化和货架寿命的指示指标,根据感官评定结果,确定TMA/TMAO摩尔比值0.4064为货架寿命终点。建立TMA/TMAO摩尔比值与贮藏时间(t)之间的一级动力学方程以及TMA/TMAO摩尔比值变化速率常数(k)与贮藏温度(T)之间的Arrhenius方程,以预测在某一贮藏温度下柴鱼粉的货架寿命理论值。结果表明Arrhenius方程中TMA/TMAO摩尔比值变化反映的活化能Ea为2.5kJ/mol,指前因子k0为15.88。柴鱼粉的TMA/TMAO摩尔比值的货架期预测模型:SL=ln(A/A0)/15.88·exp(-2.5×103/RT)。     

动力学模型预测速冻饺子货架寿命

研究不同温度下贮藏过程中速冻饺子的感官性质、酸价、过氧化值随贮藏时间的变化规律,确定酸价和过氧化值是引起速冻饺子在贮藏过程中品质变化的重要表征.并建立酸价、过氧化值与贮藏时间、贮藏温度之间的动力学模型,以预测速冻饺子在贮藏过程中的品质变化和货架期.结果表明,一级化学反应动力学模型对酸价、过氧化值变化具有较高的拟合精度(R2＞0.9),酸价和过氧化值变化的动力学模型分别为A=0.32e(1.284 0×106e-38.74×103/RT-0.001 1)t和A=0.62e4.236 5×105e-35.84×103/RTt.     

动力学模型预测即食南美白对虾货架寿命

研究采用挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)为即食南美白对虾的品质变化和货架寿命的指示指标,根据感官评定结果,确定TVB-N 值16.0mg/100g 为货架寿命终点。建立TVB-N 与贮藏时间(t)之间的一级动力学方程以及TVB-N 变化速率常数(k)与贮藏温度(T)之间的Arrhenius 方程,以预测在某一贮藏温度下即食南美白对虾的货架寿命理论值。求得Arrhenius 方程中TVB-N 变化反应的活化能Ea 为66.24kJ/mol,指前因子k0 为8.41 × 109。分别在15、37、42℃条件下下验证动力学模型的准确性,得到货架寿命预测值相比实际值的相对误差分别为10.45%、－ 4.72%、－ 0.87%。进一步通过Arrhenius 方程外推法求得真空包装的即食南美白对虾在20℃和25℃条件下下保藏的理论货架寿命分别为151.8d 和96.5d。     

泥螺贮藏过程中品质变化的动力学研究

以菌落总数为研究对象,研究了泥螺不同温度条件下贮藏的品质变化情况,并探讨其变化规律.结果表明,菌落总数变化遵循一级反应动力学规律,建立了菌落总数变化的动力学模型为N=NoeKJ,阿伦尼鸟斯方程kn=0.1594e-5728.62/RT.此动力学模型可以对不同温度贮藏条件下的菌落总数进行预测,为研究泥螺品质变化和产品质量控制打下理论基础,以期供企业参考.     

醉泥螺贮藏过程中品质变化的动力学模型研究

为预测和全面监控醉泥螺产品贮藏过程中的品质变化,并对其生产、销售和贮藏进行理论指导,以挥发性盐基氮(T-VBN)及菌落总数这两个重要的质量指标为研究时象,测定其不同贮藏时间和温度下的变化规律,并以一级化学反应方程和阿仑尼乌斯方程等理论为基础,建立醉泥螺品质变化的动力学模型.试验结果表明:醉泥螺的细菌总数和挥发性盐基氮值随着贮藏时间、贮藏温度的延长而增加;细菌总数和挥发性盐基氮随时间和温度变化的回归方程的回归系数均大于0.95.说明该回归方程具有较高的拟合精度.建立的动力学方程中微生物生长活化能(En)为52.49KJ/mol,微生物生长速率常数(kn)为2.08×108e-52488/RT;挥发性盐基氮活化能(Et)为52.94KJ/mol,挥发性盐基氮速率常数(kt)为6.06×107e-52935/RT.经验证,在温度O～25℃范围内,所建数学模型能较好地反映泥螺贮藏期间的品质变化过程.     

泥螺贮藏过程中品质变化的动力学研究

以菌落总数为研究对象,研究了泥螺不同温度条件下贮藏的品质变化情况,并探讨其变化规律。结果表明,菌落总数变化遵循一级反应动力学规律,建立了菌落总数变化的动力学模型为N=N0eKnt,阿伦尼乌斯方程kn=0·1594e-5728·62/RT。此动力学模型可以对不同温度贮藏条件下的菌落总数进行预测,为研究泥螺品质变化和产品质量控制打下理论基础,以期供企业参考。      

扇贝裙边香肠货架期的预测

本文研究了扇贝裙边香肠在不同温度下贮藏的货架期,测定了贮藏期间香肠的pH、感官评分、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)和菌落总数的变化。结果表明pH和感官评分随着贮藏时间的延长而不断下降,贮藏温度越高,其变化速率越大;TVB-N值随着贮藏时间的延长不断增加,随着贮藏温度升高,变化趋势越明显;菌落总数随着时间的延长不断增加,温度越高变化越快,符合一级化学反应动力学模型。本研究建立了扇贝裙边香肠菌落总数动力学模型,分析得到Arrhenius方程和一级化学反应动力学方程相关系数均0.9,具有较高的拟合度。经验证货架期预测值与实测值之间的相对误差在5%以内,因此可根据菌落总数值对扇贝裙边香肠货架寿命进行预测。本研究通过货架期加速试验在短期内预测出了扇贝裙边香肠的货架期。     

山核桃基于温度变化的贮藏寿命预测

研究不同温度(2、12、22、32℃)贮藏过程中山核桃过氧化值、酸价及感官品质随贮存时间的变化规律及其动力学特性,在Arrhenius 动力学方程基础上,建立过氧化值和酸价与贮藏时间、贮藏温度之间的动力学模型,以预测和控制贮藏过程中山核桃的品质变化。结果表明,新鲜山核桃的过氧化值和酸价随着贮藏时间的延 长而增加,且随着贮藏温度的升高而增加迅速,其感官品质指标随着贮藏时间的延长而下降,且随着贮藏温度的升高而迅速下降。一级化学反应模型和Arrhenius 方程对过氧化值和酸价变化具有很高的拟合精度,建立的山核桃货架期预测值准确率达到± 10% 以内,可根据过氧化值、酸价在2～32℃范围内,对山核桃的氧化货架寿命进行预测。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press