巧克力风味牛奶的研制与开发

通过选用巧克力香精替代巧克力,以鲜牛奶为主要原料,选用L9(33)正交表,通过正交实验筛选最佳配方。结果表明,鲜牛奶85.0%,复合稳定剂0.16%,巧克力香精0.07%,食用色素0.106%,AK糖0.02%,可可粉0.4%,白砂糖2.0%(均为质量分数,下同)。产品经分析检测符合国家质量卫生标准,口感细腻,巧克力风味浓郁,奶香突出,色泽诱人,是一种很有发展前途的风味牛奶。     

抹茶风味牛奶布丁的研制

本文主要描述选用鲜牛奶、白砂糖、抹茶粉、变性淀粉、稀奶油、明胶、琼脂、抹茶香精等为主要原料,开发出的一种新型抹茶风味牛奶布丁。通过正交实验,研究不同稳定剂和主要风味原料配比,对抹茶风味牛奶布丁的质构特性及风味的影响。结果表明:在白砂糖添加量6%,稀奶油添加量6%,变性淀粉添加量3%,鸡蛋黄粉添加量0.1%,抹茶粉添加量0.3%,明胶添加量0.5%,琼脂添加量0.2%,单甘脂添加量0.1%,抹茶香精添加量0.06%,鲜牛奶添加量80%的条件下,所制得的抹茶风味牛奶布丁达到最佳质构和风味,产品色泽均匀,口感润滑弹嫩,稳定性好。     

巧克力风味奶茶的研制

选用纯牛奶、红茶、板栗壳棕色素和巧克力香精为主要原料,开发出一种新型巧克力风味奶茶。采用正交实验的方法,优化了巧克力风味奶茶的工艺配方以及复配稳定剂。结果表明,在纯牛奶添加量为40%,茶汁添加量35%,板栗壳棕色素添加量1%,巧克力香精添加量0.07%,羧甲基纤维素钠添加量0.05%,蔗糖酯添加量0.07%(均为质量分数),卡拉胶添加量0.06%的条件下,所制得巧克力风味奶茶色泽均匀、香味协调、口感圆润、稳定性好。     

血红素铁在强化牛乳中的应用研究

经正交实验后应用模糊数学评价法探究了血红素铁强化牛奶的最佳配方,结果表明血红素铁能够很好地保持牛奶的原有性质,稳定性较好,以巧克力香精作为铁强化牛奶的香味物质,很好地避免了因添加血红素铁而引起的牛奶本身颜色改变的问题。血红素铁强化牛奶的最佳配方是每100mL牛奶中添加白砂糖8g、稳定剂0.1g、血红素铁3mg,巧克力香精适量。     

辨别纯牛奶与含乳饮料

市场上的牛奶饮品形形色色,光从名称上看就有纯牛奶、纯鲜牛奶、鲜牛奶、酸奶、风味牛奶、含乳饮料等。真实这些牛奶饮品根据配料不同,可分为纯牛奶和含乳饮料两种。 纯牛奶也叫鲜牛奶、纯鲜牛奶,从产品的配料表上,可以看到这种产品的配制只有一种,即鲜牛奶。鉴别纯牛奶的好坏,主要有两个指标：总干物质（也叫全乳固体）和蛋白质。这两个指标的含量在产品的包装袋上一般都有说明,它们的含量越高,牛奶的营养价 值就越高,一般来说,价格相对也 会较高。此外深受消费者欢迎的酸 奶是用纯牛奶发酵制成的,因此酸 奶也属纯牛奶。 会乳恢…     

辨别纯牛奶与含乳饮料

市场上的牛奶饮品形形色色 ,光从名称上看就有纯牛奶、纯鲜牛奶、鲜牛奶、酸奶、风味牛奶、含乳饮料等。其实这些牛奶饮品根据配料不同 ,可分为纯牛奶和含乳饮料两种。纯牛奶也叫鲜牛奶、纯鲜牛奶 ,从产品的配料表上 ,可以看到这种产品的配料只有一种 ,即鲜牛奶。鉴别纯牛奶的好坏 ,主要有两个指标 :总干物质 (也叫全乳固体 )和蛋白质。这两个指标的含量在产品的包装袋上一般都有说明 ,它们的含量越高 ,牛奶的营养价值就越高 ,一般来说 ,价格相对也会较高。此外深受消费者欢迎的酸奶是用纯牛奶发酵制成的 ,因此酸奶也属纯牛奶。含乳饮料允许…     

复原奶:莫把李鬼当李魁

随着人们生活水平的提高和乳与乳制品工业的飞速发展，市场上液体乳的品种越来越多如何选择它们却有着很多学问在里面。值得注意的是专家通过市场调查发现：个别乳制品生产企业为了迎合部分消费者追求所谓的“香”，而在纯鲜牛奶里面添加了某种奶油香精，对牛奶进行调香，这种杀菌乳或     

酶法制备天然牛奶香精的工艺条件与应用研究

奶油酶解增香的研究主要是以奶油或无水奶油为原料,利用不同来源的脂肪酶对乳脂肪进行适当酶解,通过控制酶解程度得到具有不同香气特征的酶解产物。本文在奶油酶解工艺单因素研究与特征风味组分研究的基础上,对酶解奶油产物进行风味修饰得到自制天然牛奶香精,并对其与市售商品天然牛奶香精、合成牛奶香精样品在复原乳中的感官品质进行比较评定。研究结果表明添加相同比例的商品天然牛奶香精和自制天然牛奶香精的脱脂复原乳样品的感官评定结果没有差异,即自制天然牛奶香精与商品天然牛奶香精在脱脂复原乳中的感官品质基本相同。此外,感官评价结果还表明添加有合成牛奶香精的复原乳样品中奶香味过于冲鼻且留香持久性较差,感官品质相对一般。     

普洱茶风味酸乳制作工艺的研究

以生牛乳为原料,探讨了普洱茶风味酸乳的制备工艺。通过正交试验研究了普洱茶风味酸乳工艺配方及稳定剂的复配方案。结果表明:普洱茶风味酸乳最优配方为普洱茶0.8%、牛奶浓缩蛋白粉0.4%、白砂糖8.0%、红茶香精0.04%,该配方组合可获得口感良好,酸甜适口、风味优良的普洱茶风味酸乳。普洱茶风味酸乳最佳稳定剂组合为乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯0.4%、明胶0.15%、琼脂0.1%。在该稳定体系条件下,能够提供产品饱满细腻的口感,并保障产品在货架期良好的感官品质。     

莲藕风味酸乳饮料的研制

以新鲜莲藕汁和鲜牛奶为主要原料,采用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌（1∶1）发酵鲜牛奶的工艺,研制出一种风味独特兼具营养与保健作用的莲藕酸奶。通过L（934）正交试验优化了发酵工艺参数,即藕汁酶解时间为30min、蔗糖用量3%、莲藕水解液与牛奶配比为1∶5（w/w）、发酵时间10h;制成的莲藕酸奶香气浓郁,具有较高的营养和保健价值。     

EFFECTS OF CONCHING TIME AND INGREDIENTS ON PREFERENCE OF MILK CHOCOLATE

The objective of this study is to determine how the conching time and the quantity of sucrose, lecithin, cocoa butter and whole milk powder affect consumer preference for milk chocolate. Untrained panelists performed a sensory study consisting of acceptability, preference and attribute intensity. Longer conching time produced significantly smoother chocolate with smaller particle size. The longest conche times had the smallest particle size and were the most mouthcoating. There was no change in flavor with conching. The longer conche times were preferred. Panelists preferred higher sucrose levels, and increasing sucrose decreased bitterness and increased chocolate flavor. Increasing lecithin increased smoothness, but less lecithin was preferred, possibly due to off-flavors at high levels of lecithin. Increasing cocoa butter yielded softer chocolate but did not affect bitterness. Panelists preferred 10% over higher levels of cocoa butter. More milk powder produced smoother chocolate with more caramel flavor and was preferred.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The perceived quality of milk chocolate is affected by conching time, sucrose, lecithin, cocoa butter and whole milk powder. Texture was affected the most by conching, milk powder, lecithin and cocoa butter. Flavor was affected the most by milk powder and sugar. The only variable that did not affect acceptability and preference of milk chocolate was time for underconched samples. While this study did not determine the optimum conditions for milk chocolate, the most preferred and/or acceptable samples were conched for at least 12 h, had 35 to 50% sucrose, 0–0.5% lecithin, 5–10% cocoa butter and 13–30% milk powder.     

Minimizing the Negative Flavor Attributes and Evaluating Consumer Acceptance of Chocolate Fortified with Peanut Skin Extracts

In recent years, there has been increased interest in antioxidant‐rich products by consumers wanting to enhance the health benefits of their diet. Chocolate has been identified as a natural source of antioxidant compounds, which resulted in the development of polyphenol‐enriched chocolate products that are now available commercially. This study investigated the use of phenolic compounds extracted from peanut skins as a novel antioxidant source for the enrichment of milk chocolate. The extracts were encapsulated with maltodextrin to lessen their bitterness. Antioxidant potential of the encapsulated peanut skin extracts was evaluated by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazl radical quenching assay. Encapsulated peanut skins were found to have a corrected Trolox equivalency of 31.1 μmol/g of chocolate up to 0.8% (w/w). To produce a product with an antioxidant content similar to that of dark chocolate yet which maintained the milder flavor of milk chocolate, the best estimate threshold of encapsulated peanut skin extract in chocolate was 0.9 % (w/w) based on the standard method (American Society of Testing Materials; ASTM E‐679). Consumer liking of milk chocolate enhanced by adding subthreshold (0.8 % (w/w)) inclusion levels of encapsulated peanut skin extract was found to be at parity with milk chocolate as a control.     

Children's perceptions of fluid milk with varying levels of milkfat

Schools participating in federal meal programs are limited to serving skim or low-fat (≤1%) flavored and unflavored milk. Few studies have directly addressed child perceptions and preferences for milk containing different amounts of milkfat. The objective of this study was to determine whether children can differentiate between flavored and unflavored fluid milk containing varying levels of milkfat and whether preferences for certain levels of milkfat exist. Flavored and unflavored milks containing 4 different percentages of milkfat (≤0.5, 1, 2, and 3.25%) were high-temperature, short-time processed, filled into half-gallon light-shielded milk jugs, and stored at 4°C in the dark. Milks were evaluated by children (ages 8–13 yr) following 7 d at 4°C. Acceptance testing and tetrad difference testing were conducted on flavored and unflavored milks with and without visual cues to determine if differences were driven by visual or flavor or mouthfeel cues. Child acceptance testing (n = 138 unflavored; n = 123 flavored) was conducted to evaluate liking and perception of selected attributes. Tetrad testing (n = 127 unflavored; n = 129 flavored) was conducted to determine if children could differentiate between different fat levels even in the absence of a difference in acceptance. The experiment was replicated twice. When visual cues were present, children had higher overall liking for 1% and 2% milks than skim for unflavored milk and higher liking for chocolate milks containing at least 1% milk fat than for skim. Differences in liking were driven by appearance, viscosity, and flavor. In the absence of visual cues, no differences were observed in liking or flavor or mouthfeel attributes for unflavored milk but higher liking for at least 1% milk fat in chocolate milk compared with skim was consistent with the presence of visual cues. From tetrad testing, children could visually tell a difference between all unflavored pairs except 2% versus whole milk and could not detect consistent differences between milkfat pairs in the absence of visual cues. For chocolate milk, children could tell a difference between all milk fat pairs with visual cues and could tell a difference between skim versus 2% and skim versus whole milk without visual cues. These results demonstrate that in the absence of package-related flavors, school-age children like unflavored skim milk as well as milk with higher fat content in the absence of visual cues. In contrast, appearance as well as flavor and mouthfeel attributes play a role in children's liking as well as their ability to discriminate between chocolate milks containing different amounts of fat, with chocolate milk containing at least 1% fat preferred. The sensory quality of school lunch milk is vital to child preference, and processing efforts are needed to maximize school milk sensory quality.     

Light-Oxidized Flavor Development and Vitamin A Degradation in Chocolate Milk

Samples of several chocolate milk formulations were exposed to light to determine if the components masked and/or prevented light-oxidized flavors or prevented photodegradation of vitamin A. Chocolate flavor added either before or after light exposure masked light-oxidized flavor (p<0.05). Neither carrageenan nor chocolate color prevented development of light-oxidized flavor. Vitamin A degradation was reduced by the addition of carrageenan alone or in combination with chocolate dairy powder (chocolate flavor and color), chocolate color or chocolate flavor (p<0.05).     

Rejection Thresholds in Chocolate Milk: Evidence for Segmentation

Bitterness is generally considered a negative attribute in food, yet many individuals enjoy some bitterness in products like coffee or chocolate. In chocolate, bitterness arises from naturally occurring alkaloids and phenolics found in cacao. Fermentation and roasting help develop typical chocolate flavor and reduce the intense bitterness of raw cacao by modifying these bitter compounds. As it becomes increasingly common to fortify chocolate with `raw' cacao to increase the amount of healthful phytonutrients, it is important to identify the point at which the concentration of bitter compounds becomes objectionable, even to those who enjoy some bitterness. Classical threshold methods focus on the presence or absence of a sensation rather than acceptability or hedonics. A new alternative, the rejection threshold, was recently described in the literature. Here, we sought to quantify and compare differences in Rejection Thresholds (RjT) and Detection Thresholds (DT) in chocolate milk spiked with a food safe bitterant (sucrose octaacetate). In experiment 1, a series of paired preference tests was used to estimate the RjT for bitterness in chocolate milk. In a new group of participants (experiment 2), we determined the RjT and DT using the forced choice ascending method of limits. In both studies, participants were segmented on the basis of self-declared preference for milk or dark solid chocolate. Based on sigmoid fits of the indifference-preference function, the RjT was ~2.3 times higher for those preferring dark chocolate than the RjT for those preferring milk chocolate in both experiments. In contrast, the DT for both groups was functionally identical, suggesting that differential effects of bitterness on liking of chocolate products are not based on the ability to detect bitterness in these products.     

Soyabilities~(TM)-为您的大豆食品增香添味

<正> 不论是对传统食品还是新开发的产品,当代消费者都追求新的感受。传统大豆食品的豆腥味阻碍了西方消费者对大豆食品的消费。如今,大豆食品的保健作用已经使大豆蛋白和其他大豆制品的供应商在大豆的加工技术上突飞猛进,制备的原味大豆饮料和一系列其他代乳制品     

Influence of packaging information on consumer liking of chocolate milk

Chocolate milk varies widely in flavor, color, and viscosity, and liking is influenced by these properties. Additionally, package labels (declared fat content) and brand are some of the extrinsic factors that may influence consumer perception. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of packaging labels and brand name on consumer liking and purchase intent of chocolate milk. A consumer acceptance test, conjoint analysis survey, and Kano analysis were conducted. One hundred eight consumers evaluated 7 chocolate milks with and without brand or package information in a 2-d crossover design. A conjoint analysis survey and Kano analysis were conducted after the consumer acceptance test. Results were evaluated by 2-way ANOVA and multivariate analyses. Declared fat content and brand influenced overall liking and purchase intent for chocolate milks to differing degrees. A subsequent conjoint analysis (n = 250) revealed that fat content was a driver of choice for purchasing chocolate milk followed by sugar content and brand. Brand name was less important for purchase intent of chocolate milk than fat or sugar content. Among fat content of chocolate milk, 2 and 1% fat level were most appealing to consumers, and reduced sugar and regular sugar were equally important for purchase intent. Kano analysis confirmed that fat content (whole milk, 1, or 2% fat chocolate milk) was an attractive attribute for consumer satisfaction, more so than brand. Organic labeling did not affect the purchase decision of chocolate milk; however, Kano results revealed that having an organic label on a package positively influenced consumer satisfaction. Findings from this study can help chocolate milk producers as well as food marketers better target their product labels with attributes that drive consumer choice of chocolate milk.