三氯生与三氯卡班的研究现状与展望

随着人们对TCS和TCC认识的深入,研究者发现TCS和TCC在具有高效广谱抗菌效果之外,还具有很强的生物毒性。从TCS和TCC的污染来源、环境残留及存在生物毒性等方面进行了阐述,并提出加强在TCS和TCC在不同环境介质中存在的生态风险与人体健风险评估研究,以期后续实施TCS和TCC对水产品和农产品的风险评估和污染管理提供科学依据。     

杀菌剂TCC作为牙膏防腐剂的实验研究

分析了在生产中引起牙膏产品微生物超标的一些因素，介绍了杀茵荆TCC的特性，通过试验证明了TCC在牙膏中的抑茵效果。     

新型阻燃剂TCC问世

三(2,3-二氯丙基)异三聚氰酸酯(简称TCC)是一种带三嗪环结构的添加型含氯氮阻燃剂,其结构式如下: TCC具有优良的阻燃性能、极低的挥发性、良好的相容性和热稳定性,以及耐光、耐水和无毒等特点。本品国内尚未见有关TCC研     

杀菌剂三氯卡班对小鼠Sertoli细胞生长状态的影响研究

为分析杀菌剂三氯卡班TCC对哺乳动物生殖毒性的产生机制,体外培养小鼠睾丸Sertoli细胞TM4细胞系并给予TCC染毒,然后分析其增殖能力及抗氧化状态。结果显示,TCC可抑制TM4细胞的增殖,其72 h-IC50值为517.82μm/L。染毒剂量达500μm/L后,细胞普遍出现圆缩、死亡等形态学变化,并检测到总抗氧化能力下降及MDA和H2O_2蓄积。这显示TCC能直接损伤小鼠睾丸支持细胞,影响其增殖能力以及抗氧化状态。     

TCC在洗涤用品和化妆品中的应用

TCC杀菌剂具有高效、安全、无毒、无刺激、无污染的特性,广泛应用于洗涤用品和化妆品中.举例叙述TCC在洗涤用品和化妆品中添加后,能杀菌、除臭、去粉刺、止痒去头屑和治疗皮肤病的功效.     

Ca0.5Sr0.5Zr4P6O24/堇青石复相陶瓷的抗热震性

采用热压烧结工艺制备了Ca05Sr05Zr4P6O24/堇青石复相陶瓷材料,研究了Ca05Sr05Zr4P6O24/堇青石复相陶瓷材料在900℃时抗热震性能和热震压缩断裂后的断口形貌.研究结果表明,堇青石掺杂量分别为5％、10％、15％的Ca0.5Sr0.5Zr4P6O24/堇青石复相陶瓷在900℃热震时,临界热震次数Tc分别为TCC1=9,TCC2=10,TCC3=7;热震后复相陶瓷的断口为明显的脆性断裂断口,裂纹的扩展和延伸主要是沿着Ca05Sr05Zr4P6O24/堇青石的界面不断发生,属典型的沿结合面发生的断裂.     

基于分子内电荷转移机制的巯基荧光比色化学传感器

设计并合成了以香豆素为荧光发色团的多氰基分子化合物TCC。分子内强烈的电荷转移效应使得其本身荧光较弱。巯基化合物如半胱氨酸(Cys)、高半胱氨酸(Hcy)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的加入能与TCC中的三氰基乙烯基进行加成反应从而破坏分子内电荷转移,使分子内电荷转移吸收峰消失,颜色由紫色变成黄绿色,最大吸收波长由560 nm移至380 nm。并且化合物的荧光也随着巯基化合物的加入逐渐增强,荧光的强度与巯基化合物的浓度有很好的线性关系,检测限可以达到10~(-5)mol/L。其它离子与不含巯基的氨基酸则不会与化合物TCC发生上述反应,也就不会对体系的吸收和荧光光谱产生明显的影响,从而实现高效、专一的识别巯基化合物。     

功能材料在水环境介质中对三氯生和三氯卡班污染物治理及应用

随着药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)的广泛使用,三氯生(TCS)和三氯卡班(TCC)作为新兴的外源性化学污染物在环境中频繁被检出,它们在环境介质中的污染治理具有重要意义。本文针对TCS和TCC两种代表性污染物,探讨功能材料在水环境中的分离富集及应用,从而实现环境污染治理,进一步确保水环境质量安全。     

萜烯基环碳酸酯及其非异氰酸酯聚氨酯的制备与性能研究（摘要）

以萜烯基环氧树脂（TME）为原料，与CO2反应合成萜烯基环碳酸酯（TCC），TCC分别与乙二胺、1，6-己二胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺及异佛尔酮二胺反应制备线性非异氰酸酯聚氨酯（NIPU），并以环氧树脂E-51改性制备杂化非异氰酸酯聚氨酯（HNIPU）。研究了萜烯基环碳酸酯与胺基化合物的交联反应活性、反应动力学特征以及环氧树脂改性对NIPU交联反应的影响，探讨了NIPU及HNIPU聚合物材料的形成过程与机理。相关为萜烯基NIPU替代传统PU应用于环境友好涂料领域提供良好的理论基础。     

静电纺丝抗菌聚氨酯纳米纤维的结构与性能

在聚氨酯/四氢呋喃-N,-二甲基甲酰胺(PU/THF-DMF)溶液中分别添加质量分数为5%的TiO_2-Ag,HM-98,三氯均二苯胺(TCC),4-氯-3,5-二甲基苯酚(PCMX),2,4,4'-三氯-2'-羟基二苯酚(DP 300),ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PLYS)抗菌剂通过静电纺丝技术制备了PU抗菌纳米纤维,并对其性能和结构进行了研究。结果表明:含ε-PLYS,HM-98,TiO_2-Ag,DP300抗菌剂的抗菌PU纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌效果较为优良,抗菌率均达到了99.9%以上,TCC、PCMX抗菌剂的抗菌效果较差;添加HM-98抗菌剂降低了纺丝溶液的可纺性,但纤维直径有所下降;抗菌剂在PU中的分散性好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.