乙烯三聚制己烯-1催化剂的反应行为和动力学

采用微机采集数据的搅拌釜反应器对实验室自制的催化剂进行了反应行为和动力学研究。讨论了催化剂加入量、反应温度和压力对催化剂活性的影响。当催化剂加入量在 0 .5～ 2ml时 ,最大反应速率与催化剂加入量呈一级动力学关系 ;反应压力为 4.0～ 6 .0MPa时 ,最大反应速率与乙烯压力呈三级动力学关系 ,并据此求出反应温度为 95～ 130℃时催化剂上乙烯三聚反应的表观活化能     

乙烯三聚制已烯—1催化剂的反应行为和动力学

采用微机采集数据的搅拌釜反应器对实验室自制的催化剂进行了反应行为和动力学研究。讨论了催化剂加入量、反应温度和压力对催化剂活性的影响。当催化剂加入量在0.5～2ml时,最大反应速率与催化剂加入量呈一级动力学关系;反应压力为4.0～6.0MPa时,最大反应速率与乙烯压力呈三级动力学关系,并据此求出反应温度为95～130℃时催化剂上乙烯三聚反应的表现活化能。     

邻硝基对叔丁基苯酚催化加氢研究

考察了催化剂及其加入量、溶剂及其加入量、反应温度、反应压力对邻硝基对叔丁基苯酚加氢反应的影响。适宜的条件为：催化剂：采用浸渍法制备的自制样,加入量0．10～015g,溶剂：乙醇和正丁醇,优选正丁醇,加入量50mL,反应温度90℃,反应压力0．10MPa。     

球形MgCl2载体催化剂催化乙烯聚合

考察了球形MgCl2载体催化剂在乙烯聚合过程中的催化性能和动力学行为,分析了聚合过程的传热、传质和温度、聚合压力对催化剂行为的影响。聚合温度在30～80℃和乙烯压力在0．12～0．72MPa时,随着温度和压力的提高,聚合活性增加,聚合物堆密度由0．27g/cm^3降低至0．22g/cm^3。     

三种铬系催化剂的聚合性能及其动力学行为

考察了三种铬系催化剂的聚合行为，研究了反应温度、反应压力对催化剂聚合性能的影响，并对其聚合动力学进行了研究；在优化的反应温度和反应压力下，研究了三种催化剂随反应时间的变化规律。结果表明：随着反应温度升高，聚乙烯黏均分子量降低，熔体流动速率增大；随着反应压力增大，聚乙烯黏均分子量增大，熔体流动速率降低；催化剂在10～25 min时达到最大聚合反应速率，随着反应时间的延长，聚合反应速率缓慢衰减。     

新型表面活性剂烷基糖苷的合成试验

以葡萄糖、月桂醇为原料,采用直接合成法进行月桂基葡萄糖苷的合成试验,探讨了反应温度、压力、催化剂用量(剂糖比)、原料配比(月桂醇与葡萄糖摩尔比)对反应速率及产品质量的影响。结果表明,温度及催化剂用量对反应速率的影响符合向下弯曲的抛物线,其最佳操作温度为120℃,最佳剂糖质量比为0．008：1;提高反应真空度,可提高合成反应速率,但当操作压力降到4KPa以下时,继续降低操作压力,对提高反应速度贡献很小;提高醇糖摩尔比,反应速率逐渐增大,当醇糖比达到5～6：1时,反应速率达到最大,而后随着月桂醇量的进一步增加,反应速率反而有下降的趋势。     

1,1,1,3-四氯丙烷合成的反应动力学

研究了以四氯化碳和乙烯为原料合成1,1,1,3-四氟丙烷的调聚反应动力学.考察了以烷基磷酸酯、氯化铁、铁粉为催化剂时,催化剂浓度,压力、温度对反应的影响,结果表明该反应在1.0 MPa、100～115℃下为一级反应,表观活化能为59.6 kJlmol,对四氯化碳消耗速率的动力学方程为:-rA=6.566 x107exp(-5.96x104/RT)CAo(1-XA).     

Cr(acac)_3/Ph_2PN(~tBu)PPh_2/MAO催化乙烯高选择性齐聚的动力学研究

对乙酰丙酮铬[Cr(acac)_3]/二-(二苯基膦)叔丁胺[Ph_2PN(~tBu)PPh_2]/甲基铝氧烷(MAO)催化体系高选择性催化乙烯齐聚生成1-己烯/1-辛烯的动力学进行了研究。系统考察了催化剂浓度、乙烯压力和反应温度对反应活性及产物选择性的影响,并采用Aspen Plus软件建模计算乙烯在液相中的溶解度,对该体系进行了动力学模拟。结果表明:催化剂浓度对反应活性及选择性影响不大,最优的反应压力是3.5 MPa,最优的反应温度是45℃;该乙烯齐聚反应体系对催化剂浓度的反应级数是1.16,对乙烯浓度的反应级数是1.74;当温度为30~45℃,压力为2.0~3.5 MPa时,该反应的表观活化能为73.7 k J/mol。     

铬/钒双金属催化剂催化乙烯气相聚合

在实验室小试气相聚合釜中对铬/钒双金属催化剂进行乙烯聚合评价,考察了不同聚合温度和压力时催化剂的性能,研究了不同条件下催化剂的动力学行为,并将其聚合动力学曲线与用工业铬系催化剂的进行了比较。结果表明:随着聚合温度升高,用铬/钒双金属催化剂制备的聚乙烯的相对分子质量减小,熔体流动速率增大,在所研究聚合温度范围内铬/钒双金属催化剂对温度更敏感;随着聚合压力增大,催化剂活性显著提高,聚乙烯相对分子质量增加;聚合动力学曲线与铬系催化剂不同,聚合反应速率先增大再降低最后逐渐达到平稳。     

复合载体负载型催化剂制备UHMWPE动力学行为

研究了采用氯化镁和硅胶复合载体负载Mg-Ti型催化剂催化乙烯聚合的性能和动力学行为,考察了聚合温度、时间、压力、助催化剂对催化剂性能的影响,以及链转移反应在其中所起到的作用。结果表明,温度对聚乙烯的相对分子质量影响最大,乙烯分压和聚合温度对催化剂的活性有明显影响,存在一个使催化剂高活性的最适宜铝钛物质的量之比。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。