工艺规划为核心的产品协同研发生产平台

为实现具有市场竞争力产品的高端研发,并具备较高的质量及成本控制能力,文中提出构建以工艺规划为核心的产品数字化研发生产平台的解决思路.平台框架包含计算机辅助设计、产品数据管理、计算机辅助工艺规划和协同制造模块;通过工艺与设计、生产两端的数据共享,实现设计、工艺数据和生产的高效协同;通过工艺规划方案的功能描述,展现了一个为...     

面向网络化制造的协同设计技术

设计了一种面向网络化制造的协同设计平台,建立了企业间产品开发的协作关系,提出了在产品开发中整合企业供应链上的制造资源、实现客户定制和企业协作的方法。通过对产品实际设计过程的特点分析,利用规划控制下的二阶段设计理论,研究了产品对象模型构造技术、工程知识表达技术和设计过程建模技术,提出了一种基于知识的协同设计方法。以成德绵区域网络化制造和应用服务供应商平台为基础,设计并实现了协同设计平台,实现了企业间的协作和基于知识的设计,并已在成德绵区域的多家企业应用。     

基于RE／CAD／CAE集成的注塑件协同制造系统研究

目前注塑产品开发趋于多样化,许多注塑产品的设计来源于既有的实物。本文提出了基于ＲＥ／ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＥ集成的协同制造系统,通过反向工程技术获取数据,ＣＡＤ用于实体造型,通过ＣＡＥ软件进行的塑件和注塑模分析。集成系统可以缩短产品的开发周期,降低设计成本,提高企业的市场竞争力。     

Modeling and managing engineering changes in a complex product development process

Today’s hypercompetitive worldwide market, demanding customers, and technological advances force corporations who develop new products to look into all the possible areas of improvement throughout the entire product life cycle management process. One of the research areas that have been overlooked in the past is engineering change management (ECM). This paper presents a simulation model for investigating the mutual impacts of ECM process and new product development (NPD) process on each other. The discrete event simulation model investigates how different NPD and ECM process characteristics are interrelated, and how these interactions eventually affect the lead time, cost, and quality of an NPD project. This model has the capacity to account for three different levels of uncertainties, namely activity uncertainty, design solution uncertainty, and environment uncertainty, and their effects on the probabilities of NPD rework. Decisions to be made by considering EC impacts are drawn from an enterprise level system perspective.     

工程变更管理的分析与研究

分析了工程变更中变更流程、人员组织和数据管理等要素的特点及其相互联系,论述了工程变更管理与产品数据管理系统的关系,认为产品数据管理系统是实施工程变更管理的基础,阐述了工程变更管理的目的和它不同于数据管理、流程管理的特殊性;指出工程变更管理的主要目的是降低变更成本、提高变更数据和减少变更错误,提出了以产品数据管理系统为基础,以变更流程为主线的工程变更管理策略,并以在江铃汽车股份有限公司的实施进行了验证。     

Developing a Computer-Aided Environment to Investigate the Influences of Design Schedule Changes on Material Requirement Planning

Recently, the concepts of concurrent engineering have been implemented in many manufacturing areas. However, very few efforts were addressed to linking design procedures and material requirement planning (MRP). In general, an engineering change (EC) might have an influence on the material requirements as well as on the inventory, and hence might affect the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the material status during the EC stage. This concept has formed a new area for concurrent engineering, that is design for MRP (DFMRP). In this paper, a computer-aided environment that integrates a product data management (PDM) module and an MRP module, to support DFMRP has been proposed. The major function of this environment is to investigate the influence of EC schedule changes on MRP. In other words, this environment provides the information about the influence on MRP when the starting time or finishing time of certain EC tasks have been altered. A process model was developed to describe the relations between EC and production management tasks. In addition, an integration module was developed to extract the related information from PDM and MRP, and to analyse the possible influence on MRP based on the process model. The analysed results can be used as reference information for project management in PDM.     

Approximate Estimation of the Product Life Cycle Cost Using Artificial Neural Networks in Conceptual Design

In order to improve the design of products and reduce design changes, cost, and time to market, life cycle engineering has emerged as an effective approach to address these issues in today’s competitive global market. As over 70% of the total life cycle cost of a product is committed at the early design stage, designers can substantially reduce the life cycle cost of products by giving due consideration to the life cycle implications of their design decisions. During the early design stages there may be competing requirements. In addition, detailed information is scarce and decisions must be made quickly. Thus, both the overhead in developing parametric life cycle cost (LCC) models for a wide range of concepts or requirements, and the lack of detailed information make the application of traditional LCC models impractical. A different approach is required because a traditional LCC method should be incorporated in the very early design stages. This paper explores an approximate method for providing the preliminary life cycle cost. Learning algorithms trained to use the known characteristics of existing products can perhaps allow the life cycle cost of new products to be approximated quickly during the conceptual design phase without the overhead of defining new LCC models. Artificial neural networks are trained to generalise product attributes and life cycle cost data from pre-existing LCC studies. Then, the product designers query the trained artificial model with new high-level product attribute data to obtain an LCC for a new product concept quickly. Foundations for the learning LCC approach are established, and then an application is provided. This paper has been developed to provide designers with LCC information to guide them in conceptual design.     

面向网络化制造的中小企业协同管理平台研究

针对网络化制造模式下中小型企业协同管理的需求,并基于企业协同工程和系统工程适用性,提出了一个基于协同管理中心的企业协同管理平台的系统解决方案.该系统覆盖网络化制造协同联盟的设计、制造、组织、资源和过程管理控制等环节中的关键业务,实现组织、产品、过程和资源的协同管理.从网络化制造的特点出发,给出了协同管理的模式、平台系统体系结构、特征和总体技术结构;重点解决了协同规划、协同联盟成员选择与匹配、信息交换、访问控制、协同过程管理控制、系统封装以及通信等方面的问题;最后讨论了所建立的原型系统及其应用实例.     

A collaborative manufacturing execution platform for space product development

Space product development enterprise has the feature of single piece or small batch productions, in which the product manufacturing process changes frequently, key components need process preparation, and production scheduling problem is often complicated. According to the development process of space products, a collaborative platform under network-based manufacturing environment for space products development is proposed in this paper. The main structure of the platform and the cooperation process between each application modules are proposed. Moreover, a kind of dynamic job shop scheduling algorithm is presented. The algorithm is used to realize rapid response and adjust manufacturing plan when production or process plan has changed. Finally, a prototype system that supports space product manufacturing process management is developed and a case study is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of proposed algorithm.     

机械产品协同设计制造信息管理平台的开发

针对机械产品设计制造过程,开发了一个交互式、分布式且面向产品设计制造流程的机械产品协同设计制造信息管理平台。根据机械产品数字化流程,将过程信息分为设计分析型数据、图形数据和管理型数据,利用工程数据库来进行信息管理,结合网络技术开发出机械产品数字化设计制造信息管理平台.该平台在某型产品的开发应用表明,它能实现设计制造管理信息在Web上的交换与共享,满足设计工艺管理人员协同开发的要求,为促进机械产品设计制造行业能力的提高作了有益的探索。     

市场信息驱动的产品规划方法研究

“用户呼声”是新产品开发的主要驱动之一,市场信息驱动的产品规划方法是通过对市场整体态势的分析,从宏观角度把握用户群体需求及其动态,进而进行产品评价分析与规划。本文结合国内汽车行业,在行业产销信息的基础上,系统了基于市场综合信息的产品规划方法,介绍了相关辅助分析工具的开发及其具体应用的案例。     

Internet-based collaborative product development chain for networked product development

Product development in the manufacturing industry has been facing unprecedented challenges brought about by ever-changing global and competitive market conditions as well as changing individual customer demands. As manufacturing enterprises become more specialized, they need to communicate and work concurrently on a large volume of product data covering their factories, sub-contractors as well as suppliers. The collaboration and cooperation between enterprises is changing from a supply chain based on material flow to a collaborative product development chain based on task flow. Computer network technologies, especially the Internet, have injected velocity into product development activities and enabled companies to shift their traditionally centralized product development philosophy to networked product development philosophy. This paper introduces a new paradigm called Internet-based collaborative product development chain (ICPDC) to answer the aforementioned needs of current product development. It connects users in geographically different locations to carry out product development activities simultaneously and collaboratively using a series of tools, including product management tools, workflow management tools, and project management tools. Some key aspects of the ICPDC, including its concept, collaboration mechanism, constituents and fashioning principle, are introduced in detail. Furthermore, a framework for the ICPDC based on a Brower/Server is proposed. Finally, a prototype is implemented using web services technology and .Net programming language to demonstrate the feasibility of the structure and the collaborative approach that has been developed.     

Web环境下的协同装配规划系统

异地开发产品要求装配设计成员间进行协同工作。为支持分布式的装配规划活动，提出了协同装配规划网络环境的体系结构，研究了用户界面、通讯管理、应用服务和信息管理等功能模块，并结合虚拟现实建模语言表达的客户端产品显示模型和服务器端装配应用模型，采用Java—EAI等技术，开发了基于Web的协同装配规划原型系统。用一个驱动装配体实例，说明异地人员间同步的协同装配规划过程，验证了协同装配规划方法的可行性和系统的有效性。     

An Integrated Maintenance Management System for an Advanced Manufacturing Company

Maintenance costs in advanced manufacturing companies, e.g. electronics manufacturing companies, have been steadily increasing as the companies upgrade their production facilities. Maintenance costs are normally a considerable portion of the product cost. To maintain a competitive place in the market, it is critical for an advanced manufacturing company to have a sound maintenance management system, which can control its maintenance costs at the lowest level and maintain its overall equipment effectiveness at the highest level. This paper reports on an integrated maintenance management system, which has been developed and implemented in an advanced electronics manufacturing company in Hong Kong. The methods and principles of the system are discussed in sections on maintenance performance auditing, cost recording and tracing, reliability centred maintenance planning and control, condition monitoring and on-line feedback control, and integrated maintenance planning and control.     

Assembly process planning and its future in collaborative manufacturing: a review

A good assembly process plan can increase the efficiency and quality, and decrease the cost and time of the whole product manufacturing process, which is important as product and production demand changes rapidly in today’s market. Several approaches using different techniques and methodologies have been developed and reported in the literature for assembly process planning. Automated assembly process planning (AAPP) has been the main focus of the research efforts over the years, with most work concentrated on attempting to automate or to semi-automate the key sequencing process. However, some of these efforts have not been successful in general, and many assembly process plans are still based on traditional methods. The purpose of this paper is to review and outline the methodologies and tools in assembly process planning developed during the past ten years, such as the application of meta-heuristics methods to find the optimal/near optimal assembly plans and assembly line balancing, the evaluation methods for design for assembly (DFA), and collaborative assembly process planning systems. Based on this review the future trends in this area are also identified and discussed.     

计算机集成制造技术在陶瓷业的应用

陶瓷产品计算机集成制造技术对提高陶瓷企业的产品开发能力,制造能力、管理水平,以及改造传统产业均有重要的意义和作用。针对产品制造过程中的特点,建立了一种陶瓷产品计算机集成制造系统的体系结构,开发了陶瓷企业管理信息系统的集成技术、陶瓷产品的计算机辅助全过程设计的集成技术、陶瓷产品模具制造过程的数字化技术、陶瓷虚拟产品技术和陶瓷产品逆向工程技术等关键技术。并以重庆兆瓷有限公司为应用企业,实施了我国陶瓷行业第一个CIMS应用示范工程。     

A Distributive and Collaborative Concurrent Product Design System through the WWW/Internet

Concurrent engineering involves the integration of people, tools, information, and processes into a responsive and efficient system. This paper addresses a key requirement in distributed concurrent engineering, namely, the ability for geographically dispersed and disparate parties, having heterogeneous computing platforms, to exchange design and manufacturing data. The development of an effective and efficient collaborative product design support environment based on the WWW/Internet is presented. A new method that reduces the transmission time through the use of macro files is proposed to realise the real-time communication, together with a monitoring methodology for synchronising group operations, and maintaining consistency of shared CAD models in a cooperative design review (co-modifying) process. Based on the proposed methods, a software interface has been developed to extend the traditional single location CAD software system to a multi-location application for coordinated product design through the Internet. This software interface was coded in Java. The architecture is a connection-oriented client/server structure using TCP/IP protocol. Unigraphics on a UNIX Workstation and MicroStation on Windows NT have been successfully integrated. The findings of this paper allow product designers to exchange and share product data, communicate with team members, modify geometry data on particular aspects of the design, and maintain operations consistency in all the distributed cooperative sites on a wide variety of platforms.     

Postponement strategies for re-engineering of automotive manufacturing: knowledge-management implications

Globally, automotive manufacturers are faced with the challenges of expanding product variety and high customer service provision. They increasingly face a flexibility driven, time-based competition. This demands effective knowledge management to develop more effective processes. In other words, there is a need for knowledge-driven innovations that can offer business process improvements in the new business environment. One innovative response to these challenges is postponement, also known as “delayed differentiation”. Such a strategy calls for redesigning products and re-engineering processes so that the stages of the production process in which a common process is used are prolonged. This product/process re-engineering should allow a flexible option to defer the point of differentiation. The manufacturing industry motivation to focus in this direction can be encouraged through relevant demonstrative models capturing their existing processes. In this paper, we develop such a model that captures the costs and benefits associated with postponement strategy that is implemented through business process re-engineering. We apply this model to analyze a real case in an automobile manufacturing plant. Our findings are that there are enormous opportunities for cost-effective postponement strategies in automotive manufacturing sector through a knowledge management (KM)-based process re-engineering. We also note that as the number of differentiated models and variability in demand increase, the cost of process re-engineering can be recovered through value of postponement (VOP), in as short a time frame as 1 year. It is also suggested that for practitioners and researchers working in the KM context, the sharing of the tacit knowledge amongst different professionals managing the various processes must be continually emphasized. This is increasingly important to deal with flexibility challenges.     

Developing an Integrated Intelligent Framework to Support an Engineering Change Process for an Axial Piston Pump

Since the concepts of concurrent engineering were introduced in mid 1980s, the product design process has become complicated. This is because many factors related to the life cycle of the product may need to be considered during the design stage. Therefore, shortening product development time becomes important for the survival of an enterprise. In this paper, an integrated intelligent environment to support concurrent engineering is proposed. Two major modules are provided by this system to assist change management. One is a constraint network module that analyses the related constraints about a design change to find the design variables influenced. Another is a product assembly module that extracts the design data from a CAD database to analyse the spatial relationships relating to an assembly. The data in the above two modules are integrated in a data integrated module, in which an entity relational data model was developed to describe the integrated data. Finally, a web-based query system was developed to provide a multiplatform environment for the user to refer to the data in the constraint network module and the product assembly module during a design change process. The proposed environment is implemented in the design change process for an axial piston pump.