Control and regulation means of asynchronized turbogenerator excitation

The configuration and basic functions of controlling the excitation system of T3FA-110-2, T3FAU-160-2, and T3FSU-320-2 asynchronized turbogenerators and the ASK-100-4 asynchronized compensator created by the Power Machines Company in 2004–2008 are described.     

Means of generating a field control system of an asynchronized turbogenerator

The main advantages of asynchronized turbogenerators (ASTGs) in comparison with traditional synchronous turbogenerators are formulated. Means of generating a field control system for ASTGs that allows one to implement these advantages is presented. The basic requirements for the field system of ASTG are given.     

Test results of asynchronized turbogenerator T3FAU-160 obtained at heat electric power station-21 (OAO Mosenergo)

The asynchronized turbogenerator T3FAU-160 was tested at heat electric power station-21 in the static and dynamic modes of operation; test results are presented. The standby modes of operation, i.e., with excitation in one winding and without excitation (asynchronous mode), are examined.     

Excitation systems of asynchronized turbogenerators

The basic circuit and construction features of the excitation systems of T3FA-110-2, T3FAU-160-2, and T3FSU-320-2 asynchronized turbogenerators, as well as the ASK-100-4 asynchronized compensator manufactured by Silovye Mashiny (branch of Electrosila) in 2004–2008 are considered.     

Protection against loss of utility grid supply for a dispersedstorage and generation unit

The requirements of an islanding, or `loss of grid', protection for a dispersed storage and generation unit are examined, and the principal methods used for this type of relaying are outlined. A new protection algorithm is introduced which is based on the rate of change of power as measured at the generator's terminals. The responses of the different measurands are examined for a selection of power system operating conditions in order to demonstrate the operation of this type of protection. The new protection algorithm is shown to trip for loss of grid and for load fluctuations while the dispersed storage and generation unit is operating independently of the utility supply following a loss of grid, and for an out-of-synchronism reconnection of the utility supply to the dispersed storage and generation unit. It is also shown to remain stable for major load fluctuations while the utility supply remains connected to the dispersed generator system     

除氧催化剂在氢冷机组中的应用

保证氢冷机组氢气安全运行是电厂安全管理的一项重要工作。将钯触媒应用于氢冷发电机组，降低氢气含氧量，对安全起到了保障作用本文讨论钯触媒的使用特性及使用后氢气纯度的标准、计量等问题。     

Optimal and multivariable control of a turbogenerator

This paper describes an investigation into the use of modern control methods to design multivariable controllers which improve the performance of a turbogenerator. It presents the turbogenerator non-linear mathematical model from which a linearized model is deduced. The inverse Nyquist array method and the theory of optimal control are both applied to the linearized model to generate two alternative control schemes. The schemes are then implemented on the non-linear model for simulation by computer in order to assess their dynamic performance. Results from these modern multivariable control schemes are compared with those of the classical familiar automatic voltage regulator and speed governor systems.     

Experience in development and use of asynchronized turbogenerators made by Elektrotyazhmash

The experience acquired by Elektrotyazmash in the field of the development and use of turbo-type asynchronized electrical machines is reported in the article.     

防止变压器短路爆炸的对策

以电厂生活用变压器短路故障为例,介绍了继电保护的改进方法。     

Proportional and integral optimal control of a turbogenerator

This paper describes an investigation into the use of integral and proportional optimal control methods to design multivariable controllers which improve the performance of a turbogenerator. It presents the turbogenerator nonlinear mathematical model from which a linearized model is deduced. The theory of optimal control is applied to the linearized model to generate two alternative control schemes. The schemes are then implemented software-wise on the nonlinear simulation model in order to assess their dynamic performance. Results from these modern multivariable control schemes are compared with those of the classical familiar automatic voltage regulator and speed governor systems.     

大型汽轮发电机定子主绝缘老化状态的研究

大型发电机运行过程中，在定子线圈的不同部位处，主绝缘会受到不同程度的多种应力作用。为了研究定子线圈不同部位处主绝缘的老化状态，本文对一台已运行了16年的大型汽轮发电机的定子线棒进行诊断试验，包括：极化指数测量、不同电压、温度下的介质损耗测量、交流电流测量、局部放电测量及声学测量。试验结果表明，定子端部主绝缘的老化程度比槽部主绝缘要严重。因此，建议在进行大型发电机预防性维修试验时，应注意端部绝缘的检测与维护。     

Computation of the turbogenerator end-region field using the BEM

Contents The Boundary Element Method has been adapted to the 2D electromagnetic field analysis in the piece-wise homogeneous regions described by the Laplace, Poisson and Helmholtz partial differential equations. Two subregions described by the Helmholtz equation have been introduced. The axial component of the magnetic flux density on the surface of turbogenerator end laminations has been calculated using the above approach. The copper electromagnetic shield is placed between the clamping ring and pressure fingers in the afore-mentioned turbogenerator and the conducting elements has been considered as the Helmholtz subregions. The numerical results have been compared with measured ones.

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Berechnung des Turbogenerator-Stirnraumfeldes mit der Rand-Elemente-Methode

Übersicht Die Rand-Elemente-Methode wurde zur Berechnung des zwei-dimensionalen Feldes in dem abschnittsweise homogenen Raum angewendet, der mit den Laplaceschen, Poissonschen und Helmholtzschen partiellen Differentialgleichungen beschrieben wird. Zwei mit der Helmholtzgleichung beschriebene Untergebiete wurden eingeführt. Die axiale Komponente der magnetischen Flußdichte (Induktion) auf der Oberfläche der Stirnbleche eines Turbogenerators wurde mit Hilfe der obengenannten Methode berechnet. Ein zwischen dem Preßring und den Andruckfingern sich befindender elektromagnetischer Kupferschirm wird in dem obenerwähnten Turbogenerator angewendet und die konduktiven Elemente wurden als Helmholtzsche Untergebiete betrachtet. Die numerischen Ergebnisse wurden mit gemessenen Werten verglichen.

     

基于虚拟仪器技术的汽轮发电机组扭振测试系统

利用虚拟仪器技术设计和构建了扭振信号采集和分析系统的框架,开发了一种能有效测量和分析扭振的汽轮发电机组扭振测试系统。采用PXI数据采集系统实现了系统的硬件,采用LabVIEW图形化编程语言编制了系统的软件。系统利用汽轮发电机组机端的转速信号,使用零相位数字滤波器直接从转速信号中提取扭振分量。从扭振分量中分离出扭振模态并分析它们的特性。系统已多次应用于电厂的实际调试,实测数据分析显示,该扭振测试系统灵活易用,能满足实际应用的需求。     

Protection of thyristors against overvoltage with breakover diodes

Overvoltage protection is achieved by connecting the breakover diode (BOD) between anode and gate of a thyristor in such a way that it is turned on when excessive voltage occurs. The turn-on delay time of the thyristor is dependent on the magnitude of the supplied BOD current. The delay time can be less than 0.3 μs, so that protection against steep transient is possible. The BOD is, in many cases, indispensable for thyristor strings when the load conditions are unpredictable     

变压器非电量保护误动对策

山东邹县电厂第三期工程中,采用了ABB公司生产的微机型继电保护.在5#机组试生产期间,出现过一次保护误发信号.6#机组168h试运结束,移交试生产后的第3天,6A高厂变油温高保护动作跳闸、机组全停.     

Equivalent turbogenerator model for design of multivariable controllers in multimachine systems

The design of multivariable controllers for turbogenerators is usually based on single-machine infinite-bus representations, which are not valid for multimachine power systems. Alternatively, an overall control strategy may be sought for all the generators in the system, but this arrangement is not feasible in practice and involves major mathematical difficulties. The paper describes a method for designing physically-realizable multivariable controllers for individual turbogenerators in multimachine systems, without the assumption of an infinite bus. This employs an equivalent model for each generator, which includes the effects of interconnections with other units in the power system. The method has been used to design optimal state-space controllers for a three-machine system, and results obtained by nonlinear computer simulation show that good performance is achieved.     

汽轮发电机组汽门开度控制器的综合智能化设计方法

结合控制系统设计问题的特点 ,将遗传算法和再励学习分别引入到模糊神经网络控制器的离线训练和在线应用过程中 ,提出了一种综合智能化的控制系统设计思想。将其应用在汽轮发电机组汽门开度控制器设计过程的仿真结果表明 ,所设计的综合智能控制器具有良好的控制效果和更高的智能化水平 ,设计过程更加合理 ,应用简便 ,在理论和实践两方面都更具潜力。     

Application of digital computers to the study of power systems with asynchronized electromechanical frequency converters

The advent of large scale computers with high computational speeds enables more complex systems with interconnected subsystems to be studied and implemented     

边坡深层抗滑稳定动力分析

岩体结构面在循环加载条件下的力学特性直接关系到上部结构的稳定安全.本文结合边坡动力抗滑稳定工程算例,采用有限元接触分析方法,对岩休结构面的理想弹塑性模型、简化非线性模型、考虑剪胀和磨损等现象的复杂非线性模型的计算结果进行了对比分析.接触面的理想弹塑性模型低估了接触面的变形能力,计算出的位移偏小,屈服区范围偏大,安全系数偏小.简化非线性模型的刚度随变形的增加而减少,增强了接触面的变形能力,计算出的位移增大,屈服区范围偏小,安全系数偏大.天然岩体结构面具有峰值剪切和剪胀特性,在循环加载条件下,峰值摩擦角、剪胀角会逐步磨损,考虑这些复杂特性后,模型计算结果处于理想弹塑性模型和简化非线性模型之间,更准确地模拟了接触面的受力变形特性.     

GIS电弧故障的继电保护完善

ABB公司出于更好地保护设备的目的,在GIS开关设备上设置了电弧故障保护,以保证SF6气室发生电弧短路故障时,可以迅速使开关动作跳闸,切断短路电流。但配套的继电保护可靠性是能够实现保护作用的首要保证。如果继电保护不能够准确动作,可能造成设备损坏、事故扩大;如果继电保护误动作,又将造成非正常停电,影响正常的供电。现结合我单位35kV系统GIS电弧故障保护进行分析,完善其继电保护方案。