面向企业的CSCW系统及其应用

介绍了面向企业的计算机支持的协同工作系统的设计思想和功能，通过对该系统应用案例的分析表明，该系统在支持企业管理人员的群体协同任务方面，具有明显的效益和广泛的应用前景。     

基于CSCW的虚拟集成产品开发模式研究

对计算机支持协同工作（ＣＳＣＷ）进行了分析,结合虚拟集成产品开发（ＶＩＰＤ）特点和技术要点,将其与前者联合在一起,新的产品开发系统有了ＣＳＣＷ的平台,可实现产品开发各过程中信息与知识在数字化描述基础上的汉通和集成。合 成产品开发过程帝现数字化和网络化和网络并在虚拟现实的基础上加速了产品开发过程中的感性认识,为整体提高产品开发能力有着重要的推动作用。     

共享工作空间下的协作模型研究

在分析多协作任务运行机制的基础上，提出一种基于共享工作空间的多任务、多角色协作模型，并对协作活动、协作成员、共享对象以及群体协作关系给出有效的描述，从而解决了协作空间下组织机构管理层次上的协同问题。所提模型已在协同设计系统CoopCAD中得到运用，具有一定的通用性，可以较好地满足协作应用系统的要求。     

Exploring Semantic Web technologies for ontology-based modeling in collaborative engineering design

This paper describes a preliminary attempt at using the Semantic Web paradigm, particularly the Web Ontology Language (OWL), for domain-specific engineering design knowledge representation in a multi-agent distributed design environment. Ontology-based modeling to the engineering design knowledge on the Semantic Web is proposed as a prelude to the meaningful agent communication and knowledge reuse for collaborative work among multidisciplinary organizations. Formal knowledge representation in OWL format extends traditional product modeling with capabilities of knowledge sharing and distributed problem solving, and is used as a content language within the FIPA-ACL (Agent Communication Language) messages in the proposed multi-agent system architecture. As an illustration, engineering design knowledge of automatic assembly systems for manufacturing electronic connectors, which contain a group of electro-mechanical components, is represented in OWL format, with its inherent structure-function-process relationships defined explicitly and formally, to facilitate semantic access and retrieval of electro-mechanical component information across different disciplines. The proposed approach is viewed as a promising knowledge-management method that facilitates the implementation of computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) in design of Semantic Web applications.     

CSCW 及其在先进制造技术中的应用研究

计算机支持协同工作（ＣＳＣＷ）在先进制造技术中的应用使之成为敏捷制造的关键技术之一。本文概述了ＣＳＣＷ的概念、特点及应用,介绍了本单位所开发的面向先进制造技术的ＣＳＣＷ系统——ＭＣＳＤＭ的结构和功能。ＭＣＳＤＭ可以实现使分布在异地的ＣＡＤ、ＣＡＰＰ、ＣＡＭ项目组成员在一个虚拟的协作环境内协同工作。     

基于计算机支持的协同工作的组合机自动线设计

协同设计是计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)在制造业中的重要应用。本文提出了基于CSCW的组合机自动线的协同设计系统,其采用集中式的协同控制器(Corperation Controller)及一些分布式的代理(Agent),来满足协同设计对于信息交流的需求。并对组合机自动线协同设计过程控制、协同设计产品多模型视图进行了探讨。     

基于Web的全生命周期项目管理系统研究

为了提高项目管理的有效性和支持面向动态联盟的虚拟供应链的组织和管理,提出了基于Web的全生命周期项目管理系统。针对传统项目囿于分解和执行阶段导致的上下游不够协调的问题,提出了面向全生命周期的项目管理架构。系统基于组织和过程分离的模式,实现了以项目为核心的面向动态联盟的虚拟供应链的组织和管理。提出基于角色权限人员的项目文档权限分配策略,支持了信息交流和安全控制。基于Web的全生命周期项目管理系统有效地支持了动态联盟的组织和管理。     

Makespan minimization for m-machine permutation flowshop scheduling problem with learning considerations

Increased complexity of current manufacturing systems together with dynamic conditions and permanent demands for flexible and robust functionality makes their management and control very difficult and challenging. Workflow simulation is an effective approach to investigate dynamic workflow scheduling policies and evaluate the overall manufacturing system performance. The results attained in simulation model can give directions on how to maximize system output when selecting an appropriate scheduling practice for a real system. In this paper, we investigate the abilities of multi-agent systems in combination with dynamic dispatching rules and failure handling mechanisms to manage dynamic environment conditions (such as machine failures) for systems in the production automation domain. We measure system robustness by systematically assessing the total system performance (e.g., number of finished products) in a number of representative test cases. We use an agent-based simulation environment, MAST, which has been validated with real-world hardware to strengthen the external validity of the simulation results. We investigated the performance of a re-scheduling component which uses four different policies that define how to adjust the system schedule in case of machine disturbances/failures. In the context of the empirical study the Complete Rerouting re-scheduling policy outperformed all other policies.     

Conception and implementation of a collaborative manufacturing grid

Computer supported collaborative work (CSCW) technology and grid technology are integrated to solve the resource-sharing problems in collaborative design, analysis, and manufacture. The application of grid technology in collaborative manufacturing is presented. Function requirement of collaborative manufacturing grid (CMG) is analyzed for product design, analysis, and manufacture. A concept of the CMG is put forward, and its corresponding architecture is set up based on grid middleware. Grid services in the CMG are realized based on the Globus Toolkit. A grid portal of the CMG based on the Web is developed, and advanced graphical interfaces are provided for potential users. Functions of workflow based on CMG are presented, and its management is discussed for automatic workflow creation and execution in a grid environment. A prototype system is established via a case study of the sightseeing lift. It validates the resource-sharing and cooperative work in the CMG.     

面向Web服务与智能体的企业供需网协作研究

供需网企业运作于动态和分布式的环境下,它根据客户需求,以商业利益和信息驱动,实时地寻找合作伙伴。这种动态性和实时性的特性,需要一种能够及时集成不同合作伙伴的分布式系统和应用的技术。Web服务正是这样一种技术,能够跨平台传输信息,为供需网上的任何供需活动提供服务。运用Web服务技术,供需网可以很容易地实现已有系统的集成,也很容易集成新的应用程序。根据智能体特有的自主性等特性,将与Web服务结合,使Web服务具有一定的智能性,能够按照任务特点设置意图和承诺,直到完成供需服务,而Web服务技术又使Agent实现了跨企业的交互,Agent无需考虑企业系统平台的异构情况,实时协调Web服务,从而达到供需网协同管理的目的。     

A Conceptual Approach to Integrate Design and Control for the Epoxy Dispensing Process

Performance improvement of manufacturing systems in the semiconductor industry involves interdisciplinary expertise, such as physical modeling, mechanical design, electrical control, and even material science. Integration of these different disciplines is a challenging problem in the semiconductor industry. The paper presents a conceptual approach to integrate design and control methodology for complex processes with specific application to an epoxy-dispensing control system – a critical equipment in the semiconductor packaging process. This methodology includes three hierarchical levels: process design (system-level and component-level), multivariable control and the statistics-based supervision. This paper deals with conceptual design at system-level by integrating an approximate model with an axiomatic approach, and briefly introduces approaches at other levels. In the conceptual design at system level, the primitive model of the system is sufficient to show some basic properties of the process, by which the axiomatic design can be easily integrated to evaluate the system design and suggest an optimal system configuration with invariant properties to internal variations. Under minimal internal variation, the multivariable control that is intended to suppress external variations can be approximately constructed by a set of independent controllers. Statistics-based supervision will provide suitable setpoints for the multivariable control so as to maintain good performance in the dynamic environment.     

面向服务架构的敏捷制造及关键技术

首先研究敏捷制造及动态联盟等现代制造模式,分析了敏捷制造的内涵和面向服务的技术基础,利用面向服务的架构、业务流程管理和Web服务等相关的标准和技术构建了企业业务集成服务平台。在此基础上提出面向服务架构敏捷制造的4个关键技术,如企业应用体系结构、产品数据交换平台、请求服务平台、生产计划与动态调度。     

分布式工程协作环境下产品数据共享的研究

针对动态联盟的分布式协作环境中难以实现产品数据共享的问题，提出了采用以工程门户为核心集成各成员企业产品数据的方案。在探讨基于Internet的产品数据共享原理的基础上，通过包装PDM系统，采用对象引用和SOAP技术，为分布的产品数据建立关系，并将其集成为统一的产品视图。最后，以某工程门户原型为例说明了工程协作环境中产品数据共享的实现，验证了相关技术的可行性。     

面向CIMS的CSCW系统研究

针对CIMS应用特点，根据CSCW的内涵，提出了面向CIMS的CSCW系统三层体系结构，并从用户层，应用层，支持环境层进行了讨论，对系统进行了结构和功能设计，提出了系统的关键技术，并给出了应用实例。     

动态载荷位置识别当量载荷误差判别法

根据线弹性系统的振动特性,采用动载荷识别频域法研究动载荷作用位置识别问题。提出了当量载荷误差判别法,用不同测点响应在相同位置反演出来的当量载荷的误差值建立目标函数,当量载荷误差最小的作用位置就是动载荷的真实作用位置。从单点激励和两点激励方面进行了平面板的载荷位置识别仿真,在加入噪声的情况下效果依然理想,为复杂结构和多个加载位置动载荷识别提供基础。简支梁实验结果表明,该方法能正确识别载荷作用位置,对噪声不敏感,有很好的工程应用前景。     

Run-time system based on LinSERCANS and Soft-PLC

Soft-PLC with open architecture is the direction of development in industrial automation. This paper discusses the method of communication between the interface functions of LinSERCANS under RTLinux and the external library of Soft-PLC underWindows. Based on the API HOOK theory, the communication between the interface functions of LinSERCANS and the external libraries of Soft-PLC is set up and it solves the calling functions of dynamic link libraries in different operation systems. It is able to combine LinSERCANS with the Soft-PLC, and a run-time system is developed based on the interface technology of the serial real-time communication system (SERCOS) and technology of soft-PLC. This runtime system has been used in all electronic injection molding machines and works very well.     

Dynamic responses of hydraulic mobile crane with consideration of the drive system

The dynamic behaviour of mobile cranes is determined not only by the steel structures and the external loads but also by the drive- and control systems. In today’s dynamic calculation of mobile cranes, the drive systems are modelled through the method of “kinematic forcing” or by measurements for outputs of the drive system. To improve this situation, a new method for dynamic calculation of mobile cranes has been developed. In this method, the flexible multibody model of the structure will be coupled with the model of the drive system. In that way the elastic deformation, the rigid body motion of structures and the dynamic behaviour of the drive system can be determined in an integrated model. The calculation method has been realized for a hydraulic mobile crane. In addition to the structural elements, the mathematical modelling for hydraulic drive- and control system is described. The crane rotating simulation for arbitrary working conditions has been carried out. As a result, a more exact representation of dynamic behaviour, not only for the crane structure, but also for the drive system is achieved.     

剪切型磁流变脂阻尼器转子系统的动力特性

为了解决磁流变流体沉淀给磁流变流体装置动力特性带来的影响,提出一类流变特性也可以随外加磁场发生显著变化的磁流变脂,基于剪切工作原理设计用于旋转机械转子系统的剪切型磁流变脂阻尼器及单盘悬臂转子系统,通过试验详细地研究剪切型磁流变脂阻尼器对转子系统动力特性的可控性、剪切型磁流变脂阻尼器抑制转子系统振动的有效性,以及剪切型磁流变脂阻尼器对转子系统的振动进行主动控制的适用性,并考察了剪切型磁流变脂阻尼器－转子系统的动力特性在长时间内的重复性。结果表明,利用一个低压电磁线圈产生的磁场就可以控制剪切型磁流变脂阻尼器－转子系统的动力特性,在合适的磁场条件下剪切型磁流变脂阻尼器能够极大地抑制转子系统的振动,剪切型磁流变脂阻尼器－转子系统的动力特性在较长的时间内具有良好的重复性,剪切型磁流变脂阻尼器适合作为转子系统振动的主动控制元件。     

A BPEL-based service-oriented dynamic collaborative mechanism for distributed product design

Product design is now concerned with various domains, knowledge, processes and tools, and has become much more geographically dispersed, causing the communication and cooperation to be complicated and dynamic. Hence, a shared and autonomous collaborative platform becomes a very crucial issue. Services, as the prominent paradigm for distributed computing, are adopted for developing geographically distributed, collaborative and evolvable systems. Especially, grid services presents a feasible method to solve the problems of sharing heterogeneous resources seamlessly. Thus, service-oriented computing has received much interest from industry and academic research communities to support collaborative work or business-to-business integration. However, a lack of elaborate coordination mechanisms and the dynamic environment of application deter the widespread application of service-oriented technology. There is a need for dynamic collaborative mechanisms to enable distributed product design in a manner that ensures that design activities and processes are planned and executed in an efficient, controlled method. This paper reports on a dynamic collaborative mechanism to facilitate collaborative work in distributed product design with Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) and service-oriented computing. The mechanism focuses on how to build and manage the dynamic collaborative process for different partners involved in distributed product design. With the support of Grid toolkit, a prototype system is built and evaluated with a case study to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed mechanism.     

基于计算机支持的协同工作的注塑模协同设计研究

协同设计是计算机支持的协同工作 (CSCW)在制造业中的重要应用。本文提出了基于 CSCW的注塑模协同设计系统 ,其采用的基于三级客户 /服务器原理的协同设计系统结构 ,可以有效支持异地异构分布式设计环境。同时对注塑模协同设计过程控制、协同设计产品多模型视图和基于多 Agent的协同组织机制进行了深入探讨。