太阳微波尖峰的空间谱分析

利用国家天文台怀柔太阳观察站2．6～3．8GHz频谱仪的观察数据,对太阳射电辐射中的8个尖峰辐射事件进行了分析。在把频率标度转变成太阳大气中的高度之后,得到了时间一太阳大气高度对应二维数据;对任意时刻的太阳流量数据向量经过小波变换和将小波变换后二维图形转变为一维图形后,得到类似傅里叶变换的功率谱图。同时也利用傅里叶谱分析方法对同样的数据进行对比分析,分别直线拟合一维功率谱图,得到幂率功率谱指数,发现大多数指数与典型的科莫戈洛夫功率谱指数相背离,并且阐述了可能存在的原因。     

A local approach for the LPV identification of an actuated beam using piezoelectric actuators and sensors

This paper considers the identification of structural dynamics by identifying its frequency response functions (FRFs) – a mathematical representation of the relationship between the vibration response at one location and excitation at the same or another location. The spatially-varying characteristics of the FRFs at various input and output locations are explored, and lead to a spatial linear parameter varying (LPV) representation. A local LPV identification technique for lumped systems is adapted here to spatially-interconnected systems. The identification of a spatial LPV model facilitates the experimental work, and also simplifies the controller synthesis. The proposed approach is applied to identify an actuated beam equipped with an array of collocated piezoelectric actuators and sensors for performance illustration.     

无线电信号识别方法的研究

文章提出了小波分析与神经网络相结合的方法自动识别无线电信号的调制类型.文中分别用常规的方法和小波的方法提取信号的特征参数，送入RBF（Radial Basis Function）网络，按照样本距离最小的原则进行聚类，利用RBF网络的快速收敛性和较好的自适应性，实现对无线电信号的识别.仿真结果表明，采用小波与神经网络相结合的分类方法，能获得满意的识别率。     

Quasi-periodic radio frequency fluctuations in the circumsolar plasma observed during radio sounding experiments

Experimental radio sounding data of the circumsolar plasma, recorded with the help of the Ulysses, Mars Express, Venus Express, and Rosetta spacecraft, have been systematically analyzed. These data were processed via spectral and correlation methods with the aim of detecting quasi-periodic frequency fluctuations. Integral wavelet spectra have been constructed for the purpose of identifying periodic radio frequency fluctuations at different periods. Comparative analysis of the methods for detecting the quasi-periodic disturbances of the radio frequency in the circumsolar plasma has been carried out. It is demonstrated that frequency fluctuations with periods of 1–80 min are observed regularly in radio sounding experiments of the solar wind plasma.     

Quantifying proprioceptive reflexes during position control of the human arm

This study aimed to analyse the dynamic properties of the muscle spindle feedback system of shoulder muscles during a posture task. External continuous force disturbances were applied at the hand while subjects had to minimize their hand displacements. The results were analysed using two frequency response functions (FRFs) from which the model parameters were derived, being 1) the mechanical admittance and 2) the reflexive impedance. These FRFs were analysed by a neuromusculoskeletal model that implicitly separates the reflexive feedback properties (position, velocity and acceleration feedback gains) from intrinsic muscle visco-elasticity. The results show substantial changes in estimated reflex gains under conditions of variable bandwidth of the applied force disturbance or variable degrees of external damping. Position and velocity feedback gains were relatively larger when the force disturbance contained only low frequencies. With increasing damping of the environment, acceleration feedback gain decreased, velocity feedback gain remained almost constant and position feedback gain increased. It is concluded that under the aforementioned circumstances, the reflex system increases its gains to maximize the mechanical resistance to external force disturbances while preserving sufficient stability.     

大气气柱内水汽总含量的红外光谱遥测

我们研制了一台太阳红外光谱仪,在地面连续自动地记录了晴天的太阳红外光谱,利用3．434μm（2912cm^-1）波段附近水汽对太阳光谱的吸收反演出整层大气中水汽的总含量,遥测结果与无线电探空相当吻合,经过近一年半的观测,得到了合肥地区垂直气柱中可降水含量的日变化和季节变化规律,并发现气柱中可降水含量与地面露点温度有较好的相关,并对结果进行了讨论。     

基于小波变换的苹果汁多光程近红外光谱信息提取研究

利用浸入式光纤采集鲜榨苹果汁分别在5mm、10mm、15mm和20mm光程下的透/反射近红外光谱,实现对苹果汁中糖度(可溶性固形物,SSC)和酸度(pH值)的定量预测.结果表明,SSC和pH具有不同的最佳光程长,分别为5mm和20mm.为了兼顾各待测量对象的浓度范围和各组分的最佳光程长,从而提高模型的性能,采用多光程光谱混合建模,研究了多光程光谱信息的提取方法.采用原始光谱直接展开所建的模型虽然能有效利用多光程光谱的信息,但增加了模型复杂度,致使建模时间增长.因此,提出了两种基于小波变换的信息提取方法,它们在高效提取多光程信息的同时,能显著缩短建模时间并简化模型.其中基于展开光谱的小波近似系数建立的模型性能最优,SSC和pH值模型的SECV值分别达到0.4761oBrix和0.0779.     

Mexico 草帽小波与电离层CT反演

电离层ＣＴ技术中由于数据采集系统的几何结构存在局限性,致使探测所得数据不导致其成为不完全数据重建问题。投影中的采样点不均匀,且由投影谱通过Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ中心切片原理组合而得的二维谱平面不完全可知,若要用变换方法重建成象,需要对其进行估计。     

小波变换分离太阳射电频谱图中的纤维结构

太阳射电爆发纤维精细结构是太阳射电爆发活动中一类重要的观测现象,利用二维小波变换对纤维精细结构动态频谱图进行处理,分离频谱图中的纤维结构。首先对原始频谱图实行多层小波变换,由低频分量重构原始图像,就可得到爆发的背景信息,令原始频谱图减去背景并经过阈值处理后,便可将原始频谱图中的纤维结构很好地分离出来。     

二维小波去噪在太阳射电数据处理中的应用

针对太阳射电数据的处理问题，对数据所含噪声，可以通过小波分解高频系数可以估计出其噪声强度。本文主要探讨二维小波方法在有关射电天文观测的数据消除噪声研究中的应用。     

Radial dependence of the level of amplitude fluctuations of spacecraft radio signals probing circumsolar plasma

The statistical characteristics of amplitude fluctuations of radio signals propagating through circumsolar plasma at various distances from the Sun are investigated during various phases of solar activity. Primary data obtained in large-scale series of radio-probing sessions are systemized. During these sessions, circumsolar plasma was probed with signals from spacecraft launched by Russia and other countries. It is found that the dependences of the relative level of amplitude fluctuations (scintillation index) on the solar-offset distance of a radio beam can be approximated with power functions with exponents depending on the heliocentric distance. When the distance between a probed region and the photosphere is large, this exponent is close to the value 1.5. As the Sun is approached, the exponent grows to a value of 1.8–2.05 reached at a heliocentric distance of about four solar radii. The scintillation index is calculated theoretically with allowance for the radial dependence of turbulence characteristics, such as the spectral index and outer scale.     

Orthogonal complex filter banks and wavelets: some properties anddesign

Previous wavelet research has primarily focused on real-valued wavelet bases. However, complex wavelet bases offer a number of potential advantageous properties. For example, it has been suggested that the complex Daubechies wavelet can be made symmetric. However, these papers always imply that if the complex basis has a symmetry property, then it must exhibit linear phase as well. In this paper, we prove that a linear-phase complex orthogonal wavelet does not exist. We study the implications of symmetry and linear phase for both complex and real-valued orthogonal wavelet bases. As a byproduct, we propose a method to obtain a complex orthogonal wavelet basis having the symmetry property and approximately linear phase. The numerical analysis of the phase response of various complex and real Daubechies wavelets is given. Both real and complex-symmetric orthogonal wavelet can only have symmetric amplitude spectra. It is often desired to have asymmetric amplitude spectra for processing general complex signals. Therefore, we propose a method to design general complex orthogonal perfect reconstruct filter banks (PRFBs) by a parameterization scheme. Design examples are given. It is shown that the amplitude spectra of the general complex conjugate quadrature filters (CQFs) can be asymmetric with respect the zero frequency. This method can be used to choose optimal complex orthogonal wavelet basis for processing complex signals such as in radar and sonar     

Effects of spectrum on the power rating of amorphous silicon photovoltaic devices

The effects of different spectra on the laboratory based performance evaluation of amorphous silicon solar cells is investigated using an opto‐electrical model which was developed specifically for this purpose. The aim is to quantify uncertainties in the calibration process. Two main uncertainties arise from the differences in the test spectrum and the standard spectrum. First, the mismatch between reference cells and the measured device, which is shown to be voltage dependent in the case of amorphous silicon devices. Second, the fill factor of the device is affected by different spectra. Different cell structures and states (specifically different i‐layer thickness and levels of degradation) for the different light sources are investigated in this work. These sources are different solar simulators, LED sources, Tungsten as well as the standard terrestrial AM1.5G radiation. It is shown that the performance cannot be evaluated by short circuit current alone. The voltage dependent quantum efficiency of p‐i‐n devices can introduce a mismatch in the P_MPP of 1% for 250 nm i‐layer devices in as prepared state, rising to up to 4% for the 600 nm i‐layer devices at degraded state. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design of perturbation signals for the estimation of proprioceptive reflexes

This study aimed to identify the functional contribution of reflexes to human motor control during posture maintenance. Continuous random force disturbances were applied at the hand while the subjects were instructed to minimize the deviation resulting from the force disturbances. The results were analyzed in the frequency domain with frequency response functions (FRFs). Two FRFs were evaluated: 1) the mechanical admittance and 2) the reflexive impedance, expressing the dynamic relation between position and muscle activation (assessed via electromyography, EMG). The reflexive impedance is a direct measure of the proprioceptive reflexes. To record all relevant dynamical characteristics of the arm, wide bandwidth signals were used as force disturbance. Distributing the power of the signal over fewer frequencies within the bandwidth improved the signal-to-noise-ratio SNR of the EMG recordings, facilitating reliable estimation of the reflexive impedance. The coherence indicated that the relation between force disturbance and EMG is linear under the given conditions and improved with the SNR. The method of designing disturbance signals and the estimation of the reflexive impedance are useful for studies aiming to quantify proprioceptive reflexes and to investigate its functionality.     

遗传算法优化小波阈值对水质光谱数据的去噪研究

针对紫外-可见光谱法水质检测系统易受到仪器本身和外界环境的噪声干扰, 所测得的光谱数据存在大量系 统和杂散光噪声的问题, 在对紫外-可见光谱法水质检测系统的噪声源分析的基础上提出将遗传算法应用于小波阈值 优化的去噪方法, 并与小波软阈值、 SG 平滑和中值滤波方法进行了对比。为评价去噪效果, 对同一浓度的邻苯二甲 酸氢钾标液的紫外-可见光谱数据进行去噪实验。在采用遗传算法选取小波最优阈值对标液进行去噪处理的同时, 还 采用传统小波软阈值去噪、 SG 平滑和中值滤波去噪作为对比。为验证该算法的实际可行性, 进一步用这四种方法对 某地排水沟和某污水处理厂排水口的实际水样光谱进行去噪处理。实验结果表明: 基于遗传算法的小波阈值去噪效 果良好, 相较于传统的小波软阈值去噪、 SG 平滑和中值滤波的方法, 信噪比分别提高了 2.2994、 5.7066、 2.6155 dB, 均方根误差分别减小了 0.0028、 0.0087、 0.0033, 峰值信噪比分别提高了 2.0837、 5.2569、 2.7375 dB。基于遗传算法 的小波阈值去噪算法不仅抑制了光谱数据中的噪声, 同时也提高了系统精度, 为紫外-可见光谱法水质光谱去噪处理提 供了一种新的解决办法。     

增光子相干态的小波变换

通过量子力学变换理论,结合有序算符内的积分技术,用于信号分析的小波变换可推广到增光子相干态的非经典量子特性研究中.结果表明,增光子相干态的小波变换谱除具有一般小波变换的特性外, 而且随着增光子数的逐渐增大,其对称性被破坏,不断有新的波峰出现.     

氧流量对TiO_2薄膜光电性质的影响

采用直流反应磁控溅射法在FTO基底上制备了TiO2薄膜,研究了在不同氧流量条件下TiO2薄膜的拉曼光谱、表面形貌和透射光谱,并将TiO2薄膜用N719染料进行敏化,制备了染料敏化太阳电池,测试了电池的I-V特性曲线。实验结果表明:随着氧流量的增加,电池的短路电流和光电转换效率先增加而后降低,在15cm3时达到最大;薄膜为锐钛矿和金红石的混合晶体结构;氧流量对薄膜的表面形貌影响不大,薄膜都表现出疏松多孔的表面结构。     

本征微晶硅薄膜的结构演变及其对太阳电池光伏性能的影响

采用高压射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)方法制备本征硅薄膜和n-i-P结构太阳电池,研究了氢稀释率对本征硅薄膜的电学特性和结构特性的影响.采用光发射谱(OES)和喇曼(Raman)散射光谱研究了处于过渡区的本征硅薄膜的纵向结构演变过程.结果表明:光发射谱和喇曼散射光谱可以作为研究硅薄膜的纵向结构演变有效手段.随着氢稀释率的增加,硅薄膜从非晶相向微晶相过渡时,其纵向结构的改变会严重影响硅薄膜太阳电池的光伏性能.     

基于小波特征的星系光谱分类

提出了一种新的星系光谱分类方法.首先,对原始光谱进行四级小波分解,选择主要包含谱线信息的第四级小波系数作为光谱的小波特征;然后,利用主分量分析对光谱的小波特征进行特征压缩,得到光谱的识别特征;最后,利用Fisher线性判别分析实现分类.该方法能够在红移值未知的情况下,对流量未定标的星系光谱进行识别.通过实验与其他几种分类方法进行了比较.实验结果表明,本文方法具有较强的鲁棒性,在流量未定标情况下的识别效果优于其他几种分类方法.     

Simultaneous determination of brilliant blue and indigotine by derivative fluorescence spectrometry combined with WT-RBFNN

The mixed solutions of brilliant blue and indigotine are prepared and the fluorescence spectra of them are experimentally measured. The serious overlapping spectra of brilliant blue and indigotine are solved by means of the first-derivative fluorescence spectrometry. The wavelet coefficients, obtained by compressing the spectral data using wavelet transformation (WT), are taken as inputs to establish the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). The neural network model can realize simultaneous determination of brilliant blue and indigotine, and the mean relative errors of both compounds are 1.84% and 1.26% , respectively.