封端型聚醚改性聚硅氧烷非离子表面活性剂的合成

以低含氢硅油、α-烯丙基聚醚等为原料,经烷基封端、硅氢加成等反应制备了封端型聚醚改性聚硅氧烷非离子表面活性剂,讨论了温度、催化剂以及聚醚结构等对封端率的影响。结果表明,采用以氢氧化钠和碳酸钠制备的缓释性复合碱为催化剂的一步法封端工艺,在反应温度25~65℃条件下,α-烯丙基聚醚的烷基封端率可达85%以上。封端型聚醚改性有机硅表面活性剂可用于单组分聚氨酯密封胶、高回弹和软质聚氨酯泡沫的泡沫稳定剂。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Nonionic Bolaamphiphiles

A series of nonionic bolaamphiphiles were synthesized from the reaction of fluoroalkylene (dimercaptoacetates) with maleate crown ethers. Surface activity of the new surfactants was evaluated on the basis of surface tension measurements. The new fluorinated bolamphiphiles exhibit a remarkable lowering of surface tension in comparison with nonfluorinated analogues.     

木质素聚醚非离子表面活性剂的合成及性能

用从造纸废液中提取的针叶碱木素为原料,先与环氧氯丙烷在７６℃下反应４ｈ生成木素醚,再与乙二醇、ＰＥＧ２００（聚乙二醇２００）、ＰＥＧ４００反应合成了木质素聚醚非离子表面活性剂。确定了由中间体木素醚合成产品的最佳工艺条件为：醚醇物质的量比为１：１．２,反应温度为１４５℃,反应时间为１．５￣８ｈ,测定了产品的红外光谱,并对其表面物性进行了研究。产品具有良好的降低水溶液表面张力的能力。并具有一定的乳化性     

无机盐对染料与非离子表面活性剂相互作用的影响

用光度法研究了对非离子表面活性剂ＴＸ－１００有盐溶、盐析作用的两种无机电解质（Ｎａ_２ ＳＯ_４和ＫＳＣＮ）对离子染料（漂蓝６Ｂ）与ＴＸ－１００相互作用的影响,得到了３种体系的相互作用常数 Ｋ及临界胶团浓度 ＣＭＣ。对于 ＥＣＡＢ＋ ＴＸ－ １００, ＥＣＡＢ＋ ＴＸ－ １００＋ Ｎａ_２ ＳＯ_４和 ＥＣＡＮ＋ ＴＸ－ １００＋ ＫＳＣＮ ３种体系,其 Ｋ值分别为 ２５５０, ７５３２和２４００ｄｍ_３· ｍｏｌ~（－１）; ＣＭＣ值分别为 ２． ５ × １０~（－４）,１．８７×１０~（－４）和１．８３×１０~（－４）ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ~（－３）。对所得结果作了合理解释。     

直链型偶氮苯聚氧乙烯醚稳泡剂的制备及表面活性

以4-羟基偶氮苯、1,2-二溴乙烷、PEG-600为原料,合成直链型偶氮苯聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂(PEP-600)。通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征了其结构,并测试了其表面活性。结果表明,PEP-600临界胶束浓度(CMC)为4.99×10~(–3) mol/L,在CMC处表面张力为48.09 mN/m,饱和吸附量为2.48×10~(–3) mmol/m~2,亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)为14.20。将PEP-600与0.1 g/L的十二烷基硫酸钠复配最大发泡比为12,泡沫半衰期为220s左右,直链型分子结构的PEP-600在泡沫液膜表面排列紧密,具有优异的起泡性能,可用作泡沫染整稳泡剂。     

Synthesis of Some Nonionic Polymeric Surfactants Based on Aminolized PET as Corrosion Inhibitors

The present work deals with the preparation of nonionic polymeric surfactants based on aminolytic degradation of PET by using diethanolamine (DEA) in the presence of Na-acetate as a catalyst to produce bis(4-hydroxyethylene)terephthalamide (B4HETA) monomer. The monomer produced was reacted with stearic acid and poly (ethylene glycol) with different number average molecular weights, namely 600, 2000 and 4000 gmol^?1, to produce nonionic polymeric surfactants having different hydrophile–hydrophobe balances. The molecular weights and polydispersity of the prepared surfactants were determined by the GPC technique. Surface tension as a function of concentration for different solutions of the prepared surfactants was measured at 298, 308, and 318 K to calculate surface and thermodynamic properties of the investigated compounds. Furthermore, corrosion inhibition efficiency of the investigated nonionic polymeric surfactants was thoroughly studied.     

阳/非离子水性环氧酯的合成与性能研究

采用环氧树脂、妥尔油脂肪酸、聚醚胺M2070、N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺(DMPDA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)合成了阳/非离子水性环氧酯。研究了阳/非离子亲水单体用量对乳液基本性能、粒径及其分布、涂膜性能的影响。结果表明:当阳离子用量为32 mmol/100 g树脂、非离子亲水单体用量为3.5 %时,乳液性能佳;涂膜性能良好,硬度可达H,附着力1级,耐水性168 h,耐酸性36 h,耐碱性36 h,耐冲击性50 cm。     

新型非离子型自乳化水性环氧树脂固化剂的合成与表征

采用十八胺与乙二醇二缩水甘油醚反应,制得一种两端为环氧基,中间氮原子上接有长疏水烷基链的功能性双环氧基化合物,再用脂三乙烯四胺对该化合物进行封端,制得一种非离子型水性环氧固化剂.研究表明:由于该固化剂具有疏水效果的长烷基链和亲水效果的羟基、胺基、醚键,从而使得该固化剂具有表面活性剂的结构.因此相对其他水性固化剂来讲,该固化剂不仅仅不需要采用中和剂就具有亲水性,且其对环氧树脂有良好的乳化效果.该固化剂与液体环氧树脂所制备的双组分室温固化涂膜性能优良,具有优异的铅笔硬度、耐冲击性和耐化学性.同时该固化剂含有较长的柔性烷基链,所以固化后的环氧树脂将有较好的柔韧性.     

Application of Counter-Current Solvent Extraction to the Separation of Naphthalene and Nonionic Surfactants

This study conducted counter-current solvent extraction to investigate the influence of solvent/solution volumetric ratio, solvent flow rate, and surfactant concentration on extraction efficiency. Fitting formulas for predicting the partition coefficients of the contaminant and surfactant between the aqueous and solvent phases were developed to optimize the counter-current solvent extraction. It is found that the solvent/solution volumetric ratio and the surfactant concentration had greater impact than the solvent flow rate on the extraction efficiency. The relationship between the partition coefficient K and the solvent/solution volumetric ratio or surfactant concentration was closely related to power function. Besides, the accuracy of the fitting formulas was consistent with the experimental results.     

(2-羟基-3-脱氢枞氧基)丙基羟乙基壳聚糖制备及性能研究

以羟乙基壳聚糖和脱氢枞基缩水甘油醚为原料制备了非离子高分子表面活性剂(2-羟基-3-脱氢枞氧基)丙基羟乙基壳聚糖(DAGE-g-HECTS),测定了FT-IR、~1H NMR和接枝度(DG),采用表面张力法研究了DAGE-gHECTS的表面活性及其随DG的变化,以DAGE-g-HECTS为稳定剂时的苯-水乳液体系的稳定时间评价了其乳化性能。结果表明,反应成功制备了目标产物;随着DG从17.78%提高至44.31%,DAGE-g-HECTS水溶液的临界胶束浓度从1.080 6降至0.247 2 g/L,最低表面张力稳定在36.2 mN/m左右;DAGE-g-HECTS对苯-水乳液体系的稳定时间随DG的增大而延长,DG为23.16%的DAGE-g-HECTS对苯-水乳液体系的稳定时间为348 s,优于AEO-9为稳定剂时的327 s,DG为40.45%的DAGE-g-HECTS对苯-水乳液的稳定时间为712 s,优于Tween-60为乳液稳定剂时的653 s。     

改性松香基非离子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以松香和聚甘油为原料,合成了一种松香基非离子表面活性剂,得到不同甘油聚合度的产物。得到的松香基非离子表面活性剂的表面物化性能为:表面张力44 2～49 6mN/m;临界胶束浓度8 0×10-4～25 6×10-4mol/L;钙皂分散指数13 5%～21 5%;界面张力11 7～18 9mN/m;乳化力44～85s;泡沫性能6～46mm;润湿力87～121s。并对甘油聚合度和产物表面性能的关系进行了考察。     

一种非离子表面活性剂合成工艺的研究

以硝酸镁晶体和硝酸铝晶体为原料,在弱碱性条件下,通过共沉淀法合成出具有水滑石类结构的含Mg-Al基复合物酸/碱双活性位催化剂。该催化剂经过花生酸改性后,用XRD、NH_3-TPD和CO_2-TPD测试表征发现,改性后的催化剂相比未改性的在性能方面有明显提高。通过固定床反应器对醋酸丁酯的乙氧基化催化工艺进行了研究,结果表明自制Mg-Al基复合物酸/碱双活性位催化剂经过花生酸改性后反应活性明显提高,产物乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯1-EBAC和2-EBAC含量显著增大,产品分布变窄。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfanilamide-Based Nonionic Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Nano-Vesicular Drug Loading Application

Nonionic surfactants are highly stable and cost-effective and receiving acceptance for applications in many diverse fields including drug delivery, due to their distinctive properties. Here, we report on the synthesis and characterization of sulfanilamide-based nonionic surfactants for nanoscale vesicular drug loading applications. Nonionic surfactants were synthesized through alkylation of sulfanilamide with alkyl halides that possessed diverse degrees of lipophilicity. They were explored for their nanovesicular drug loading with Cefixime as a hydrophobic model drug. Drug-loaded nanovesicles were characterized for surface morphologies, size, size distribution, surface charge, and drug loading efficiency using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV–visible spectrophotometry. All of the synthesized nonionic surfactants revealed their CMC values in 0.055–0.035 mM range depending upon the lipophilic chain length of surfactants. They caused a decreased hemoglobin release and low toxicity against cell culture. They self-assembled and loaded an increased amount of drug in the form of nanorange spherical shape niosomal vesicles. Results of the current study verify these synthesized nonionic surfactants are hemocompatible, nontoxic, and capable of self-assembling into nanorange niosomal vesicles. These niosomal vesicles can be suggested as safe and highly efficient nanocarriers for hydrophobic drug loading and delivery.     

非离子表面活性剂在液体染料制备中的稳定及增溶作用

对加入聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂的液体C·I·碱性橙2的紫外可见吸收光谱进行了研究,结果表明,随着表面活性剂浓度的变化,碱性橙在最大吸收波长处的吸光度值先增大后减小,出现最大值时所对应的表面活性剂浓度对液体染料碱性橙的增溶效果最好。     

新型n-SAA木糖醇酯的合成与应用

合成了新型非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯木糖醇酯,并用ＩＲ、ＮＭＲ对其进行了表征。制剂试验表明,所合成产物为良好的强力乳化剂;生理、药理试验表明,其无毒、无副作用,可用做医药、食品、化妆品的添加剂。     

醇醚多糖苷产品的制备及其性能测试

以自制的醇醚和葡萄糖为原料制备了醇醚多糖苷产品,对其进行了基本物化性能测定,并与C12~14烷基多糖苷(C12~14APG)的物化性能作了对比分析。结果表明,醇醚多糖苷产品具有优良性能,表面张力29.95 mN/m、润湿力7.05 s、乳化力5.65 min及优良的起泡力和泡沫稳定性,还具有良好的低温水溶性。     

Surface Properties and Solubility Enhancement of Anionic/Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures Based on Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants

As a class of novel surfactants, Gemini surfactants usually exhibit fairly excellent interfacial properties in aqueous solutions on account of the unique structure. They have significant application and development potential for industrial production. However, the mixing properties of Gemini surfactants with conventional surfactants are the key to their application. The equilibrium surface tension curves of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures based on the sulfonate Gemini surfactant (SGS-12) were measured using the Wilhelmy Plate method. The parameters of surface adsorption, the interaction parameters between anionic and nonionic surfactants, and the thermodynamic parameters of micelle formation were calculated from the corresponding equations. In addition, the dynamic surface tension (DST) curves of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures were examined through bubble profile analysis, and the diffusion performance parameters were acquired from empirical formulas. The solubilization of pyrene in micelle solutions was studied using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the interaction parameters of all anionic/nonionic surfactants are negative, indicating that there is a synergistic effect on reducing the surface tension. For the SGS-12/OP-10, SGS-12/Tween 80, SGS-12/AEO9, and SGS-12/APG0810 mixtures, the optimum mixing ratios are 6:4, 7:3, 7:3, and 8:2, respectively. The thermodynamic data of micelles show that the formation of mixed micelles for SGS-12/APG0810 mixtures is an enthalpy-driven process. The tendency of DST curves of the SGS-12/APG0810 mixture is similar to that of SGS-12. In comparison with single-surfactant solutions, the anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures show stronger solubilization capacity toward pyrene.     

PEG-Gemini型非离子表面活性剂的合成及应用

以1,12-十二醇、油酸、聚乙二醇（300，400，600，800，1000）为原料合成一系列Gemini型非离子表面活性剂，并采用IR，NMR对产物进行了结构确证。为了评估Gemini型非离子表面活性剂作为注射用增溶辅料的有效性，在表面张力、增溶性以及溶血活性等方面与Tween 80进行了比较。结果表明：二-9(8)PEG1000, 二-8(9)-羟基-十八烷酸十二烷基二醇二酯（PODD-1000）的安全有效指数是Tween-80的13倍，更适用于作为注射剂的增溶辅料。     

烷基葡糖酰胺的合成和性能

综述了N-烷基葡糖酰胺（NAGA）的合成和性能，NAGA是一种带有阴离子性质的新型非离子表面活性剂，它是由N-烷基胺、葡萄糖和脂肪酸酯为原料合成制得。葡萄糖和N-烷基胺在10℃～50℃先加成，再在镍催化下于40℃～80℃下加氢制得N-烷基葡糖胺。N-烷基葡糖胺与脂肪酸酯在碱催化下反应生成NAGA。NAGA与烷基多苷相似，具有优良的表面活性，并可通过脂肪酸和N原子取代基调整其性能。