十八烷基己基甲基羧基甜菜碱的合成及性能

以硬脂酸和己酸为原料合成了不对称双长链烷基羧基甜菜碱——十八烷基己基甲基羧基甜菜碱(C18+6B),测定了C18+6B的表面活性,并与总碳原子数相等的对称型双十二烷基甲基羧基甜菜碱(di C12B)进行比较,以了解表面活性剂分子结构对性能的影响。结果表明,C18+6B的表面活性与di C12B基本相当,但水溶性远好于di C12B。作为无碱驱油用表面活性剂,C18+6B对大庆原油来说HLB值略偏高,45℃下单独使用能将大庆原油/地层水界面张力降至10-2m N/m数量级,在大庆油砂上的饱和吸附量比di C12B低30%。C18+6B单独能将C7~C9正构烷烃/大庆地层水界面张力降至10-3m N/m数量级,而通过与亲油性更强的di C12B以及亲水性甜菜碱复配后,能将大庆原油/地层水界面张力降至10-3m N/m数量级,并能显著改善配方的水溶性。     

十八烷基己基甲基羧基甜菜碱的合成及性能

以硬脂酸和己酸为原料合成了不对称双长链烷基羧基甜菜碱——十八烷基己基甲基羧基甜菜碱(C18+6B),测定了C18+6B的表面活性,并与总碳原子数相等的对称型双十二烷基甲基羧基甜菜碱(diC12B)进行比较,以了解表面活性剂分子结构对性能的影响。结果表明,C18+6B的表面活性与diC12B基本相当,但水溶性远好于diC12B。作为无碱驱油用表面活性剂,C18+6B对大庆原油来说HLB值略偏高,45 ℃ 下单独使用能将大庆原油/地层水界面张力降至10-2mN/m数量级,在大庆油砂上的饱和吸附量比diC12B低30%。C18+6B单独能将C7~C9正构烷烃/大庆地层水界面张力降至10-3mN/m数量级,而通过与亲油性更强的diC12B以及亲水性甜菜碱复配后,能将大庆原油/地层水界面张力降至10-3mN/m数量级,并能显著改善配方的水溶性。     

A New Type of Sulfobetaine Surfactant with Double Alkyl Polyoxyethylene Ether Chains for Enhanced Oil Recovery

A new type of sulfobetaine with double alkyl polyoxyethylene (n) ether chains, dicoconut oil alcohol polyoxethylene (n) ether methylhydroxylpropyl sulfobetaine (diC_12–14E _n HSB) was synthesized using a commercial nonionic surfactant, coconut oil alcohol polyoxethylene (n) ether, as raw material and its properties as a surfactant for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in the absence of alkali was studied. The purified product is a mixture of homologues with mainly C₁₂/C₁₂, C₁₂/C₁₄ and C₁₄/C₁₄ alkyl chains and widely distributed EO chains (n = 2.2 on average) with an average molar mass of 742.6 g/mol. The diC_12–14E_2.2HSB has an improved aqueous solubility at 25 °C compared with didodecylmethylhydroxylpropyl sulfobetaine (diC₁₂HSB), a homologue without an EO chain, and is highly surface active as reflected by its low CMC (4.6 × 10^?6 mol/L), high saturated adsorption (6.8 × 10^?10 mol/cm²) and small cross sectional area (0.24 nm²/molec.) at the air/water interface. With a hydrophile–lipophile balance well matched with Daqing crude oil/connate water system, the sulfobetaine can reduce Daqing crude oil/connate water interfacial tension to ultra-low values at 45 °C in the absence of alkali, and displays a low saturated adsorption at the sandstone/water interface (0.0024 mmol/g), reduced by 69 and 92 % respectively in comparison with that of the corresponding carboxyl betaine, diC_12–14E_2.2B and its homologue without an EO chain, didodecylmethylcarboxyl betaine (diC₁₂B). With these excellent properties diC_12–14E_2.2HSB gives a high tertiary recovery, 18.4 % original oil in place, when mixed with other hydrophobic and hydrophilic sulfobetaines in surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding free of alkali. The insertion of EO chains in combination with the replacement of carboxyl betaine by sulfobetaine is therefore very efficient for improving the properties of the double chain hydrophobic carboxyl betaines as surfactants for SP flooding free of alkali.     

双-十二醇聚氧乙烯醚甲基羧基甜菜碱的合成及性能

双十二烷基甲基甜菜碱(diC₁₂B)是一种优良的无碱驱油用表面活性剂,但由于亲油性太强,在水中的溶解性较差,并且在油砂表面具有较大的吸附量。本文试图在diC₁₂B分子中引入EO基团,以改善其性能。为此以溴代十二烷和三缩四乙二醇为原料合成了单分布的十二醇聚氧乙烯(4)醚,再经氯代并与一甲胺和氯乙酸锂反应,最终合成了双十二醇聚氧乙烯(4)醚甲基羧基甜菜碱(diC₁₂EO₄B)。产物经核磁和质谱表征,证明与目标产物的分子结构相符。与diC₁₂B相比,diC₁₂EO₄B在水中的溶解度显著增加,25℃时达到1.5×10^-4mol/L,是diC₁₂B 的3倍左右,45℃下在石英砂/水界面的饱和吸附量是diC₁₂B的70%左右。diC₁₂EO₄B保留了diC₁₂B的高表面活性,如较低的临界胶束浓度,1.6×10^-5mol/L;较高的降低表面张力的效能,g_cmc=29.3mN/m;在空气/水界面具有较大的饱和吸附量,6.5×10^-10mol/cm²;和较小的分子截面积,0.26nm²。diC₁₂EO₄B具有优良的降低油/水界面张力的能力,45℃下单独能将大庆地层水/C₇~C₉正构烷烃界面张力降至10^-3mN/m数量级,将大庆原油/地层水的界面张力降至10^-2mN/m数量级。通过与亲油性表面活性剂diC₁₂B以及C₁₆B复配,能在0.0625~5mmol/L总浓度范围内将大庆原油/地层水的界面张力降至10^-3mN/m数量级,无需加入任何碱或电解质。     

Effects of Polyether Surfactants on Dynamic Interfacial Tension of Betaine Solutions against Crude Oil

The dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) of betaine and betaine/polyether‐nonionic surfactant‐mixed systems against hydrocarbons, kerosene, and crude oil–water was studied using a spinning‐drop tensiometer. The influence of average molecular weight of polyether‐nonionic surfactants on IFT of mixed solutions was investigated. On the basis of the experimental results, one can find that it is difficult to reach the ultralow IFT value for betaine solution against hydrocarbon and kerosene because of the mismatch between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. After purification, kerosene still contains a small amount of carboxyl groups, which can exert a synergistic effect on surfactants resulting in a lower IFT. The IFT of betaine and mixtures against Daqing crude oil can reach an ultralow value because of the mixed adsorption of surfactant and petroleum soap molecules. For mixed solutions, with the increasing concentration of added polyether, the decrease of petroleum soaps at the oil–water interface results in the destruction of synergistic effects.     

高分子表面活性剂与原油形成超低界面张力的研究

对ＡＭ－ＡＯＰ_ｎ和ＣＭＣ－ＡＲ１２ＥＯ_ｎ两类高分子表面活性剂与原油形成超低界面张力的研究结果表明,加碱复配后,ＡＭ－ ＡＯＰ_ｎ和 ＣＭＣ－ ＡＲ_１２ＥＯ_ｎ与大庆原油的界面张力分别可达 ２．６ ×１０~（－３）ｍＮ／ｍ和 ３．２ｘ １０~（－３）ｍＮ／ｍ。显微观察表明,碱使胶束解缔是界面张力降低的主要因素。     

Dialkyl Sulfobetaine Surfactants Derived from Guerbet Alcohol Polyoxypropylene–Polyoxyethylene Ethers for SP Flooding of High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs

Dialkyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (HSB) surfactants, C₁₆GA-(PO)₅-(EO)₃-HSB and C₂₄GA-(PO)₁₀-(EO)₁₀-HSB, were synthesized from Guerbet alcohols (GA) polyoxypropylene–polyoxyethylene (PO-EO) ethers and their behaviors in surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding of high temperature and high salinity reservoirs were examined and compared with their anionic hydroxypropyl sulfonate (HS) counterparts, C₁₆GA-(PO)₅-(EO)₃-HS and C₂₄GA-(PO)₁₀-(EO)₁₀-HS. The PO-EO chain embedded improves their aqueous solubility, and the sulfobetaines show better salt resistance than sulfonates. For a reservoir condition of total salinity 19,640 mg L⁻¹ and 60–80°C, C₁₆GA-(PO)₅-(EO)₃-HSB alone can reduce crude oil/connate water interfacial tension (IFT) to ultralow at 0.25–5 mM, which can be further widened to 0.1–5 mM by mixing with dodecylhexyl (C₁₂₊₆) glyceryl ether hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (C₁₂₊₆GE-HSB), a slightly hydrophobic surfactant. C₂₄GA-(PO)₁₀-(EO)₁₀-HSB is more hydrophobic for the specified reservoir condition, however, by mixing with hexadecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (C₁₆HSB), a hydrophilic surfactant, ultralow IFT can also be achieved at a total concentration of 0.25–5 mM. The anionic counterparts can also reduce IFT to ultralow by mixing with C₁₂₊₆GE-HSB and C₁₆HSB, respectively. Moreover, the optimum binary mixture, C₁₆GA-(PO)₅-(EO)₃-HSB/C₁₂₊₆GE-HSB at a molar fraction ratio of 0.6/0.4, can keep the negatively charged solid surface water-wet (θ_w = 12–23°) in a wide concentration range, and can still achieve ultralow IFT after stored at 90°C for 90 days (initially 5 mM), which overall are favor of improving oil displacement efficiency at high temperature and high salinity reservoir conditions.     

A new zwitterionic surfactant with high interfacial activity and high salt tolerance derived from methyl oleate through an eco-friendly aryl-introducing method

Surfactants, that can reduce the interfacial tension between crude oil and formation water to ultra-low, are needed in tertiary oil recovery. A bio-based zwitterionic surfactant, N-phenylpropanaldehyde epoxy acetal octadecanoicamido propyl-N, N-dimethyl hydroxy sulfonate (PADS), was derived from methyl oleate. In the process of synthesizing PADS, a new reactive site was introduced by epoxidizing methyl oleate and then the benzene ring was introduced by acetalization, which was a greener new method of introducing benzene ring into hydrophobic chains of surfactants. PADS was identified by ESI-MS and NMR, and its interfacial activity was measured by interfacial tensiometer. The results showed that PADS possessed excellent interfacial activity and potential for low-dose application. Under alkali-free conditions, it could reduce the interfacial tension between crude oil and simulated formation water to ultra-low in a wide concentration range (0.005–3 g/L). In addition, although the NaCl concentration was 230 g/L in the system, PADS still had good interfacial activity and could maintain ultra-low oil–water interfacial tension. The protocol of epoxidation and acetalization provides a new feasible path to preparing bio-based surfactants with high interfacial activity.     

复合碱、盐多元驱各组分对油水界面张力和稠油黏度的影响

无机盐,混合碱NaOH、Na2CO3,阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES),聚合物聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),经过混合组成多元驱。通过实验探讨了该多元驱中各个组分的用量对油水界面张力和稠油黏度的影响,优化了该多元驱中各个组分的含量。实验得出,无机盐的加入可以显著地降低界面张力和稠油黏度。当多元驱中无机盐、混合碱和表面活性剂的质量分数分别为51.87%,40.17%,6.99%,聚合物质量浓度为800 mg/L,配成质量分数为1%的水溶液,加热到50℃,油水质量比7∶3混合后,可使新疆克拉玛依地区红浅稠油黏度从23690 mPa.s降到84.83 mPa.s,降黏率达到99.64%,体系界面张力达到0.07499mN/m。室内评价表明,该多元驱可使新疆克拉玛依地区9#红浅稠油降黏率达到92%。多元驱中无机盐的质量分数超过50%,大大降低了成本。     

Synthesis of Didodecylmethylcarboxyl Betaine and Its Application in Surfactant–Polymer Flooding

Enhanced crude oil recovery by chemical flooding has been a main measure for postponing the overall decline of crude oil output in China, and surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding may replace alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding in the future for avoiding the undesired effects of using alkali. In this paper the synthesis of a surfactant with a large hydrophobe, didodecylmethylcarboxyl betaine (diC₁₂B), and its adaptability in SP flooding were investigated. The results show that diC₁₂B can be synthesized by reaction of didodecylmethyl amine, a product commercially available, with chloroacetic acid in the presence of NaOH, with a resulting yield as high as 80?wt% under appropriate conditions. With double dodecyl chain diC₁₂B is highly surface active as displayed by its low CMC, 3.7?×?10^?6?mol?L^?1, low ??_CMC, 27?mNm^?1, as well as high adsorption and small cross section area (??0.25?nm²) at both air/water and oil/water interfaces at 25?°C. By mixing with conventional hydrophilic surfactants diC₁₂B can be well dissolved in Daqing connate water and reduce the Daqing crude oil/connate water interfacial tension to about 10^?3?mN?m^?1 at 45?°C in a wide total surfactant concentration range, from 0.01 to 0.5 wt%. And a tertiary oil recovery, 18?±?1.5?% OOIP, can been achieved by SP flooding using natural cores without adding any alkaline agent or neutral electrolyte. DiC₁₂B seems thus to be a good surfactant for enhanced oil recovery by SP flooding.     

表面活性剂同系物体系对原油界面张力的影响

分别从表面活性剂的亲油性和亲水性的二种性能 ,研究了复配型表面活性剂的性能及规律。在表面活性剂同系物复配的研究中 ,得出相对分子质量分布窄的表面活性剂不能与原油形成低的界面张力 ,但两种以上相对分子质量分布窄的表面活性剂按一定比例混合后 ,则可以与大庆原油形成超低界面张力。形成超低界面张力的表面活性剂平均当量范围为 410～ 430 ,相对分子质量、碱浓度和界面张力三者之间有一定规律 ,即表面活性剂平均相对分子质量增加 ,界面张力曲线向低浓度碱方向移动 ;平均相对分子质量降低 ,界面张力曲线向高浓度碱方向移动。相对分子质量分布是影响界面张力的又一因素 ,表面活性剂相对分子质量分布、原油中的碳数分布和界面张力可能存在某种特定联系。支链对降低界面张力方面比直链有更好的效果 ,表面活性剂相对分子质量越高 ,则油砂对其吸附量越大     

Synergistic Effects between Anionic and Sulfobetaine Surfactants for Stabilization of Foams Tolerant to Crude Oil in Foam Flooding

In foam flooding, foams stabilized by conventional surfactants are usually unstable in contacting with crude oil, which behaves as a strong defoaming agent. In this article, synergistic effects between different surfactants were utilized to improve foam stability against crude oil. Targeted to reservoir conditions of Daqing crude oil field, China (45 °C, salinity of 6778 mg L⁻¹, pH = 8–9), foams stabilized by typical anionic surfactants fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) show low composite foam index (200–500 L s) and low oil tolerance index (0.1–0.2). However, the foam stability can be significantly improved by mixing the anionic surfactant with a sulfobetaine surfactant, which behaves as a foam stabilizer increasing the half-life of foams, and those with longer alkyl chain behave better. As an example, by mixing AES and SDS with hexadecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (C₁₆HSB) at a molar fraction of 0.2 (referring to total surfactant, not including water), the maximum composite foaming index and oil tolerance index can be increased to 3000/5000 L s and 1.0/4.0, respectively, at a total concentration between 3 and 5 mM. The attractive interaction between the different surfactants in a mixed monolayer as reflected by the negative β^s parameter is responsible for the enhancement of the foam stabilization, which resulted in lower interfacial tensions and therefore negative enter (E), spreading (S), and bridging (B) coefficients of the oil. The oil is then emulsified as tiny droplets dispersed in lamellae, giving very stable pseudoemulsion films inhibiting rupture of the bubble films. This made it possible to utilize typical conventional anionic surfactants as foaming agents in foam flooding.     

Progress in research of sulfobetaine surfactants used in tertiary oil recovery

The synthesis of sulfobetaine surfactants and their application in tertiary oil recovery (TOR) are summarized in this paper. The synthesis of sulfobetaine surfactants was classified into three categories of single hydrophobic chain sulfobetaine surfactants, double hydrophobic chain sulfobetaine surfactants and Gemini sulfobetaine surfactants for review. Their application in TOR was classified into surfactant flooding, microemulsion flooding, surfactant/polymer (SP) flooding and foam flooding for review. The sulfonated betaine surfactants have good temperature resistance and salt tolerance, low critical micelle concentration (cmc) and surface tension corresponding to critical micelle concentration (γ_cmc), good foaming properties and wettability, low absorption, ultralow interfacial tension of oil/water, and excellent compatibility with other surfactants and polymers. Sulfobetaine surfactants with ethoxyl structures, hydroxyl and unsaturated bonds, and Gemini sulfobetaine surfactants will become an important direction for tertiary oil recovery because they have better interfacial activity in high-temperature (≥90°C) and high-salinity (≥10⁴ mg/L) reservoirs. Some problems existing in the synthesis and practical application were also reviewed.     

XSY-11双子表面活性剂提高采收率应用研究

通过测定双子表面活性剂与原油的界面张力,发现双子表面活性剂在缺碱的条件下,也可以使油水界面张力降低至超低的能力,证明了其对碱的依赖性较小,优于普通表面活性剂.单独使用双子表面活性剂或者与其他表面活性剂协同使用,均可以使多种原油-水界面张力降低至超低范围.对双子表面活性剂溶液浓度等因素对油水界面张力的影响程度进行了分析.发现双子表面活性剂降低油水界面张力的能力主要与表面活性剂和油的性质密切相关.研究了其界面张力行为,发现双子表面活性剂具有比普通表面活性剂较高的界面活性,并且与盐具有很好的协同性,可以在较宽的盐度和表面活性剂浓度范围内降低油水界面张力至超低范围.     

A Star-Shaped Anionic Surfactant: Synthesis,Alkalinity Resistance,Interfacial Tension and Emulsification Properties at the Crude Oil–Water Interface

In this research, a star‐shaped surfactant was synthesized through the chlorination reaction, alkylation reaction and sulfonation reaction of triethanolamine, which is composed of three hydrophobic chains and three sulfonate hydrophilic groups. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant was measured by the surface tension method, and the results showed that it had high surface activity with CMC of 5.53 × 10^?5 mol/L. The surfactant was superior in surface active properties to the reference surfactants SDBS and DADS‐C₁₂. The interfacial tension (IFT) of the studied crude oil–water system (surfactant concentration 0.1 g/L, NaOH concentration 0.5 g/L, and experimental temperature 50 °C) dropped to 1.1 × 10^?4 mN/m, which can fulfil the requirement of surfactants for oil displacement. An aqueous solution of the surfactant and crude oil was emulsified by shaking, which formed a highly stable oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion with particle size of 5–20 μm. The oil displacement effect was almost 12%.     

Interfacial properties of cationic and anionic Gemini surfactant mixtures

The possibility and the prospect of cationic/anionic (“catanionic”) surfactant mixtures based on sulfonate Gemini surfactant (SGS) and bisquaternary ammonium salt (BQAS) in the field of enhanced oil recovery was investigated. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SGS/BQAS surfactant mixtures was 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L, 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than neat BQAS or SGS. A solution of either neat SGS or BQAS, could not reach an ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT); but 1:1 mol/mol mixtures of SGS/BQAS reduced the IFT to 1.0 × 10⁻³ mN/m at 100 mg/L. For the studied surfactant concentrations, all mixtures exhibited the lowest IFT when the molar fraction of SGS among the surfactant equaled 0.5, indicating optimal conditions for interfacial activity. The IFT between the 1:1 mol/mol SGS/BQAS mixtures and crude oil decreased and then increased with the NaCl and CaCl₂ concentrations. When the total surfactant concentration was above 50 mg/L, the IFT of SGS/BQAS mixtures was below 0.01 mN/m at the studied NaCl concentrations. Adding inorganic salt reduced the charges of hydrophilic head groups, thereby making the interfacial arrangement more compact. At the NaCl concentration was above 40,000 mg/L, surfactant molecules moved from the liquid–liquid interface to the oil phase, thus resulting in low interfacial activity. In addition, inorganic salts decreased the attractive interactions of the SGS/BQAS micelles that form in water, decreasing the apparent hydrodynamic radius (D_{H, app}) of surfactant aggregates. When the total concentration of surfactants was above 50 mg/L, the IFT between the SGS/BQAS mixtures and crude oil decreased first and then increased with time. At different surfactant concentrations, the IFT of the SGS/BQAS mixtures attained the lowest values at different times. A high surfactant concentration helped surfactant molecules diffuse from the water phase to the interfacial layer, rapidly reducing the IFT. In conclusion, the cationic-anionic Gemini surfactant mixtures exhibit superior interfacial activity, which may promote the application of Gemini surfactant.     

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Fatty Amine Polyoxyethylene Ether Diethyl Disulfonate for Enhanced Oil Recovery in High‐Temperature and High‐Salinity Reservoirs

To enhance oil recovery in high‐temperature and high‐salinity reservoirs, a novel fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether diethyl disulfonate (FPDD) surfactant with excellent interfacial properties was synthesized. The interfacial tension (IFT) and contact angle at high temperature and high salinity were systematically investigated using an interface tension meter and a contact angle meter. According to the experimental results, the IFT between crude oil and high‐salinity brine water could reach an ultra‐low value of 10^?3 mN m^?1 without the aid of extra alkali at 90°C after aging. The FPDD surfactant has strong wettability alternation ability that shifts wettability from oil‐wet to water‐wet. The FPDD surfactant with a high concentration also has good emulsion ability under high‐temperature and high‐salinity conditions. Through this research work, we expect to fill the lack of surfactants for high‐temperature and high‐salinity reservoirs and broaden its great potential application area in enhanced oil recovery.     

稠油O/W型乳状液稳定性的研究

以大庆黑帝庙稠油为研究对象，依据稠油乳化降粘原理及O／W型乳状液的形成机制，考察了表面活性剂类型及添加量，碱的添加量，温度、油／水比、振荡方式等因素对稠油O／W型乳状液稳定性的影响。为筛选降粘剂复合配方及选择降低粘工艺提供了必要的基础数据。     

Novel alkyl methylnaphthalene sulfonate surfactants: A good candidate for enhanced oil recovery

The surface tensions of various surfactant aqueous solution and the dynamic interfacial tensions between the Shengli oil field of China crude oil and the solution of novel surfactants, a series of single-component alkylmethylnaphthalene sulfonates (AMNS) including various the length of alkyl chains (hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl, developed in our laboratory), were measured. It is found that synthesized surfactants exhibited great capability and efficiency of lowering the solution surface tension. The critical micelle concentrations, CMC were: 6.1–0.018×10⁻³ mol L⁻¹, and the surface tensions at CMC, γ_CMC were: 28.27–35.06 mN m⁻¹. It is also found that the added surfactants are greatly effective in reducing the interfacial tensions and can reduce the tensions of oil–water interface to ultra-low, even 10⁻⁶ mN m⁻¹ at very low surfactant concentration without alkali. The addition of salt, sodium chloride, results in more effectiveness of surfactant in reducing interfacial tension and shows that there exist obviously both synergism and antagonism between the surfactant and inorganic salt. All of the synthesized surfactants, except for hexyl methylnaphthalene sulfonate, can reduce the interfacial tension to ultra-low at an optimum surfactant concentration and salinity. Especially Tetradec-MNS surfactant is most efficient on lowering interfacial tension between oil and water without alkaline and the other additives at a 0.002 mass% of very low surfactant concentration. Both chromatogram separation of flooding and breakage of stratum are avoided effectively, in addition to the less expensive cost for enhanced oil recovery, and therefore it is a good candidate for enhanced oil recovery.     

羟磺基甜菜碱的界面性能研究

研究了羟磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂溶液与正构烷烃以及与沙特原油间的界面张力,系统考察了羟磺基甜菜碱的耐温性、耐盐性和稳定性。实验结果表明,羟磺基甜菜碱的等效烷烃碳数为12;随着NaCl质量分数的增加,羟磺基甜菜碱溶液与正构十二烷间的界面张力先下降再升高,并在NaCl质量分数为5%～7%时,体系能够达到超低界面张力;与沙特油田原油间的测试结果表明,质量分数为0.1%的羟磺基甜菜碱溶液在30～90℃和NaCl质量分数为2%～10%时均能达到超低界面张力,具有较高的界面活性,且在180 d内界面张力能够保持超低,稳定性良好。