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1.
ABSTRACT: Glucosinolates of broccoli and cauliflower florets were assessed to determine the effect of modified-atmosphere packaging on postharvest glucosinolate dynamics in mixed florets of Brassica vegetables. Mixed-packaged broccoli and cauliflower florets stored in food trays sealed with 2 different microperforated biaxial-oriented polypropylene films for up to 7 d at 8 °C were analyzed. Both applied modified atmospheres (1% O2 + 21% CO2 ; 8% O2 + 14% CO2 ) maintained aliphatic glucosinolates in cauliflower florets, whereas in broccoli florets, the aliphatic glucosinolate concentration decreased slightly in each modified atmosphere. In addition, total indole glucosinolate concentration for both broccoli and cauliflower florets was maintained, and even increased in cauliflower florets at 1% O2 + 21% CO2 due to rising neoglucobrassicin concentration. Thus, to simultaneously maintain glucosinolates and external appearance as well as to prevent off-odor, a modified atmosphere of 1% O2 + 21% CO2 provides a suitable environment for storage of this Brassica floret medley for up to 7 d at 8°C. 相似文献
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《食品工业科技》2013,(06):257-261
建立了从甜叶菊中提取药用辅料甜菊素的方法。以甜菊素的收率和含量为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交实验优化了乙醇提取工艺参数,提取液进一步纯化,并对其纯化步骤进行了优化和评价。实验结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为90%的乙醇(v/v)回流提取3次,第1次用8倍量乙醇提取2h,第2次用6倍量乙醇提取1.5h,第3次用5倍量乙醇提取1h;再经膜过滤,滤液以0.3BV/h的流速先后经过阳、阴离子交换树脂,分别用50%乙醇(v/v)溶液洗脱,最后用80%乙醇(v/v)醇沉24h,可得质量分数达95.0%以上的甜菊素。该工艺稳定可行,适合于工业化大生产。 相似文献
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目的:筛选对西兰花色素具有良好选择性的大孔树脂,并研究其动态吸附与解析性能。方法:通过静态吸附特性研究,以吸附率和解析率为指标,从5种不同型号的大孔吸附树脂中筛选出对西兰花色素选择性好的树脂,再进而考察各种工艺参数对树脂吸附及洗脱的影响。结果:AB-8对西兰花色素具有良好的选择性,静态及动态吸附及解析特性研究显示其最佳的纯化工艺参数为:上样液浓度2.5mg/mL、流速1.0mL/min、pH4.0、温度50℃;洗脱液采用体积分数80%的乙醇、流速1.0mL/min。采用此工艺条件,西兰花色素色价从23.7提高到91.7。结论:AB-8型大孔树脂对西兰花色素具有良好的吸附与解析性能,适用于西兰花色素的纯化。 相似文献
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Ana S Rodrigues Eduardo A
S Rosa 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1999,79(7):1028-1032
Broccoli is a very perishable vegetable with a high water content (around 88%) which leads to rapid dehydration and probably to an alteration in composition if conditions after harvest are not controlled. This study evaluates the glucosinolate pattern and glucosinolate levels in the principal and secondary inflorescences of fresh broccoli cv ‘Tokyodome’, and after being submitted to some situations which are likely to occur during or after harvest: room temperature (±20 °C) for 5 days, kept in the fridge at 4 °C for 5 days, and frozen after blanching. Another set of material was harvested 5 days later, simulating a post‐maturation stage, and analysed. The highest total glucosinolate content was found at commercial maturation with 20 888 and 20 355 µmoles kg−1 DW in the principal and secondary inflorescences, respectively. Keeping the inflorescences at room temperature caused the most significant (P < 0.05) reductions in total and individual glucosinolates, except for 4‐hydroxyindol‐3‐ylmethyl‐, 2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylethyl‐ and 2‐phenylethyl‐, when compared to the other situations. The highest levels (10 925 µmoles kg−1 DW) of 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl‐, the precursor of the anti‐cancer isothiocyanate sulphoraphane, were found in the inflorescences freshly harvested at commercial stage. Refrigeration at 4 °C and freezing were shown to be the best preservation processes for maintaining high levels of these and other glucosinolates in contrast with the other situations. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为探明花椰菜不同品种类型间营养成分及抗氧化活性差异及烹饪对其影响,采集白花菜、松花菜、青花菜以及罗马花椰菜四种花椰菜样品,检测其维生素C、总胡萝卜素、总黄酮、总酚等营养成分含量及其抗氧化活性,并研究水煮、蒸制、微波及清炒烹饪过程对其营养成分含量的影响。结果表明:花椰菜不同品种类型间营养成分及抗氧化活性具有较大差异,其中罗马花椰菜中维生素C、总胡萝卜素及总黄酮含量最高,分别为75.67 mg/100 g、39.24 μg/100 g以及4.34 mg RE/100 g。青花菜总酚含量最高,为38.04 mg GAE/100 g,总胡萝卜素及总黄酮含量仅次于罗马花椰菜,松花菜除总酚含量低于白花菜外,其它均高于白花菜;青花菜的DPPH及ABTS自由基清除能力均为最高,分别为68.40%和28.00%,罗马花椰菜次之,而白花菜和松花菜的FRAP还原能力较高,且二者差异不显著(P>0.05)。烹饪处理花椰菜对其营养成分及抗氧化活性具有不同影响,维生素C含量不同程度损失,总胡萝卜素既有损失又有提升,总黄酮和总酚含量整体为提升,DPPH及ABTS自由基清除能力提升,FRAP还原能力下降。不同烹饪处理中蒸制方式对于花椰菜营养成分及抗氧化活性保持或提升作用较好,其次为微波、水煮及清炒。本实验获得的花椰菜不同品种类型营养成分及抗氧化活性特点可为特定人群花椰菜消费以及烹饪方式选择提供依据,同时亦可为居民通过花椰菜饮食营养物质摄入风险评估提供基础数据。 相似文献
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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定5 个产地花椰菜和西兰花中的23 种酚酸类化合物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定花椰菜和西兰花样品中23种酚酸类化合物的方法。采用Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3色谱柱（2.1mm×150mm,1.8μm）分离,流动相为0.1%甲酸溶液（A）和0.1%甲酸-乙腈溶液（B）,梯度洗脱流速为0.3mL/min,柱温为45℃,选择电喷雾离子源,多反应监测负离子模式进行扫描分析。23种酚酸类化合物在1.0～500.0μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数（r2）均不低于0.992;方法精密度、重复性和稳定性良好,相对标准偏差均小于5.10%;加标回收率为81.32%～100.39%,相对标准偏差均不大于6.21%。采用所建立的方法对5个产地的花椰菜和西兰花中的酚酸类化合物进行测定。该方法分析时间短、灵敏度高且重复性好,适用于花椰菜、西兰花及其他果蔬中酚酸类化合物的同时测定。 相似文献
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本文以西兰花茎叶为原料,用煮沸法从中提取蛋白。蛋白粗提物经酶解制备,得到西兰花肽后用Valflow50超滤、Sephadex G-15分离纯化,通过细胞实验进行降血脂功能筛选,最后通过动物实验对其降血脂功能进行评价。结果表明,西兰花蛋白粗提物的蛋白质含量为49.6%,酶解可以增强西兰花蛋白的降血脂活性,分离组分G15-Ⅱ的体外降血脂功能最强。以400、200 mg/kg灌胃的大鼠血液总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)含量水平降低(P<0.01),同时400 mg/kg组的HDL-C含量提高(P<0.05),表明G15-Ⅱ具有降血脂作用。此研究可为西兰花的深度开发和综合利用提供基础数据和科学参考。 相似文献
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Diego A Moreno Carmen López‐Berenguer M. Carmen Martínez‐Ballesta Micaela Carvajal Cristina García‐Viguera 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2008,88(8):1472-1481
BACKGROUND: Variations in the contents of phytochemicals with biological activity in broccoli could originate as a result of genetic and environmental factors. An understanding of the effects of growth conditions on the bioactive compounds in broccoli is essential for improving its quality and nutritive value. Using salinity (40 mmol L?1 NaCl), and foliar sprayed compounds (methionine, tryptophan and chitosan) as different stress conditions, broccoli developed in soilless culture in the greenhouse was analysed for biologically active phytochemicals (glucosinolates, caffeoyl‐quinic, ferulic and sinapic derivatives and vitamin C). RESULTS: The application of elicitors during head formation could be beneficial for the enrichment in phytochemicals in broccoli. Management practices for increasing a given phytochemical (e.g., glucoraphanin or glucobrassicin) may be related to a decreased level of natural antioxidants (hydroxycinnamic acids). Growing broccoli hydroponically in the greenhouse in winter (Mediterranean climate) needs the supporting treatment of abiotic stress during development (i.e., NaCl, elicitors). CONCLUSION: The use of hydroponic growth conditions for broccoli and the application of stress factors (elicitors) at head induction and during development may serve the purpose of enhancing its nutritional quality to deliver a health‐promoting food. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
11.
Santiago Pérez‐Balibrea Diego A Moreno Cristina García‐Viguera 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2008,88(5):904-910
BACKGROUND: Broccoli (Brassicaceae) is a rich source of phytochemicals (glucosinolates and phenolic compounds) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Germinated broccoli sprouts contain much higher levels (10–100 times) of aliphatic (glucoraphanin) and indolic glucosinolates than the inflorescences. This quality characteristic of broccoli sprouts plays an important role in human health and disease prevention. Although it is known that genetic and environmental factors can affect the composition of broccoli inflorescences, the influence of such factors on the seeds and sprouts has not been widely reported. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of light versus dark growth conditions on the phytochemical composition (vitamin C, phenolic compounds and glucosinolates) of broccoli sprouts. RESULTS: Broccoli sprouts grown in the light were found to have much higher concentrations of vitamin C (by 83%), glucosinolates (by 33%) and phenolic compounds (by 61%) than those grown in the dark. During a 7 day period there was a clear and analogous trend in both treatments, with a general reduction in concentrations over time. Among the different organs studied (seeds, cotyledons, stems and roots), the cotyledons contained the highest levels of bioactive compounds, while the roots contained the lowest. CONCLUSION: Light treatment of sprouting broccoli seeds increased their concentration of health‐promoting phytochemicals, mainly during the first 3–5 days of development. Therefore the younger broccoli sprouts are a better source of bioactive compounds for the consumer than the inflorescences. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Twenty‐two volatile glucosinolate hydrolysis products from seeds and leaves of Farsetia aegyptia var. ovalis were identified and quantified using both natural autolysis and exogenous myrosinase, followed by GC–MS. The 22 isothiocyanate thiocyanate, epithioalkane nitrile and nitrile hydrolysis products identified can be rationalized, assuming 13 glucosinolates in the seeds and 12 in the leaves. Among the volatile hydrolysis products observed, those derived from allylglucosinolates and 3‐methylsulphinylpropylglucosinolate (glucoiberin) were prominent. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Amino acids have been identified as the precursors of a class of secondary plant metabolites, the glucosinolates, but there is no report on the relationship between the two in vivo. In this work we have investigated the relationship between free amino acids and glucosinolates in 11 broccoli cultivars grown in early (April–July) and late (August–January) seasons. Free amino acids and glucosinolates were quantified by HPLC in primary and secondary inflorescences at maturity stage. Analysis of the data revealed that no significant correlation exists between free amino acids and glucosinolates, suggesting that the precursors of these compounds might be used during the first step of the biosynthetic process to form intermediates, the aldoximes and thiohydroximates, which will then be used in the second stage of the biosynthesis to form, apart from glucosinolates, other secondary plant metabolites. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The occurrence of series of indole glucosinolates in callus cultures of Brassica napus var. napobrassica L. and B. oleracea var. botrotys L. was demonstrated by GC of trimethylsilyl derivatives. Neither callus nor suspension cultures of Hirschfeldia incana L. accumulated any of the glucosinolates present in the mature plant; however, feeding of 2-propenyl glucosinolate to suspensions of the latter was shown to lead to production of the isothiocyanate. 相似文献
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研究了常用食品添加剂维生素C、光、热、pH值、还原介质、氧化介质、蔗糖、防腐剂,金属离子等对红球甘蓝天然色素的稳定性影响. 相似文献
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María del Carmen Rodríguez‐Hernández Diego A. Moreno Micaela Carvajal Cristina García‐Viguera María del Carmen Martínez‐Ballesta 《Journal of food science》2012,77(10):C1058-C1063
Abstract: Broccoli, (Brassica oleracea var. Italica), is generally recognized as a nutritive food rich in natural antioxidants, including vitamins and phenolics compounds. Phytochemical composition of 3 different purple sprouting broccoli varieties according with their production cycle: EEP (Extra Early), EP (Early), and LP (Late) were determined. The 3 cultivars tested were grown under the same conditions in an experimental field (SE Spain) where they were not previously cultivated since these cultivars are typical of cold, Northern‐European areas. EP variety showed greater growth according to the photosynthetic rate and C assimilation. However, it was not possible to obtain inflorescences for variety LP. The health‐promoting compounds (vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and glucosinolates) were higher in purple broccolis than in traditionally grown green broccolis and showed differences according to the variety. With respect to the use of broccoli byproducts as source of antioxidants, any variety would be suitable although the leaves of EP variety seems the richest in total phenolic acids, whereas the amount of anthocyanins was higher in LP variety, followed by EP and EEP varieties. Under our experimental conditions, the levels of glucosinolates were higher in purple broccoli than in green cultivars and also higher than other purple broccolis grown under different climate conditions. Therefore, the results reported data for production of the EEP and EP varieties in the Mediterranean climate with potential to obtain vegetables with improved nutritional quality. Practical Application: The results of this study reported data of the health‐promoting nutrients and natural antioxidants of EEP, EP, and LP purple sprouting broccoli varieties grown under the Mediterranean climate. The vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and glucosinolates in these purple varieties were higher than in traditionally grown green broccolis and other purple broccolis grown under different climate conditions. 相似文献
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Carla Sousa David M Pereira Marcos Taveira Sonia Dopico‐García Patrícia Valentão José A Pereira Albino Bento Paula B Andrade 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2009,89(6):1083-1089
BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of agronomic practices, harvesting time and leaf age on the organic acid composition and biomass production of Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC (tronchuda cabbage). Samples were cultivated under eight different fertilisation regimes (two levels each of nitrogen, boron and sulfur, an organic fertiliser and no fertiliser) and collected at three different times. RESULTS: Principal component analysis of the data indicated significant differences. Three principal components with an eigenvalue higher than one accounted for 79.0% of the total variance of the data set. Samples obtained with conventional fertilisation were characterised by the highest values of fresh weight. External leaves showed higher total organic acid and malic acid contents than internal leaves, while the latter were characterised by higher proportions of citric acid. For consecutive harvests, total organic acid concentration decreased in both external and internal leaves. CONCLUSION: The use of a conventional fertilisation regime (nitrogen, boron or sulfur) improved the growth of B. oleracea var. costata without affecting its organic acid profile. However, for consecutive harvests, total organic acid concentration was observed to decrease independently of the agronomic practices tested. Leaf age influenced the quantitative composition of organic acids. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Swastika Paul Chang‐An Geng Tong‐Hua Yang Yong‐Ping Yang Ji‐Jun Chen 《Journal of food science》2019,84(1):19-30
Despite the advancement of medical science, diseases are part‐and‐parcel of human life. Plants have provided humans with medicines since time immemorial, and are still one of the primary sources for drug discovery. Brassica rapa L., commonly known as turnip, is one of the world's oldest cultivated vegetables. Besides being an important vegetable and source of oil, turnip is also used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of headaches, chest complaints, rheumatisms, oedemas, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and rabies. Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates (mainly 2‐phenylethyl, 4‐pentenyl, and 3‐butenyl derivatives) are the main constituents of turnip with diverse bioactivities, especially for the protective effect against cancers. Besides, flavonoids, phenolics, indoles and volatiles are also concomitant in this plant. Pharmacological investigation on turnip revealed the antitumor, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective effects. The anticancer property was found to be the most promising biological activity of turnip with 2‐phenylethyl isothiocyanate, phenylpropionitrile, brassicaphenanthrene A, 6‐paradol, and trans‐6‐shogaol as the major active constituents. Flavonoids and phenolics with high free radical scavenging activity should be corresponding to the antioxidant effects. Arvelexin, an indole derivative in turnip, was reported with various effects involving antiinflamatory, antihypertensive and hypolipidemic potency. In spite of many studies concerning either the chemical constituents or the biological activities of turnip, only a few cases disclosed the active ingredients responsible for diverse bioactivities. This review summarizes the research progress on the chemistry and health‐benefits of turnip over the past 20 years to provide a reference for the further investigation. 相似文献
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在提取纯化的基础上分析羽衣甘蓝叶片色素的基本特性及其稳定性。结果表明：羽衣甘蓝叶片色素为紫红色,极易溶于水等极性溶剂,在pH2.0 的水溶液中于540nm 波长下有最大吸收峰值。羽衣甘蓝叶片色素的颜色和吸光度受溶液pH 值变化的影响。在pH2.0 的水溶液中,羽衣甘蓝叶片色素的耐光性较好,但不耐受50℃以上的温度。酸味剂柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸,糖类物质蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖和表面活性剂SDS 对羽衣甘蓝叶片色素均有非常明显的增色与护色作用,使该色素的稳定性增强。但糖类物质会随着时间的延长(6d 以后),对色素的增色、护色作用逐渐减弱,并又逐渐出现减色作用。 相似文献
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Sankhari JM Thounaojam MC Jadeja RN Devkar RV Ramachandran AV 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2012,92(8):1688-1693
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species plays an important role in the aetiology of several diseases including atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Anthocyanin‐rich extracts have been shown to possess a variety of therapeutic roles, including antioxidant, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective properties. The present inventory was undertaken to evaluate the protective role of anthocyanin‐rich red cabbage extract (ARCE) on an atherogenic (ATH) diet‐induced hypercholesterolaemia and related cardiac and, hepatic oxidative stress in rats. RESULTS: ARCE (100 mg kg?1 body weight) treatment of rats fed the ATH diet significantly prevented elevation in serum and tissue lipids, circulating levels of cardiac and hepatic damage markers, and resulted in excretion of lipids through faeces. Also, the ARCE extract significantly attenuated alterations in the cardiac and hepatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation, and histopathological changes in cardiac and hepatic tissue. CONCLUSION: Thus, the present study provides the first scientific evidence for a protective role of ARCE against ATH diet‐induced hypercholesterolaemia and cardiac and hepatic oxidative stress. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献