Enamel remineralization on teeth adjacent to Class II glass ionomer restorations

We describe a patient with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) associated with BCL6 gene rearrangement. MCL is a distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by CD5+, CD10-, CD20+, t(11;14)(q13;q32) and PRAD1/cyclin D1 overexpression. Although rearrangement of the BCL6 gene is the most frequent genetic change among diffuse lymphomas and some follicular lymphomas this is the first report of a patient with MCL associated with BCL6 rearrangement.     

Resin modified glass ionomer cements. In vitro microleakage in direct class V and class II sandwich restorations

Microleakage of conventional chemically cured and resin modified glass ionomer cements (GIC), a compomer and a composite resin was studied in vitro in direct class V and class II GIC/composite sandwich fillings. None of the restorative techniques investigated completely resisted microleakage at both the occlusal and gingival margins. The dentinal gingival margins exhibited the highest leakage pattern. The compomer and the resin modified GIC showed a better seal than the chemically cured GIC's. The use of a liner as separating agent between composite resin and GIC in the class II sandwich fillings did not improve the seal. The results suggest that the initial bond obtained immediately after light curing of the resin modified GIC's is stronger than that for chemically cured GIC's. The contradictory results of dye leakage studies reported in the literature are discussed and in vivo evaluations are suggested necessary to predict clinical performance.     

Atraumatic restorative treatment and glass-ionomer sealants in a school oral health programme in Zimbabwe: evaluation after 1 year

An oral health care programme in secondary schools using the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique for dental caries was started in 1993. Glass-ionomer was used as the restorative and sealant material. Sealants were placed using the "press finger' technique. Results after 1 year revealed a survival percentage for one-surface ART restorations of 93.4 whilst the complete and partial retention percentages for sealants were 60.3 and 13.4, respectively. No caries was observed in teeth restored using ART, and only 0.8% of surfaces diagnosed as having early enamel lesions at the start of the programme and sealed consequently had progressed into active dentinal lesions after 1 year. The sealant retention percentage and the survival percentage of ART restorations were influenced by an operator effect. The majority of restorations were carried out without administering local anaesthesia. The mean treatment time for one-surface ART restorations was 22.1 min (range per operator of 19.8-23.6 min), whilst the mean time for placing sealants was 9.4 min (range per operator of 8.2-10.8 min). Post-operative sensitivity was reported for 6% of the teeth restored. 95% of the students were satisfied with ART as a treatment modality. It is concluded that ART may in part be the answer to the unavailability of restorative care for many population groups globally.     

An in-vitro investigation of microleakage and gap size of glass ionomer/composite resin "sandwich" restorations in primary teeth

Eighty extracted primary molars were divided into four groups of twenty teeth. Class II cavities were prepared in all teeth with equal numbers of proximal boxes having cavosurface margins either in enamel, or dentin/cementum. Each group was allocated to an open or closed sandwich technique using glass ionomer as a lining. Following the placement of the composite resin restorations, the gap size measured at the proximal box was greatest for the closed sandwich group with the cavosurface margin on enamel (0.203 microns) or dentin/cementum (0.174 microns). Microleakage scores were measured at the proximal box and were greatest for the closed sandwich group with the cavosurface margin on dentin/cementum. The best result was obtained for the open sandwich group with the cavosurface margin on enamel.     

Radiopacity of resin-modified glass ionomer liners and bases

For tracheotomy procedures with general anesthesia, adequate surgical exposure, oxygenation, and ventilation of the lungs can be obtained by different techniques. We present a method of jet ventilation with use of a modified laryngotracheal anesthesia (LTA) device as a jet ventilation cannula during retrieval of a tracheal T-tube that broke within the trachea during removal. To our knowledge, this report is the first to document friability and subsequent difficult removal of a tracheal T-tube after intubation longer than recommended by the manufacturer. It is also the first report of a new technique using a simple LTA device modification to provide oxygen insufflation or jet ventilation in this or similar situations.     

Fluoride uptake and release characteristics of glass ionomer cements

The aims of this study were firstly to investigate the fluoride-releasing characteristics of five commercial glass ionomer materials: Ketac Fil, Chemfil Superior, Fuji II LC, Aquacem and Vitrebond. The second aim was to assess the fluoride uptake and subsequent release from the same range of materials. In both tests, ten discs, 6 mm in diameter with a thickness of 1.5 mm, were made for each material. The initial fluoride release was assessed over a 60-day period for all materials. Each disc was immersed in 2 ml of de-ionised water within a plastic vial. The solutions were changed daily up to day 15, and thereafter every 3 and 4 days until the end of the test. All of the materials released measurable amounts of fluoride throughout the test period, with a considerable range on day 1 (15.3-155.2 ppm F). The concentration of fluoride released on the 2nd day fell sharply for all materials (range 6.3-44.3 ppm F). By day 60 all materials continued to release fluoride, albeit to a lesser extent (range 0.9-3.99 ppm F). With regard to the uptake and release of fluoride, a similar protocol was employed, although all samples were immersed in 1 litre of de-ionised water for 60 days to allow the majority of the fluoride to leach out from the materials. The ten pellets for each material were divided into two groups, five samples as control and five samples as test. Each day over a 20-day period all test samples were exposed to a 1000-ppm F solution for 2 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Uptake and release of fluoride by saliva-coated glass ionomer cement

The 'recharging' of aged glass ionomer cement restorations with fluoride by exposing them to a concentrated NaF solution has been suggested to improve their performance as devices with slow fluoride release. We have studied the interference of salivary coatings on glass ionomer cement with the uptake of fluoride in vitro. Freshly prepared glass ionomer discs were leached in distilled water for 14 weeks, then incubated in human saliva for 2 h, 24 h or 1 week before exposure to 0.53 M NaF (1% fluoride) for 5 min. Fluoride uptake by the cement was measured indirectly as the subsequent increase in fluoride release. A 2-hour incubation in saliva reduced the fluoride uptake by half, a 24-hour incubation by 74%. The major part (93-95%) of the fluoride that was taken up was released on the first day. A 1-week salivary coating reduced the uptake by 49%, but also caused some retardation of the fluoride release: 80% of the total release was on the first day. It was concluded that despite the considerable interference by salivary coating, the amount of fluoride that can be taken up by aged glass ionomer cement remains significant. However, the fast release will limit the usefulness of such recharging in vivo.     

Dowel space preparation in root canals filled with glass ionomer cement

To assist beginners in the microsurgical practices of handling instruments and tying knots before using an animal model, the authors suggest the use of colored beads. These beads will diminish eyestrain and secondary fatigue. Also, working with colored beads might be a little more amusing and enjoyable for beginners in learning microsurgical techniques during preliminary studies to achieve the necessary orientation for working under the operating microscope.     

Seven-year survival rate after age 85 years: relation to Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the survival rate in very elderly individuals in relation to Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, and other mental and physical disorders. DESIGN: A 7-year longitudinal survey. SETTING: Community and institutions in Gothenburg, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: A representative sample of 494 people aged 85 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of neuropsychiatric and physical examinations, key informant interview, and computed tomographic scan of the head. Information on mortality was obtained from the parish office. RESULTS: The 7-year survival rate was higher in women (34.5%) than in men (20.3%). Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia predicted 30.7% of deaths in men and 49.7% of deaths in women according to a calculation of population attributable risk (PAR). A regression analysis showed that mortality in men was predicted by the presence of chronic obstructive lung disease (PAR, 18.8), Alzheimer disease (PAR, 16.0), vascular dementia (PAR, 14.7), cancer of the gastrointestinal tract (PAR, 10.2), and skin cancer (PAR, 6.2), and in women by vascular dementia (PAR, 29.4), Alzheimer disease (PAR, 20.3), cerebrovascular disorder (PAR, 12.1), congestive heart failure (PAR, 8.5), hypertension (PAR, 8.0), myocardial infarction (PAR, 6.5), and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract (PAR, 4.3). Life expectancy decreased with severity of dementia, although survival time in individuals with mild Alzheimer disease was not different from that in individuals without dementia. CONCLUSIONS: In extreme old age, Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia influence the mortality rate considerably. However, mild Alzheimer disease does not influence longevity, at least not during the first 7 years. These findings have important public health implications.     

Early childhood autism and structural therapy: Outcome after 3 years.

Examined the effect of 3 yrs of structural therapy on 21 inpatient cases of early childhood autism (ECA). Treatment resulted in the discharge of 12 patients. Details of treatment procedure, therapeutic progress, and their effects on diagnostic and prognostic conceptualizations are presented. Comparisons are made among previous reports of attempted treatment of ECA, as well as the results of 2 other treatment units in the same setting. Results support the hypothesis that the high stimulation, physically intrusive, gamelike, novelty filled, and developmentally oriented treatment approach of structural therapy is capable of producing a significant improvement in cases of ECA. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Histological evaluation of the response of apical tissues to glass ionomer and zinc oxide-eugenol based sealers in dog teeth after root canal treatment

The object of the study was to compare two commercial root canal sealers: Ketac-Endo (a glass ionomer cement) and Fill Canal (a zinc oxide-eugenol cement). A total of 34 root canals from dog premolars with vital pulps were used. After instrumentation, the root canals were sealed with Ketac-Endo and Fill Canal cements using gutta-percha and a lateral condensation technique. After 270 days the animals were sacrificed with an anesthetic overdose and the maxillae and mandibles were removed and fixed in formalin for 48 h. After routine histological processing the sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Mallory trichrome stains. Microscopic analysis revealed that Ketac-Endo cement presented better results than Fill Canal cement.     

Non-cemented acetabular cup in hip arthroplasty. Prosthesis survival and clinical results after 1-8 years

This is a retrospective clinical evaluation of 1028 primary hip arthroplasties performed with the non-cemented Harris-Galante I acetabulaer cup. Hospital records regarding all hips operated from July 1985 through March 1992 were evaluated after a median of 48 (12-93) months. Furthermore, questionnaires were sent out to all patients still alive in order to establish the actual function of the hips. At time of evaluation, 43 of the 1028 primary acetabular cups (4.2%) had been or were due to be revised. (20 because of one or more episodes of dislocation or displacement of the cup, 10 due to deep infection, eight following aseptic loosening of the cup, two because of implant failure and three due to other reasons). Four hundred and twenty-six hips were without pain, 274 had only mild or slight pain, whereas 84 experienced moderate or worse pain. We conclude, that the results after non-cemented hemispheric acetabular arthroplasties in this study are satisfying with a low rate of aseptic loosening.     

The effect of a resin-modified glass ionomer restorative material on artificially demineralised dentine caries in vitro

OBJECTIVES: Recurrent caries is one of the most common reasons for the replacement of restorations. One method of reducing the frequency of this problem may be by using fluoride-releasing restorative materials. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the progression of artificial lesions around resin-modified glass ionomer (Vitremer) restorations placed in root surfaces. Class V cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of 28 human premolar teeth. Artificial carious wall lesions were created in all cavities. The root of each tooth was then hemisected through the middle of the two cavities, before being restored with either the glass ionomer or amalgam, while the opposing cavities on the same root portion were varnished as negative controls. Forty-eight specimens were pH-cycled in remineralising and demineralising solutions for 20 h and 4 h, respectively, each day for 4 weeks, whilst in a smaller control group of eight specimens, the demineralising solution was replaced with deionised water. Mineral changes in the carious lesions were evaluated using contact microradiography. RESULTS: Results showed that varying degrees of subsurface demineralisation and remineralisation were evident, with a laminated appearance in lesions adjacent to the glass ionomer. There was higher remineralisation in the glass ionomer-filled cavities compared with the amalgam-filled cavities. In the water-cycled group, glass ionomer showed an increase in mineral content (p < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the amalgam-filled cavities. CONCLUSIONS: This model has shown that glass ionomer has a greater potential than amalgam for remineralisation of artificially created wall lesions within an acidic environment.     

Clinical comparison between a glass ionomer cement and a composite for direct bonding of orthodontic brackets

The clinical performance of a glass ionomer cement for direct bonding of orthodontic brackets was compared with a composite resin routinely used in this procedure. Brackets were bonded, using both materials, in alternate quadrants of 16 patients of the Orthodontic Clinic of the State University of Rio de Janeiro. A total of 225 teeth, 112 in the glass ionomer cement group and 113 in the composite group, were tested. Bond failure frequencies were recorded for 12 months, and chi-square statistical test was carried out comparing the failure rates of the materials. The composite showed a statistically significant lower failure rate (7.96%) than the glass ionomer cement (50.89%), regardless of the dental arch tested. Although the glass ionomer cement presents important properties not observed in the composite, it is necessary to increase its cohesive strength to permit its clinical use for direct bonding of orthodontic brackets.