Synthesis and biological activities of polymers containing exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic glycinyl imide

The monomer, exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic glycinyl imide(ETGI), was prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of N-glycinylmaleimide and furan. Poly(ETGI), poly(ETGI-co-methacrylic acid)[poly(ETGI-co-MA)] and poly(ETGI-co-vinylacetate)[poly(ETGI-co-VAc)] were synthesized by photoinitiated homopolymerization of ETGI or copolymerizations of ETGI with MA and VAc. Synthesized ETGI, poly(ETGI), poly(ETGI-co-MA), and poly(ETGI-co-VAc) were characterized by IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The in vitro cytotoxicities of ETGI, poly(ETGI), poly(ETGI-co-MA), and poly(ETGI-co-VAc) were evaluated using K-562 human leukemia cells and HeLa cells. In vitro cytotoxicity of monomer and polymers at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL against K-562 human leukemia cells increased in the following order:poly(ETGI-co-MA) > poly(ETGI-co-VAc) > poly(ETGI) > Etgi. The cytotoxicities of copolymers against HeLa cells are less cytotoxic than ETGI at a dosage of 0.02, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/mL. The copolymers were very effective at any dosage tested. The in vivo antitumor activities of ETGI, poly(ETGI), poly(ETGI-co-MA), and poly(ETGI-co-VAc) were also evaluated against mice bearing sarcoma 180. In vivoantitumor activity of monomer and polymers at a dosage of 80 mg/kg increased in the following order: ETGI > poly(ETGI-co-VAc) > poly(ETGI-co-MA) > poly(ETGI) > 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).ETGI and polymers containing ETGI showed higher antitumor activity than 5-FU at any dosage tested. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Syntheses and Biological Activities of Polymers Containing 3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine

The new monomer, 5′-O-methacryloyl-3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (MAZT), was synthesized by the reaction of methacryloyl chloride and 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT). Poly(MAZT) and copolymers of MAZT with vinyl acetate (VAc) and maleic anhydride (MAH) were synthesized by radical polymerizations. The synthesized MAZT and polymers were identified by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ¹³C NMR, elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The quantities of MAZT units in poly(MAZT-co-VAc) and poly(MAZT-co-MAH) were 45 and 27 mol%, respectively. The weight average molecular weights of the polymers synthesized were in the range from 8800 to 17600. The in vitro cytotoxicities of samples against K562 human leukaemia cell line at 100 μg ml^-1 decreased in the following order: poly(MAZT-co-MAH) > poly(MAZT-co-VAc) > poly(MAZT) > MAZT > AZT. The in vivo anti-tumour activities of the polymers synthesized against Balb/C mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumour cells were greater than those of 5-fluorouracil at all concentrations.     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of poly(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐co‐maleic anhydride‐co‐vinyl acetate)

The radical‐initiated terpolymerization of 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran (DHP), maleic anhydride (MA), and vinyl acetate (VA), which were used as a donor–acceptor–donor system, was carried out in methyl ethyl ketone in the presence of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator at 65°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The synthesis and characterization of binary and ternary copolymers, some kinetic parameters of terpolymerization, the terpolymer‐composition/thermal‐behavior relationship, and the antitumor activity of the synthesized polymers were examined. The polymerization of the DHP–MA–VA monomer system predominantly proceeded by the alternating terpolymerization mechanism. The in vitro cytotoxicities of poly(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐alt‐maleic anhydride) [poly(DHP‐alt‐MA)] and poly(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐co‐maleic anhydride‐co‐vinyl acetate) [poly(DHP‐co‐MA‐co‐VA)] were evaluated with Raji cells (human Burkitt lymphoma cell line). The antitumor activity of the prepared anion‐active poly(DHP‐alt‐MA) and poly(DHP‐co‐MA‐co‐VA) polymers were studied with methyl–thiazol–tetrazolium testing, and the 50% cytotoxic dose was calculated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2352–2359, 2005     

Syntheses and biological activities of polymers containing methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid or 5‐fluorouracil

A series of novel copolymers, poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid‐co‐exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalic acid) [poly(MTCA‐co‐ETAc)], poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid‐co‐hydrogenethyl‐exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalate) [poly(MTCA‐co‐HEET)], and poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid‐co‐α‐ethoxy‐exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthaloyl‐5‐fluorouracil) [poly(MTCA‐co‐EETFU)], were prepared from corresponding monomers by photopolymerizations at 25°C for 48 h. The polymers were identified by FTIR, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopies. The number‐average molecular weights of the fractionated polymers determined by GPC were in the range from 9400 to 14,900 and polydispersity indices were 1.2–1.4. The in vitro IC₅₀ values of polymers against mouse mammary carcinoma (FM3A), mouse leukemia (P388), and human histiocytic lymphoma (U937) as cancer cell lines and mouse liver cells (AC2F) as a normal cell line were much higher compared to that of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The in vivo antitumor activities of monomers and polymers against mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor cell line were better than those of 5‐FU. The inhibition of DNA replication and antiangiogenesis activities of MTCA and copolymers were better compared to those of 5‐FU. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 57–64, 2004     

A biodegradable diblcok copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(L‐lactide‐co‐2‐methyl‐2‐carboxyl‐propylene carbonate): Docetaxel and RGD conjugation

A diblcok copolymer monomethoxy poly (ethyleneglycol)‐block‐poly(L ‐lactide‐co‐2‐methyl‐2‐carboxyl‐propylene carbonate) (MPEG‐b‐P(LA‐co‐MCC)) was obtained by copolymerization of L ‐lactide (LA) and 2‐methyl‐2‐benzoxycarbonyl‐propylene carbonate (MBC) and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation. The pendant carboxyl groups of the copolymer MPEG‐b‐P(LA‐co‐MCC) were conjugated with antitumor drug docetaxel and tripeptide arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD), respectively. ¹H‐NMR spectra confirmed the structure of the copolymer MPEG‐b‐P(LA‐co‐MCC/docetaxel) and MPEG‐b‐P(LA‐co‐MCC/RGD). In vitro antitumor assay indicates that the MPEG‐b‐P(LA‐co‐MCC/docetaxel) conjugate shows high cytotoxic activity against HeLa cancer cells. Cell adhesion and spreading experiment shows that copolymer MPEG‐b‐P(LA‐co‐MCC/RGD) is of benefit to cell adherence and is a promising biodegradable material for cell and tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Molecular composite of lignin: Miscibility and complex formation of organosolv lignin and its acetates with synthetic polymers containing vinyl pyrrolidone and/or vinyl acetate units

Binary blends and pseudo-complexes of organosolv lignin (OSL) or its acetate (OSL-Ac) with synthetic polymers including poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (P(VP-co-VAc)) were prepared by casting from mixed polymer solutions in N,N-dimethylformamide as good solvent and by spontaneous coprecipitation from solutions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) as comparatively poor solvent. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry showed that OSL was not miscible with PVAc; however, OSL(-Ac) was miscible with PVP to form homogeneous blends irrespective of the degree of acetylation of OSL. OSL formed homogeneous blends with P(VP-co-VAc) with ≥30 mol % of VP contents. Fourier transform infrared spectra measurements for the miscible blends of OSL/PVP revealed the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions between hydroxyls of OSL and carbonyls of VP units. However, there was no evidence for the development of the hydrogen bonding in miscible blends of fully acetylated OSL with PVP. For complexes via THF solutions, its formation was found to be primarily due to a higher frequency of hydrogen bonding interactions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Synthesis and biological activity of medium molecular weight polymers containing 3,6‐endo‐methylene‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalimidobutanoyl‐5‐fluorouracil

A new monomer, 3,6‐endo‐methylene‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalimidobutanoyl‐5‐fluorouracil (ETBFU), was synthesized by reaction of 3,6‐endo‐methylene‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalimidobutanoyl chloride and 5‐fluorouracil. The homopolymer of ETBFU and its copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) or vinyl acetate (VAc) were prepared by photopolymerization using 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone as an initiator at 25 °C. The synthesized ETBFU and its polymers were identified by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. The ETBFU content in poly(ETBFU‐co‐AA) and poly(ETBFU‐co‐VAc) was 43 and 14 mol%, respectively. The apparent number‐average molecular weight (M_n) of the polymers determined by GPC ranged from 8400 to 11 300. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the samples against mouse mammary carcinoma (FM3A), mouse leukaemia (P388), and human histiocytic lymphoma (U937) cancer cell lines decreased in the order 5‐FU ≥ ETBFU > poly(ETBFU) > poly(ETBFU‐co‐AA) > poly(ETBFU‐co‐VAc). The in vivo antitumour activity of the polymers against Balb/C mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumour cells was greater than that of 5‐fluorouracil at all doses tested. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis,characterization, and antitumor activity of poly(maleic anhydride‐co‐vinyl acetate‐co‐acrylic acid)

The ternary copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MA), vinyl acetate (VA), and acrylic acid (AA) [P(MA‐co‐VA‐co‐AA)], which is considered to be an acceptor–donor–acceptor system, was carried out in 1,4‐dioxane with benzoyl peroxide as an initiator at 70°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Constants of complex formation for the monomer systems in the study were determined by UV–visible (hydrogen‐bonding complex) and ¹H‐NMR (charge transfer complex) methods, respectively. The results show that polymerization of the P(MA‐co‐VA‐co‐AA) system proceeds by an alternating terpolymerization mechanism. It is shown that the synthesized copolymers have typical polyelectrolyte behavior, ability for reversible hydrolysis–anhydrization reactions, and semicrystalline structures. In these cases, including radical polymerization, and formation of semicrystalline structures, the hydrogen‐bonding effect plays a significant role. The in vitro cytotoxicities of the synthesized terpolymer and alternating copolymer were evaluated using Raji cells (human Burkitt lymphoma cell line). The antitumor activities of prepared anion‐active copolymers were studied using methyl–thiazol–tetrazolium colorimetric assay and 50% of the cytotoxic dose of each copolymer and terpolymer were calculated. Hydrolyzed P(MA‐co‐VA‐co‐AA) and P(MA‐alt‐AA) copolymers have sufficiently high antitumor activity, which depends on the amount of hydrogen‐bonding carboxylic groups and their regular distribution in the side chain of functional macromolecules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3425–3432, 2006     

Studies on inherently radiopaque acrylate copolymers for biomedical applications

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate) random copolymers (with 50–50 mol % of monomers) were made radiopaque by grafting iodine moieties through the ring opening reaction of the epoxy groups. The percentage weight of grafted iodine in the copolymers was found to be as high as 19%. The iodinated copolymers showed higher glass transition temperature and thermal stability in comparison with the parent copolymers. Iodinated copolymer of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) has improved glass transistion temperature than iodinated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate). Radiographic analysis of these iodinated copolymers showed excellent radiopacity. The in vitro cytotoxicity tests revealed cytocompatibility with cells. These radiopaque copolymers are expected to find application as dental and orthopedic cements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Synthesis,antitumour and DNA replication activities of polymers containing vinyl‐(5‐fluorouracil)‐ethanoate

A new monomer, vinyl‐(5‐fluorouracil)‐ethanoate (VFUE), was synthesized by reaction of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and vinyl iodoacetate. The homopolymer of VFUE and its copolymers with acrylic acid (A, A) and maleic anhydride (MAH) were prepared by photopolymerization. The synthesized VFUE and polymers were identified by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. The contents of VFUE unit in poly(VFUE‐co‐AA) and poly(VFUE‐co‐MAH) were 21 mol% and 16 mol%, respectively. The number average molecular weights of the polymers determined by gel permeation chromatography were in the range 9600–17900 g mol^?1. The in vitro cytotoxicities of the samples against a normal cell line decreased as follows: 5‐FU > VFUE > poly(VFUE) > poly(VFUE‐co‐AA) > poly(VFUE‐co‐MAH). The in vivo antitumour activities of the polymers against Balb/C mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumour cells were greater than those of 5‐FU at all concentrations. The inhibition of simian virus 40 DNA replication by the samples was much greater than that of the control. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Polycarbonate microspheres containing tumor necrosis factor‐α genes and magnetic powder as potential cancer therapeutics

Amphiphilic polycarbonate copolymers including methoxy‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐poly (5,5‐dimethyl trimethylene carbonate) [Poly(PEG‐b‐TMC)] and poly(ethylene glycol)‐co‐poly(trimethylene carbonate) [Poly(PEG‐b‐DTC)] were synthesized. The water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation technique was adopted to produce anticancer magnetic Poly(PEG‐b‐DTC) microspheres containing tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) genes and Fe₃O₄ magnetic ultrafine powder. Drug release studies showed that the microspheres can sustain a steady release rate of TNF‐α genes in 0.1M phosphate buffer saline solution in vitro for up to 60 h. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the microspheres have high inhibition and antitumor action to human hepatocellular carcinoma (Bel‐7204) cells in vitro. In vivo inhibition on the growth of hepatic carcinomas and histopathologic observation indicated that the microspheres possess a markedly high antitumor activity to human hepatocellular carcinoma (Bel‐7204). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Effect of methyl methacrylate on the properties of transparent flame retardant unsaturated phosphate ester copolymer

The effect of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on the properties of transparent flame retardant unsaturated phosphate ester copolymer (poly[UPE‐co‐MMA]) prepared by bulk polymerization technique was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectra, gel fraction (G) test, and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed the structure and crosslinking density of poly(UPE‐co‐MMA) copolymers. The thermal degradation and flame retardancy of copolymers were indicated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) test. Besides, the mechanical properties and transparency were tested with testing machines and solid ultraviolet absorption spectra. As the MMA content increased to 50%, the copolymer contained 50 wt% MMA showed the maximal G (88.93%) and transmittance was up to 91.72%. From the poly(UPE‐co‐MMA) copolymers, the tensile strength increased from 14.62 to 26.95 MPa, assigned to the increase of crosslinking density of copolymers. The char yield of poly(UPE‐co‐MMA) was up to 21.18 wt%, which was a result of decomposition of phosphate groups, producing a phosphorus‐rich layer that increased the thermal stability of the residues. LOI and MCC results confirm that the introduction of MMA can retain the flame retardancy of copolymer remarkably. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2103–2109, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

pH and thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) copolymer grafted to poly(ethylene glycol)

pH and thermo‐responsive graft copolymers are reported where thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) [poly(NIPAAm), poly A ], poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐2‐(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) [poly(NIPAAm‐co‐DEA), poly B ], and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) [poly(NIPAAm‐co‐MAA), poly C ] have been installed to benzaldehyde grafted polyethylene glycol (PEG) back bone following introducing a pH responsive benzoic‐imine bond. All the prepared graft copolymers for PEG‐g‐poly(NIPAAm) [ P‐N1 ], PEG‐g‐poly(NIPAAm‐co‐DEA) [ P‐N2 ], and PEG‐g‐poly(NIPAAm‐co‐MAA) [ P‐N3 ] were characterized by ¹H‐NMR to assure the successful synthesis of the expected polymers. Molecular weight of all synthesized polymers was evaluated following gel permeation chromatography. The lower critical solution temperature of graft copolymers varied significantly when grafted to benzaldehyde containing PEG and after further functionalization of copolymer based poly(NIPAAm). The contact angle experiment showed the changes in hydrophilic/hydrophobic behavior when the polymers were exposed to different pH and temperature. Particle size measurement investigation by dynamic light scattering was performed to rectify thermo and pH responsiveness of all prepared polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Syntheses and antitumor activities of polymers containing 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid or 5-fluorouracil

Summary The polymers containing 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPA) were prepared by radical polymerizations. The polymers were identified by FT-IR, ¹H-, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopies. The contents of AMPA unit in poly(AMPA-co-MAH), terpoly(AMPA-MAH-FUR), and poly(AMPA-co-EETFU) were 67, 73 and 49 mol %, respectively. The number average molecular weights of the polymers determined by GPC were in range from 5,600 to 9,200. The IC₅₀ values of the synthesized polymers against cancer cell lines were in the range of 0.02 to 127. The in vivo antitumor activities of polymers against Balb/C mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumor cells were greater than those of 5-FU. Received: 6 September 2000/Revised version: 12 March 2001/Accepted: 22 March 2001     

Synthesis and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of biodegradable poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene succinate)s

In the current work, a series of biodegradable poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene succinate)s (P[ET-co-ES]s) were prepared via a traditional melting polycondensation method. First of all, the structures of prepared copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared measurements. Meanwhile, the thermal properties of prepared samples were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis measurements, respectively. Subsequently, the mechanical properties of the P(ET-co-ES)s were evaluated, the tensile strength of P(ET-co-ES)s decreased with increasing of PES content in copolymer, however, corresponding P(ET-co-ES)s exhibited better elongation at break. Next, the biodegradability of P(ET-co-ES)s was evaluated using lipase as degrading enzyme. The results presented that the biodegradability of P(ET-co-ES)s improved with PES content, the corresponding results were supported by scanning electron microscopy test. Finally, the Mo's modified Avrami equation was employed to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of prepared copolymers. The results showed the addition of the PES component improved the crystallization properties of the prepared P(ET-co-ES)s. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48422.     

Synthesis and characterization of statistical copolymers of styrene and 4‐(1‐hydroxyalkyl)styrene

A family of new polymers based on poly(4‐(1‐hydroxyalkyl)styrene), and its copolymers with styrene were synthesized and thoroughly characterized by ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, FTIR, and UV spectroscopies. The chemical modification reactions of polystyrene (PS) was used as a novel method of performing the synthesis of poly(4‐(1‐hydroxyethyl‐co‐styrene)), poly(4‐(1‐hydroxypropyl‐co‐styrene)), poly(4‐(1‐hydroxybutyl‐co‐styrene)), and poly(4‐(1‐hydroxyphenylmethyl‐co‐styrene)). The novelty of this method lies in the incorporation of the desired mol % of the functional groups in polystyrene chain, to obtain random copolymers of desired composition. In preliminary testing/evaluation studies the utility and versatility of the new copolymers, which have the potential to be negative‐tone photoresist materials, were studied. Thus a few photoresist formulations based on poly(styrene‐co‐4‐(1‐hydroxyalkylstyrene)) were developed with 5 wt % of a photoacid generator. These studies suggested that the new copolymers synthesized by a simple and alternate method could have the same potential as a photoresist material when compared with the polymers synthesized by the polymerization of the corresponding functional monomer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1902–1914, 2004     

Synthesis and micellization behavior of amphiphilic graft copolymer with 1‐octene as hydrophobic moiety

Two new kinds of amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized in this work. Poly(1‐octene‐co‐acrylic acid) copolymers were prepared through the copolymerization of 1‐octene and tert‐butyl acrylate, and the hydrolysis of tert‐butyl acrylate units. Poly(1‐octene‐co‐acrylic acid)‐g‐poly (ethylene glycol) copolymers were obtained from the esterification reaction between poly(1‐octene‐co‐acrylic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether. They were characterized by means of ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, GPC, and FTIR. These amphiphilic copolymers can form stable micelles in aqueous solutions. The critical micelle concentration was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. The micellar morphology and size distribution were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Synthesis and evaluation of biodegradable segmented multiblock poly(ether ester) copolymers for biomaterial applications

Based on 1,4‐succinic acid, 1,4‐butanediol, poly(ethylene glycol)s and dimethyl terephthalate, biodegradable segmented multiblock copolymers of poly[(butylene terephthalate)‐co‐poly(butylene succinate)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)] (PTSG) were synthesized with different poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) molar fractions and varying the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment length, and were evaluated as biomedical materials. The copolymer extracts showed no in vitro cytotoxicity. However, sterilization of the copolymers by gamma irradiation had some limited effect on the cytotoxicity and mechanical properties. A copolymer consisting of PEG‐1000 and 20 mol% PBS, assigned as 1000PBS20 after SO₂ gas plasma treatment, sustained the adhesion and growth of dog vascular smooth muscle cells. The in vivo biocompatibility of this sample was also measured subcutaneously in rats for 4 weeks. The assessments indicated that these poly(ether ester) copolymers are good candidates for anti‐adhesion barrier and drug controlled‐release applications. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biostatic Behavior of Side Chain Charged Polycations and Polymer-Ag Complexes

Summary Poly[(3-methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium)chloride (PMF'TA), and poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) (PAPSA) were synthesized by radical polymerization. Three copolymers of (3-methacryloylamino)propyl] trimethylammonium chloride and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid P(MPTA-co-APSA) with different feed monomer mol ratios were also synthesized by radical polymerization. These polymer materials and the commercial poly(vinylpyrro1idone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) quaternized P(VP-co- DMAEM) were purified by ultrafiltration membranes and subsequently their complexes with Ag(I) were prepared. Antibacterial activity of all these polymers, was investigated against Escherichia coli (6538P), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 28922), using the National Comittee for Clinical Laboratory Standards method [1]. None of these compounds exhibited biocidal or biostatic action against E. coli, and only PMTA and P(VP-co-DMAEM) exhibited some action against S. aureus.     

Polymers of vinylphosphonic acid,acrylonitrile, and methyl acrylate and their nanofibers

In this study, a small amount of vinylphosphonic acid was used to produce fire-retardant copolymers and terpolymers from acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate. The structures of copolymer and terpolymers were elucidated by ¹H-NMR and phosphorous analysis. Thermal decomposition of vinylphosphonic acid-containing copolymers and terpolymers started at lower temperatures than of poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate). Methyl acrylate contributes to the thermal resistance of the terpolymers. Poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate-co-vinylphosphonic acid) with a phosphorous content about 0.25% burned at a slower rate and emitted less smoke compared to poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate). The burning tests showed that both copolymer and terpolymers containing vinylphosphonic acid behaved as a fire-retardant polymer. The phosphonate and phosphonic acid groups in the copolymer and terpolymers accelerate the cyclization of nitrile groups and inhibit the fire in the gas phase. Nanofibers were successfully produced by the electrospinning method from the copolymers and terpolymers containing vinylphosphonic acid moiety.