高校学生拖欠学费问题透视与对策建议

目前，大学生拖欠学费的行为已由原来单纯的家庭贫困，向主、客观原因并存的多元因素演变，且呈日益严重化，这一问题不仅严重影响了高校的资金正常运转和健康发展，也影响到大学生诸如诚信等素质的培养。文章从高校学生拖欠学费的基本情况入手，剖析了拖欠学费的原因，并根据原因相应地提出了解决高校学生拖欠学费问题的对策建议。     

Integrating Professional Experience in Geotechnical Class Designs

A significant proportion of younger engineering educators engaged in teaching design oriented courses have little or no industrial experience. Thus, directions for merging professional experience with engineering science in class designs have become a chief concern in engineering educational forums. As one way to address this issue, students in a geotechnical course having both engineering science and design content presented their design projects to an audience of practicing geotechnical engineers. The results of this trial clearly revealed specific areas of a student design where professional judgment based on firsthand experience or other exposure is essential. The experiment also furnished an opportunity for industrial representatives to view the university's geotechnical curriculum and its preparation of students as future engineers. Above all, a dramatic improvement was noticed in the students' motivation to accomplish the class design projects in a successful and timely manner.     

Integrating Ethics & Engineering: A Graduate Option in Systems Engineering,Ethics, and Technology Studies

This paper describes an engineering graduate option in Systems Engineering designed to overcome some of the effects of specialization and compartmentalization by building a link between technical and ethical training. Students in this option produce case studies that emphasize ethical issues in the design process. The goal of the program is to turn out ethical professionals who are able to reflect on the moral implications of technology. The proposed approach uses realistic or real‐hypothetical hybrid case studies as a type of vicarious mentoring, and, when supplemented with readings in ethical theory and codes, may serve as a starting point for a deeper understanding of behavioral dilemmas. The developers of this approach are a multi‐disciplinary team from the Engineering School and the Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia. The paper describes how the graduate option is structured and provides data on student outcomes.     

A New Model For Integrating Engineering Into the Liberal Education of Non-Engineering Undergraduate Students

In this paper, I will discuss a new model that integrates engineering into the liberal education of all undergraduate students, regardless of their majors. The model was proposed in 1992 by the Manufacturing Engineering Department at Miami University and was approved as part of a new plan for liberal education for all students. The objective of the model is to provide students with an opportunity to learn about the engineering profession and design, including its links to technology and society. To achieve this objective, the new model includes: a 3 credit hour course, with lab, to learn about engineering and technology and their impact on society; a 3 course, 9 credit hour sequence to study, in-depth, engineering methods and modeling; and a 3–4 credit hour, two-course, senior capstone. The implementation of the model started in the Fall of 1993. A mechanism has been developed for assessing this model and its impact on students' learning and understanding of engineering, the classroom-learning environment, and its ability to attract and retain women and minorities to engineering.     

积分球余弦校正器误差的研究

(辐)照度测量时探测器的非余弦响应误差是影响测量精度的重要因素,通过对用积分球作为余弦校正器时所引起的非余弦特性误差进行的理论分析,给出了数学表达式,并分析了该误差随入射窗口形状改变的变化规律.实际制作了一个入射窗壁厚与窗口直径比值为1:25的积分球,测试结果验证了这种计算方法的正确性.提出以薄壁入射窗口积分球作为(辐)照度精密测量的余弦校正器,其性能优越.     

Integrating a micromechanical model for multiscale analyses

The Chang‐Hicher micromechanical model based on a static hypothesis, not unlike other models developed separately at around the same epoch, has proved its efficiency in predicting soil behaviour. For solving boundary value problems, the model has now integrated stress‐strain relationships by considering both the micro and macro levels. The first step was to solve the linearized mixed control constraints by the introduction of a predictor–corrector scheme and then to implement the micro–macro relationships through an iterative procedure. Two return mapping schemes, consisting of the closest‐point projection method and the cutting plane algorithm, were subsequently integrated into the interparticle force‐displacement relations. Both algorithms have proved to be efficient in studies devoted to elementary tests and boundary value problems. Closest‐point projection method compared with cutting plane algorithm, however, has the advantage of being more intensive cost efficient and just as accurate in the computational task of integrating the local laws into the micromechanical model. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed linearized method is capable of performing loadings under stress and strain control. Finally, by applying a finite element analysis with a biaxial test and a square footing, it can be recognized that the Chang‐Hicher micromechanical model performs efficiently in multiscale modelling.     

面向机械类本科生以实践为先导的工程图学教学方式探讨

从实践的角度出发,结合“卓越工程师培养计划”、金工的实训课程、以及绘制“减速箱”的要求,论述了在工程图学实践教学过程中以任务为驱动,以学生为主体的教学方法,该方法将图学知识与图学实践相结合,并将该实践融入大学整个教学之中,有助于培养学生的工程意识和创新能力.     

探讨台式血压计的维修方法

在当今的医疗领域上,存在的血压计种类有:水银血压计(台式血压计、立式血压计)、弹簧表式血压计、电子血压计(臂式电子血压计、腕式电子血压计)。立式血压计在使用时不便于携带;弹簧表式血压计是利用弹簧形变的原理,在多次使用后容易失准,需经常校准;电子血压计一方面价格相对昂贵,另一方面失准后不容易校准;因此在医院中数量最多、使用最普遍的就是台式水银血压计。随着社会的发展,人们健康意识的增强,不少居民家中也配备了血压计,以便及时了解自己的血压情况,这时由于使用水银血压计测量血压需要一定操作要求,也有部分长者选择使用电子血压计,便于自己读数。     

生态家具体验设计方法研究

以生态家具在现代生活中的应用为启示,并结合生态家具体现的文化价值、具有的情感体验、生态理念的传播和互动的方式,从人与家具、环境协调的角度,论述了生态家具体验设计的特点。在此基础上,提出生态家具体验设计的重要方法:从感觉体验入手的生态材料应用、基于用户体验的设计调整、虚拟现实的交互设计体验和销售终端的体验营销。     

Computerized Course Planning for ISE Undergraduates

We describe the development and successful implementation of a spreadsheet used to help undergraduates in the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the University of Florida plan their courses until graduation. The sheet is similar to a table with rows for courses, and columns for terms. For each course, the user enters a one in the cell for the term to take the course. The sheet computes various things, checks that all corequisites and prerequisites are satisfied, and that each course is chosen. In addition, various documentation is provided.     

体验经济下的交互式体验设计

随着体验经济的来临,人们对物质生活追求提升到更高精神体验的要求。体验设计作为一种新的设计方法,将会加强传统设计中的情感化和体验关注,给传统设计带来新的活力。尤其是虚拟现实中的交互式体验设计研究将会人为创造并改变虚拟环境,为体验需要创造更多的精神享受,为经济发展创造更多社会资本。     

Use of a High-Temperature Integrating Sphere Reflectometer for Surface-Temperature Measurements

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a new facility for the characterization of the infrared spectral emissivity of samples between 150 and 1,000°C. For accurate measurement of the sample surface temperatures above 150°C, the system employs a high-temperature reflectometer to obtain the surface temperature of the sample. This technique is especially useful for samples that have significant temperature gradients due to the thermal conductivity of the sample and the heating mechanism used. The sample temperature is obtained through two measurements: (a) an indirect sample emissivity measurement with an integrating sphere reflectometer and (b) a relative radiance measurement (at the same wavelengths as in (a)) of the sample as compared to a blackbody source. The results are combined with a knowledge of the blackbody temperature and Planck’s law to obtain the sample temperature. The reflectometer’s integrating sphere is a custom design that accommodates the sample and heater to allow reflectance measurements at temperature. The sphere measures the hemispherical-near- normal (8°) reflectance factor of the sample compared relative to a previously calibrated room-temperature reference sample. The reflectometer technique of sample temperature measurement is evaluated with several samples of varying reflectance. Temperature results are compared with values simultaneously obtained from embedded thermocouples and temperature-drop calculations using a knowledge of the sample’s thermal conductivity.     

Evaluation of a Challenge‐based Human Metabolism Laboratory for Undergraduates

This paper discusses an effort to enhance the learning and affective experience of students in a laboratory module in metabolism through the use of the “How People Learn” framework, which is grounded in educational theory and research. The laboratory, which was a component of a systems physiology course in biomedical engineering, was modified such that some students had educational experiences informed by How People Learn principles while other students encountered a more traditional laboratory. Students were compared on a number of dimensions including knowledge acquisition, ability to use information to solve problems, transfer, and perceptions of their course experience. Several differences were observed between groups, with students in the “How People Learn” group out‐performing controls on measures that required a deeper ability to use the material, but not differing in basic acquisition of information. Implications for the development of similar laboratories are discussed.     

Equipping Undergraduates for the Graduate School Process

The objective of this paper is to document a successful seminar series developed and used at Purdue University which educates undergraduates about graduate school and equips them to successfully move through the application and financial aid processes. The seminars are designed for all engineering disciplines. The series consists of four seminars given during a two-week period every fall and spring semester. The four seminars are “Graduate Study in Engineering: To Go or Not to Go, That is the Question,” “Helping Engineers Prepare for the General Graduate Record Exam (GRE),” “Approach and Helpful Hints on the GRE Engineering Exam,” and “Strategies for Applying to National Fellowship Programs.” The semester attendance for the four seminars collectively ranges from 150 to 250 students per semester. Data from student evaluations indicate that student knowledge about the graduate school process increases between 66%-164% for the four seminars. An alternative format for a single seminar highlighting all four topics has also been implemented.     

儿童益智玩具的体验设计研究

以体验设计理念在产品开发设计中的应用为启示,分析了产品设计过程中设计师对市场的体验和消费者对产品的体验,并且结合儿童益智玩具体验设计前提和目的,论述了儿童益智玩具的题材选择以及儿童益智玩具的设计原则:互动性、益智性、娱乐性、情感化。在此基础上,提出了儿童益智玩具体验设计流程。最后以敲敲乐木制玩具为例,验证了儿童益智玩具体验设计的必要性。     

基于用户体验的老人购物车设计研究

目的关注老年群体,为老年群体设计顺应时代发展的产品。根据基于用户体验层面的老人购物车设计理论,完善老人购物车。方法分析现有老人购物车的优劣点,根据老年群体具有的心理与生理特点,结合老人使用购物车时特有的使用环境、体验状态和消费喜好,总结出老人购物车的设计策略。结论通过从用户体验的层面提出老人购物车的设计原则,得到具有优秀用户体验的老人购物车方案。     

基于一个新视角的企业竞争力评价模型

文章从一个新视角对企业竞争力进行了探讨,着重于对企业营销竞争力的分析,借鉴企业竞争力评 价方法,以顾客价值理论和整合营销理论为基础,选择营销业绩竞争力、营销信息竞争力、营销战略竞争力、 营销策略竞争力和营销执行竞争力５个评价指标,构建企业营销竞争力评价模型,并对其评价方法进行研究。     

Integrating Feature Direction Information with a Level Set Formulation for Image Segmentation

A feature-dependent variational level set formulation is proposed for image segmentation. Two second order directional derivatives act as the external constraint in the level set evolution, with the directional derivative across the image features direction playing a key role in contour extraction and another only slightly contributes. To overcome the local gradient limit, we integrate the information from the maximal (in magnitude) second-order directional derivative into a common variational framework. It naturally encourages the level set function to deform (up or down) in opposite directions on either side of the image edges, and thus automatically generates object contours. An additional benefit of this proposed model is that it does not require manual initial contours, and our method can capture weak objects in noisy or intensity-inhomogeneous images. Experiments on infrared and medical images demonstrate its advantages.     

Integrating quality and maintenance decisions in a production-inventory model for deteriorating items

In typical production-inventory models of deteriorating items, deterioration of the production process has not been considered. In this paper, a model is proposed in which both the produced items and the production equipment deteriorate. When the production system deteriorates, it shifts to an out-of-control state and begins to produce a proportion of defective items, necessitating corrective maintenance action. A model is formulated to integrate several realistic aspects, including item and process deterioration, varying demand and production rates, quality, inspection, and maintenance. A heuristic solution algorithm is developed to determine the production and inspection schedules, and a numerical example is solved.