聚氨酯胶粘剂合成条件与结构性能关系的研究

在适当条件下,以PEA、PBA、PHA三种聚酯二醇与MDI反应,用溶液一步法合成了三个系列的线型嵌段聚酯型聚氨酯胶粘剂PEAU、PBAU、PHAU;采用IR,GPC、X射线、DSC和粘度测定等手段对它们进行了表征:研究了聚酯品种、聚酯分子量、聚氨酯分子量、聚氨酯分子中硬软段比例等因素对该类胶粘剂性能的影响。     

On the Heat Stabilization Efficiency of Polyester Plasticizers for Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

Four different polyester plasticizers for poly‐(vinyl chloride) (PVC), having moderate acid numbers (11.5–20.5 mg KOH/g resin), were synthesized. These polyesters were modified by converting the terminal COOH group to Ba(II) and Cd(II) carboxylate salts in order to introduce the capability of heat stabilization for PVC. The modified polyesters were applied as dual function polyesters, i.e., as plasticizers and stabilizers at the same time. The thermal stabilization efficiency of the formed plasticized PVC films was tested photometrically and the data obtained were compared with that afforded by “Irgastab BZ 556”. The efficiencies of these modified polyesters as heat stabilizers for PVC were found to be comparable with that afforded by “Irgastab BZ 556”.     

Fusion behavior of plastisols of PVC studied by ATR-FTIR

The behavior of PVC plastisols during gelation and fusion was studied by the ATR-FTIR technique (Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). DBP, DOP, and DIDP, three common phthalate plasticizers for PVC, were used in plastisols formulations. Three heating rates—5, 10 and 15°C/min—and formulations with different plasticizer concentrations were studied. The IR spectra of a plastisol coincides with the IR spectra of the plasticizer except for the bands at 1435 and 613 cm^?1 from the PVC (CH₂ wagging and C—Cl stretching, respectively). When the plastisol is heated, a progressive decrease of the plasticizer bands areas can be observed, while bands from PVC increase their intensity, probably because of the adsorption of the plasticizer by the resin. On cooling, the area of all bands follows the same path as when heating, but the paths separate at a certain temperature, showing the irreversible nature of this process. The analysis of the band at 1280 cm^?1 (C(O)—O from plasticizer) during heating and cooling, shows that the temperature of separation areas (T_s) takes place at temperatures coherent with plasticizer compatibility. Studies at different heating rates and different plasticizer content are in good agreement with results using other techniques, available in the literature.     

P(MMA-MA)/OMMT纳米复合材料对PVC共混改性研究

通讨原位插层法制备聚(甲苯丙烯酸甲酯一丙烯酸甲酯)有机化蒙脱十「P(MMA-MA)/OMMT}纳米复合材料,并用其对聚氯乙烯(PVC)讲行共混改性。通讨扫描电镜(SEM)热失重分析(TGA)、动杰力学分析(DMA)拉伸和冲击等力学性能测试研究了共混物的两相相容性、热稳定性及力学性能。结果表明:共混体系两相间有很奸的相容性;随着纳米复合材料添加量的增加,共混体系的耐热性能、储能模量、玻璃化温度和力学性能逐渐增加。当纳米复合材料与PVC共混比达到20/100时,共混体系在10%失重率下的失重温度比纯PVC捍高了17.4℃,玻璃化温度比纯PVC捍高了4.7℃。当纳米复合材料与PVC共混比达到30/100时,体系的综合力学性能最奸,冲击强度和拉伸强度分别较纯PVC捍高了21. 1%和34.7%。     

三元共聚尼龙/聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶三元共混弹性体研究

选择三元共聚尼龙（PA），聚氯乙烯（PVC）和丁腈橡胶（NBR）为主体材料，采用高温机械共混，化学交联工艺制得了PA／PVC／NBR三元共混弹性体，探讨了PA／NBR，POM／NBR，PVC／NBR，HMWPVC／NBR三元共混体系性能，重点讨论了PA／PVC／NBR共混比，不同硫化体系，有机过氧物DCP用量等因素对PA／PVC／NBR三元共混弹性体性能的影响，实验结果表明：选择适宜配方制得力学性能和耐油耐溶剂性能较好的PA／PVC／NBR三元共混弹性体，扫描电镜的实验结果证实m(PA):m(PVC):m(NBR)=10:30:60和m(PA):m(PVC):m(NBR)=30:10:60两个体系的三元共混弹性体均具有较好的相容性，且前者的相容性更好。     

相容剂对PVC／PA6体系形态结构的影响

研究了SMA—g—MAH、SEBS—g—MAH和EVA—g—MAH3种相容剂对PVC／PA6共混物的增容效果。结果表明,未添加相容剂的PVC／PA6（100／20）共混物的相容性不好;添加SEBS—g—MAH和EVA—g—MAH两种相容剂后,PVC／PA6共混物的相容性得到一定程度的改善;添加SMA—g—MAH相容剂后,PA6很均匀地分散在PVC基体中。     

氯化聚丙烯对PP/PVC共混物性能的影响

以氯化聚丙烯(CPP)为增容剂,探讨了CPP不同含量下PP/PVC体系的力学性能、相容性、流变性能以及对应的微观结构,并与氯化聚乙烯(CPE)增容剂进行了比较。发现添加5份CPP可明显改善PP和PVC两相界面相容性,与PP/PVC体系相比,拉伸强度提高了61%,无缺口冲击强度提高了100%。此时CPP还起到了一定的增塑作用,共混体系加工性能较好。与CPE相比,含有CPP的共混体系拉伸强度较高。     

Recycling of Waste PET: Usage as Secondary Plasticizer for PVC

Postconsumer water bottle poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes were depolymerized with ethylene glycol (EG) by the glycolysis reaction in the presence of zinc acetate as the catalyst. In the depolymerization reactions, different weight ratios of PET/EG were used. In order to obtain polyesters used as PVC plasticizers, these glycolysis products containing hydroxyl end groups were reacted with an adipic acid (AA)–containing diacid group at equivalent amounts. In order to obtain PVC plastisols, PVC was dispersed into a plasticizers' mixture composed of di-isooctyl phthalate (DOP) and polyester products by using a high-speed mixer (PVC/plasticizers, 65/35 w/w). For the preparation of plasticizer mixture polyester products were used at a weight ratio of 20%, 40%, 60% of DOP. Plasticized PVC sheets were prepared from plastisols and their glass transition temperatures (T_g), migration, and mechanical properties were determined. The results show that the polyester products obtained from glycolysis products of waste PET can be used as secondary plasticizers, with DOP for PVC.     

The Change of Structural,Optical and Thermal Properties of a PVDF/PVC Blend Containing ZnO Nanoparticles

Nanocomposites consisting of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blend containing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared. The changes of the structural, optical and thermal properties of the PVDF/PVC blend before and after addition of ZnO were studied. The shift of intensity in IR bands suggested an interaction and compatibility between the blend and ZnO. The structural properties, crystallinity and grain size of the samples were studied using X-ray diffraction. The average grain size was approximately 16 nm confirmed by TEM observations. The X-ray peak positions of ZnO in doped samples were located in the same positions as those of pure ZnO indicating the crystal structure of ZnO was not altered by its incorporation into PVDF/PVC. The estimated values of the optical energy gap from UV/Vis spectra for indirect transition decrease with increasing ZnO due to charge transfer between PVDF/PVC and ZnO nanoparticles. The thermogravimetric analysis curves showed nearly identical behaviors for all samples. Samples that contained ZnO exhibited less weight loss compared to the pure blend attributed to crosslinking formation between the blend and ZnO. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that ZnO was uniformly distributed inside PVDF/PVC polymeric matrices and was superimposed on an amorphous background.     

S—2500型与S—1000型PVC树脂的性能比较

对高聚合度S—2500型和通用型S—1000型PVC树脂应用于密封条和电缆料方面的性能做了详细对比,结果表明,PVCS—2500型明显优于PVC—1000型。     

PVC/ABS合金材料注塑加工的性能研究

研究了注塑级聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯晴-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)合金的加工流变性能.该合金采用挤出造粒、注射成型的方式制备,探讨了不同配比下合金力学性能、耐热性、相容性以及毛细管流变性能的变化.结果表明:PVC/ABS合金是半相容结构;合金的拉伸强度随着PVC用量的降低呈下降的趋势;PVC/ABS的质量比为40/60时合金的相容性最好,冲击强度最高;合金的弯曲强度和弯曲模量都随着合金中ABS用量的升高而下降.合金的耐热性随着PVC/ABS合金中ABS用量的增大而升高.PVC/ABS的质量比为20/80时合金的流动性最好.     

PVC的共混改性研究进展

阐述了近年来对PVC的共混改性研究工作,总结了不同物质,如弹性体、塑料、无机刚性粒子增韧PVC的机理。并讨论了部分PVC树脂共混体系的相容性及改性效果。     

热塑性聚氨酯改性PVC的研究

将自制的热塑性聚氨酯（５６６ＴＰＵ）和日本的Ｐａｎｄｅｘ Ｔ－５２６５ＴＰＵ、美国的Ｅｌｖａｌｏｙ７４１及Ｃｈｅｍｉｇｕｍｐ－８３等四种不同的高分子改性剂，在相同条件下分别与聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）共混，其共混物通过ＤＳＣ、扫描电镜、Ｘ－射线衍射测试，并比较其力学性能和薄膜耐热性能。证实ＰＶＣ／５６６ＴＰＵ共混物是非结晶相态，Ｔｇ值最低，两者相容性最好，且性能优异，可作为医用或其他用途的合金材料。     

Effect of liquid plasticizers on crystallization of PCL in soft PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends

In this work, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and liquid plasticizer were combined used to plasticize poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and the possibility of using PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends to fabricate soft PVC with enhanced migration resistance was investigated. Through partial replacement of liquid plasticizers in soft PVC by equal quantity of PCL, flexibility was maintained while extraction loss of plasticizer by organic solvent was reduced significantly. Furthermore, crystallization of PCL in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends with low PCL content was observed, and crystallization rate of PCL was found to be influenced by plasticizer contents and structures. For instance, crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/diisononyl phthalate (DINP) (100/40/100) was 3.7 times faster than in PVC/PCL/DINP (100/40/80), while crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/dioctyl adipate(DOA)(100/40/100) was 8.3 times faster than in PVC/PCL/diisononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) (100/40/100). Low-field ¹H NMR test manifested that different crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends with different plasticizer structures was triggered by difference in plasticizers' compatibility with PVC, that is, the number of interaction point between PVC and plasticizers. It is concluded that PCL crystallization favored by liquid plasticizers in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends was induced by interaction competition between PVC/plasticizer and PVC/PCL. As plasticizer content increases or its compatibility with PVC decreases, interaction competition becomes more intense and consequently faster crystallization of PCL occurs. Thus, to obtain soft PVC products with improve migration resistance while avoiding PCL crystallization, the total content of plasticizer (including both liquid plasticizer and PCL) should be lower than 66 phr (40 wt %). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48803.     

PVC／ACR共混体系的相容性研究

用DSC和FT－IR研究了PVC／ACR共混体系的相容性。结果表明,随KM355P含量比增加塑料相的玻璃化温度Tgt向高温移动,橡胶相的转变温度Tg2向低温转移;不同品种的ACR和PVC具有不同的相容性;ACR中PMMA组分与PVC之间形成氢键;提高了PVC／ACR体系的相容性。     

Role of adhesive–substrate compatibility in adhesion

For substrates such as polyesters having limited capacity for hydrogen bonding or other specific interactions, thermodynamic compatibility of the substrate and adhesive is shown to be a key factor in promoting bondability to the substrate. Such compatibility occurs, as shown by Abere, when the cohesive energy densities (CED) or solubility parameters (δ = √CED) of substrate and adhesive are matched. Investigations with polyester film-adhesive-film model systems with the use of a variety of nonpolar (hydrocarbon) and polar (chlorinated compounds, ethers, esters) adhesives illustrate how compatibility promotes bondability to poly(ethylene terephthalate). The poor adhesion of polyester fibers to resorcinol–formaldehyde–latex (RFL) adhesives is attributed to the incompatibility of resorcinol (δ = 16.0) with the polyester (δ = 10.3). Adhesion to RFL was improved by substituting the more compatible n-hexyl resorcinol (δ = 12.5) for resorcinol in RFL adhesives. Currently, the best adhesive systems for polyester tire yarns are those (e.g., isocyanate–epoxy) involving formation of urethane polymers having matching δ values with poly(ethylene terephthalate).     

PVC膜装饰金属薄板在贴塑过程中粘贴不牢的现象剖析

介绍了PVC贴塑板在贴塑过程中粘贴不牢的各种影响因素,针对各种影响因素提出相应的解决方法,使贴塑质量得以保证,达到较好的效果。处理好(1)原材料：PVC膜、金属板、胶粘剂三者之间的亲和力;(2)胶粘剂的活化温度;(3)涂胶操作正常性,这三个方面的问题,对保证贴塑质量关系很大。     

新型超支化聚酯对PVC力学及流变性能影响的研究

研究了BOLTORNTM型超支化聚酯对硬质聚氯乙烯(PVC)力学及流变性能的影响,并初步与传统加工助剂ACR进行了比较。结果表明,在100份的PVC中加入10份的超支化聚酯BOLTORNTMH40,材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到最大值39.58MPa和30.25%,拉伸强度比加入相同量的BOLTORNTMH20、H30要分别高4.2%、27.93%,而断裂伸长率则分别高400.1%、97.1%;在100份PVC中加入8份的超支化聚酯BOLTORNTMH20,材料的冲击强度达到最大值20.53kJ/m2;BOLTORNTM超支化聚酯与传统的加工助剂ACR相比,超支化聚酯对PVC有着更好的流变与塑化效果;另外,超支化聚酯可以降低PVC的黏度,随着超支化聚酯用量的增加,PVC黏度降低幅度增加。     

乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物对聚氯乙烯／聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

以乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物（EMMA）为增容剂制备了聚氯乙烯（PVC）／聚丙烯（PP）复合材料．采用DSC表征了复合材料的相容性,用WDW3020微控电子万能实验机、XCJ-40电子冲击实验机测试了复合材料的力学性能;并与氯化聚乙烯（CPE）增容PVC／PP共混体系进行了比较。试验结果表明：EMMA能显著改善PVC与PP的相容性。当增容剂用量为9份时,与未增容PVC／PP体系相比。缺口冲击强度,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了191％,70％,41％;与CPE增容PVC／PP体系相比,缺口冲击强度,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了44％,39％,12％。     

Multiphase PVC/styrenic copolymer alloys: Internally reinforced by partial miscibility

Although polymer/polymer miscibility is considered the exception to the general rule, in polymer thermodynamics specific interactions between active sites on two polymers can be a driving force for polymer/polymer miscibility. Both the intermolecular interactions of the alpha hydrogen of PVC with carbonyl groups in various polyesters and the polarity of the chlorine bond have been claimed to promote miscibility. Both of these interactions are potential in PVC/styrene maleic anhydride (SMAnh) polymer blends. These specific interactions promoting miscibility and the resulting mechanical properties of these systems is the subject of this report. SMAnh (12.5% MA) copolymer was melt compounded with a stabilized PVC compound using a Haake Rheocord twin screw extruder. Test data generated for these blends were analyzed for miscibility and effects of SMAnh copolymers on heat resistance, fire retardance, impact strength, and processability of PVC.